Hard sphere colloidal dispersions: Mechanical relaxation pertaining to thermodynamic forces

The complex viscosity of sterically stabilized (hard) silica spheres in cyclohexane has been measured between 80 Hz and 170 kHz with torsion pendulums and a nickel tube resonator. The observed relaxation behaviour can be attributed to the interplay of hydrodynamic and thermodynamic forces. The validity of the Cox-Merz rule is checked

Onderlinge overheidsaansprakelijkheid voor schendingen van Europees recht. De complexiteit van het adagium 'de veroorzaker betaalt' in een veellagige rechtsorde

In ons recht draagt in beginsel ieder zijn eigen schade. Voor het __verplaatsen__ van schade, bijvoorbeeld naar de veroorzaker ervan (onder het motto __de veroorzaker betaalt__), dient een bijzondere reden te zijn. Deze kan zijn gelegen in de idee dat de persoon die verwijtbaar schade veroorzaakt, die schade dient te vergoeden. Dit houdt dus een reactie van de rechtsorde in op rechtens verwijtbaar gedrag. De keuze om schade te verplaatsen, is altijd een (rechts)politieke. Onlangs is deze keuze gemaakt voor het verplaatsen van schade die op grond van EU-recht voor rekening komt van de Nederlandse Staat. Met de inwerkingtreding van de Wet Naleving Europese regelgeving publieke entiteiten (Wet NErpe) in 2012 kan deze schade door middel van een verhaalsrecht van de Staat worden verplaatst naar de veroorzakers ervan, zogenoemde publieke entiteiten. Dit zijn bijvoorbeeld medeoverheden, aanbestedingsplichtige entiteiten en concessiehouders. Ook de omgekeerde situatie doet zich voor. Door EU-recht te schenden kan de Staat schade veroorzaken die voor rekening komt van publieke entiteiten zoals medeoverheden. Voor het verplaatsen van die schade heeft de wetgever niet voorzien in een bijzonder verhaalsrecht. In dit onderzoek staat centraal het verplaatsen van de ene overheid naar de ande re van schade die is terug te voeren op een schending van EU-recht of het EVRM. Onderzocht is of, en zo ja hoe de ene overheid zich naar huidig recht op de ande re zou (moeten) kunnen verhalen en welke voorwaarden vanuit het positieve recht aan een dergelijk verhaalsrecht zouden moeten worden gesteldLEI Universiteit LeidenTrias Europea: de verhoudingen tussen de overheidsmachten in de EU en de lidstaten in een bewegend constitutioneel landscha

Институциональные условия усиления внедрения инвестиций интенсивного типа

Большое значение в процессе повышения эффективности общественного воспроизводства на основе усиления внедрения инноваций и инвестиций интенсивного типа имеет создание оптимальных институциональных условий и предпосылок. В этой связи в работе исследуются факторы формирования оптимальной институциональной среды как основы интенсификации российской экономики.Велике значення у процесі підвищення ефективності суспільного відтворення на основі посилення впровадження інновацій та інвестицій інтенсивного типу має створення оптимальних інституційних умов і передумов. У зв'язку із цим у роботі досліджуються чинники формування оптимального інституційного середовища як основи інтенсифікації російської економіки.Creation of optimal institutional conditions and preconditions is of great importance in the process of increasing the efficiency of public reproduction on the basis of strengthening the introduction of innovations and investments of intensive type. In this respect the factors of formation of optimal institutional environment as the bases for intensification of the Russian economy are analyzed

De ontbrekende schakel. Over artikel 3 EVRM als onderdeel van het rechterlijk toetsingskader bij financiële besluiten

De bescherming van fundamentele rechten in een integrerend Europ

Data Report: Pump Sampling and Sediment Analysis in Support of the Sensor Insertion System Duck, N.C. April and October, 1997

The objectives of this study were to (i) construct a pumping system, (ii) operate the system and collect samples of suspended sediment across the width of the surf zone during two major field experiments planned for the SIS in 1997, and (iii) analyze the resulting samples for sand concentration, sand size distribution, total percent sand, total percent mud, and organic content. The purpose was to provide a high quality data set of pump samples with which to later test the sensitivity of indirect measurements of suspended sand concentration to the presence of suspended mud. The response of OBSs is known to be particularly sensitive to the presence of suspended mud ( turbidity ) due to the inverse response of OBS output to grain size. Without better constraints on the proper interpretation of OBS time series, the overall conclusions with regards to net along-shelf transport of sand during storms may be in doubt (see following section)

Detailed motility evaluation of boar semen and its predictive value for reproductive performance in sows

