Educação em saúde na prevenção do consumo precoce de bebidas alcóolicas entre crianças e adolescentes / Health education in prevention of early alcoholic beverage consumption among children and adolescents

Aplicar um plano de intervenção para prevenção do alcoolismo em crianças e adolescentes em uma escola municipal na cidade de Belém do Pará, propiciando a melhoria da qualidade de vida do público alvo e a redução dos problemas e dos danos causados pelo consumo excessivo de álcool

Cirurgia bariátrica - aspectos epidemiológicos, fisiopatológicos e principais técnicas cirúrgicas empregadas

Nas últimas décadas, houve uma mudança no estilo de vida que contribuiu para um aumento alarmante da obesidade. Padrões alimentares ricos em calorias e comportamento sedentário têm levado a uma epidemia global, com números preocupantes tanto entre adultos quanto entre crianças e adolescentes. A cirurgia bariátrica é reconhecida como o tratamento mais eficaz para combater a obesidade e suas complicações. Esses procedimentos cirúrgicos, como o bypass gástrico, a banda gástrica ajustável, a gastrectomia vertical e a derivação biliopancreática, demonstraram ser altamente eficientes na redução de peso a longo prazo e no tratamento de problemas metabólicos associados. Embora ainda haja incertezas sobre os mecanismos exatos envolvidos na perda de peso resultante da cirurgia bariátrica, acredita-se que eles envolvam o controle do apetite, a influência de peptídeos intestinais, modificações na microbiota e alterações nos ácidos biliares. No geral, a cirurgia bariátrica é considerada a terapia mais eficaz disponível atualmente para alcançar e manter a perda de peso a longo prazo. Outrossim, intervenções endoscópicas minimamente invasivas têm ganhado espaço no manejo do paciente obeso; atualmente, existem três estratégias bariátricas endoscópicas comumente utilizadas: balões intragástricos (BIGs), gastroplastia endoscópica (GE) e bypass duodeno-jejunal endoscópico (BDJE). Esses procedimentos visam reduzir a capacidade do estômago e a absorção de nutrientes, resultando em perda de peso. Além disso, os procedimentos bariátricos endoscópicos têm mostrado resultados promissores devido às suas características, como baixo impacto traumático, possibilidade de reversão, recuperação rápida, custo-efetividade e eficácia na redução de peso

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Os princípios TRUST como ferramenta de avaliação de repositórios de dados

Scientific data repositories act as important tools to support data storage, preservation and sharing. In this sense, the TRUST Principles emerge as a set of guidelines that seek to guarantee the reliability of digital data repositories. This research aims to verify the applicability of TRUST Principles as an assessment tool for data repositories, based on the analysis of the “Covid-19 Data Sharing / BR” repository. For this, two instruments were used: first, a set of criteria was developed to assess the repository's adherence to each of the TRUST Principles; second, a scoring system capable of assessing the repository's adherence to each criterion, on a scale graded from one to five, was formulated, the average score obtained in each principle was named trustworthiness degree. The scoring system was modeled using a software developed in the PHP programming language. It was observed that the principle with the highest value in the repository was Responsibility, while a low adherence to the Technology principle was noted. The research found that the TRUST Principles can be used as a useful certification tool for data repositories, as they direct their focus to very specific aspects of the repositories.Os repositórios de dados científicos atuam como importantes ferramentas de suporte ao armazenamento, preservação e compartilhamento de dados. Nesse sentido, os Princípios TRUST emergem como um conjunto de diretrizes que buscam garantir a confiabilidade de repositórios de dados digitais. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar a aplicabilidade dos Princípios TRUST como uma ferramenta de avaliação de repositórios de dados, a partir da análisedo repositório “Covid-19 Data Sharing/BR”. Para isso, contou-se com dois instrumentos: primeiro, elaborou-se um conjunto de critérios para avaliar a aderência do repositório a cada um dos Princípios TRUST; segundo, formulou-se um sistema de pontuação capaz mensurara aderência do repositório a cada critério, em uma escala de um a cinco, denominando-se de trustworthiness degree a média da pontuação obtida em cada princípio. O sistema de pontuação foi modelado através de um software desenvolvido na linguagem de programação PHP. Observou-se que o princípio com maior valor no repositório foi o de Responsabilidade, ao passo que se notou uma baixa aderência quanto ao princípio Tecnologia. Concluiu-se que os Princípios TRUST podem ser empregados como uma ferramenta útil de certificação de repositóriosde dados, visto que direcionam o seu foco para aspectos bastante específicos dos repositórios

Immunological impact of tetrahydrobiopterin on the central nervous system in a murine model of rabies virus infection

Currently, the Milwaukee protocol presents healing results in human beings affected by the rabies virus. However, there are many points to clarify on the action of drugs and the immune mechanism involved in the evolution of the disease. One of the drugs used is biopterin, which is an important cofactor for nitric oxide, important for preventing vasospasm. Thus, we describe the effect of biopterin on some inflammatory factors in a rabies virus infection developed in an animal model. The immunological mediators studied in animals infected with rabies virus submitted to doses of sapropterin were Anti-RABV, IL-6, IL-2, IL-17a, INF-gamma and Anti-iNOS. It is suggested that the medication in the context of a RABV infection already installed, had the effect of modulating the inflammatory mechanisms mainly linked to the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and the migration of cytotoxic cells