Reliable estimates of boar fertility potential from semen evaluation could be a valuable tool for boar selection. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphology and the detailed motility parameters of diluted boar semen and to relate these to their predictive value concerning conception and farrowing rate, litter size and the number of live born piglets. In addition, the optimal time for evaluation of the motility of preserved semen with respect to its predictive effect on fertility was determined. One hundred ejaculates from 38 boars were evaluated morphologically by eosin-nigrosin staining and different motility characteristics were assessed using Computer Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA). The motility was determined at 15, 45 and 120 minutes after incubation at 37 degrees C. The conception rate, farrowing rate, litter size and number of live born piglets were registered from 276 sows inseminated with these ejaculates. Different regression models were used to evaluate the predictive value of the semen characteristics on these fertility parameters, taking into account the effect of herd, parity and weaning to estrus interval. The motility characteristics of the spermatozoa varied significantly during the 15 to 120 minutes of incubation. The longer the incubation time, the more the velocity parameters along the actual cell path decreased, while the parameters of straightforward movement increased. The predictive value of individual semen parameters on conception and farrowing rate was very small. The predictive value of certain associations of different semen parameters, on the other hand, was significant. The percentage of motile spermatozoa had a significant (P<0.05) and positive effect on the total number of piglets born (litter size) and on the number of live born piglets, independent of the time of measurement (X-2 0.38-1.00 and 0.41-1.00, respectively). Accurate evaluation of the motility of a semen dose is therefore imperative for estimating its predictive value relating to fertility. In conclusion, since the time of evaluation after warming the samples significantly influences the motility parameters, CASA measurement should be done when the cells are completely acclimatized to 37 degrees C. On the basis of the available data, a 45 min incubation period appeared to be sufficient. The percentage of motile spermatozoa, as assessed by CASA on diluted semen, offers detailed predictive information regarding litter size, irrespective of the time of measurement

Upgraded sublimation energy determination procedure for icy films

“NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in . Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in VACUUM, [VOL 86, ISSUE 12, (2012-06)] DOI10.1016/j.vacuum.2012.05.010¨A method to determine the sublimation energy of a bulk ice in high vacuum systems, allowing other simultaneous analysis techniques, is presented. Variation in frequency of a quartz crystal microbalance, due to sublimating material, during a zeroth-order desorption consents to obtain this energy. CO 2 sublimation energy is obtained to check this method, its value is coherent with that reported in the literature. Our method permits to simplify the setup used so far by other authors, and to obtain relevant parameters for ices simultaneously. The procedure explained here corrects the temperature frequency dependence of the microbalance and the effect of contaminants by using a unique microbalance. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Co-financed by FEDER funds) AYA 2004-05382 and AYA 2007-65899.Luna Molina, R.; Millán Verdú, C.; Domingo Beltran, M.; Santonja Moltó, MDC.; Satorre Aznar, MÁ. (2012). Upgraded sublimation energy determination procedure for icy films. Vacuum. 86(12):1969-1973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2012.05.010S19691973861

Subtractive isolation of phage-displayed single-chain antibodies to thymic stromal cells by using intact thymic fragments

In the murine thymus, the stroma forms microenvironments that control different steps in T cell development. To study the architecture of such microenvironments and more particularly the nature of communicative signals in lympho–stromal interaction during T cell development, we have employed the phage antibody display technology, with the specific aim of isolating thymic stromal cellspecific single-chain antibodies from a semisynthetic phage library. A subtractive approach using intact, mildly fixed thymic fragments as target tissue and lymphocytes as absorber cells generated monoclonal phages (MoPhabs) detecting subsets of murine thymic stromal cells. In the present paper we report on the reactivity of single-chain antibodies derived from three MoPhabs, TB4–4, TB4–20, and TB4–28. While TB4–4 and TB4–20 are both epithelium specific, TB4–28 detects an epitope expressed on both epithelial- and mesenchymal-derived stromal cells. TB4–4 reacts with all cortical epithelial cells and with other endoderm-derived epithelia, but this reagent leaves the majority of medullary epithelial cells unstained. In contrast, MoPhab TB4–20 detects both cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells, as well as other endoderm- and ectoderm-derived epithelial cells. Cross-reaction of single-chain antibodies to human thymic stromal cells shows that our semisynthetic phage antibody display library, in combination with the present subtractive approach, permits detection of evolutionary conserved epitopes expressed on subsets of thymic stromal cells

On measuring colloidal volume fractions

Hard-sphere colloids are popular as models for testing fundamental theories in condensed matter and statistical physics, from crystal nucleation to the glass transition. A single parameter, the volume fraction (phi), characterizes an ideal, monodisperse hard-sphere suspension. In comparing experiments with theories and simulation, researchers to date have paid little attention to likely uncertainties in experimentally-quoted phi values. We critically review the experimental measurement of phi in hard-sphere colloids, and show that while statistical uncertainties in comparing relative values of phi can be as low as 0.0001, systematic errors of 3-6% are probably unavoidable. The consequences of this are illustrated by way of a case study comparing literature data sets on hard-sphere viscosity and diffusion.Comment: 11 page