ATRIBUIÇÕES DO ENFERMEIRO NA ASSISTÊNCIA A PACIENTES SUBMETIDOS À RADIOTERAPIA E QUIMIOTERAPIA

Introduction: Nursing is of great importance throughout the chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment, with professionals who continuously monitor the patient and provide guidance related to the treatment to all involved. This guidance is essential in understanding these patients and their families, making it possible to resolve doubts and enable better adherence to chemotherapy and in coping with the pathology. Objective: To describe studies that address nursing care for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Methodology: Literature review, in Portuguese and English, using electronic databases, study carried out in October and November 2022. Analysis and discussion of results: Cancers comprise a group of more than 100 diseases that have in common the ability of your cells to grow irregularly, affecting tissues and organs. The type of treatment depends on the specific type, location, and grade of the cancer. Chemotherapy involves the use of one or more compounds to treat cancer and diseases caused by biological agents, and may be given at the same time as surgery and radiation. Conclusion: It is important for nurses to develop health education and skills as caregivers of patients undergoing outpatient chemotherapy and radiotherapy in order to promote relationships that allow patients to be more satisfied and face their care. This training is guided by the understanding of each one and promotes a good understanding of the disease, its treatments, how side effects are managed and the patient's experience.Introducción: La enfermería es de gran importancia a lo largo del tratamiento de quimioterapia y radioterapia, contando con profesionales que monitorean continuamente al paciente y brindan orientación relacionada con el tratamiento a todos los involucrados. Esta orientación es fundamental para comprender a estos pacientes y sus familias, posibilitando la resolución de dudas y posibilitando una mejor adherencia a la quimioterapia y en el enfrentamiento de la patología. Objetivo: Describir estudios que aborden el cuidado de enfermería a pacientes oncológicos sometidos a quimioterapia y radioterapia. Metodología: Revisión de literatura, en portugués e inglés, utilizando bases de datos electrónicas, estudio realizado en octubre y noviembre de 2022. Análisis y discusión de resultados: Los cánceres comprenden un grupo de más de 100 enfermedades que tienen en común la capacidad de sus células para crecer irregularmente, afectando tejidos y órganos. El tipo de tratamiento depende del tipo específico, la ubicación y el grado del cáncer. La quimioterapia implica el uso de uno o más compuestos para tratar el cáncer y las enfermedades causadas por agentes biológicos, puede administrarse al mismo tiempo que la cirugía y la radiación. Conclusión: Es importante que los enfermeros desarrollen educación en salud y habilidades como cuidadores de pacientes en tratamiento ambulatorio de quimioterapia y radioterapia para promover relaciones que permitan a los pacientes estar más satisfechos y afrontar su cuidado. Esta capacitación está guiada por la comprensión de cada uno y promueve una buena comprensión de la enfermedad, sus tratamientos, cómo se manejan los efectos secundarios experiencia del paciente.Introdução: A enfermagem faz-se de grande importância durante todo o tratamento quimioterápico e radioterápico, sendo os profissionais que acompanham continuamente o paciente e que fornecem orientações relacionadas ao tratamento a todos os envolvidos. Esta orientação é essencial na compreensão destes pacientes e familiares, sendo possível sanar as dúvidas e possibilitar uma melhor aderência ao tratamento quimioterápico e no enfrentamento diante da patologia.  Objetivo: Descrever os estudos que abordam os cuidados da enfermagem aos pacientes oncológicos submetidos aos tratamentos quimioterápicos e radioterápicos.  Metodologia: Revisão de literatura, nos idiomas português e inglês, utilizando bases de dados eletrônicas, estudo realizado no mês de outubro e novembro de 2022. Análise e discussão dos resultados: Os cânceres compreendem um grupo de mais de 100 doenças que têm em comum a capacidade de suas células crescerem de forma irregular, afetando tecidos e órgãos. O tipo de tratamento depende do tipo específico, localização e grau do câncer. A quimioterapia envolve o uso de um ou mais compostos, para tratar o câncer e doenças causadas por agentes biológicos, e pode ser administrada ao mesmo tempo a cirurgia e radioterapia. Conclusão: É importante que os enfermeiros desenvolvam educação em saúde e competências como cuidadores de pacientes em quimioterapia ambulatorial e radioterapia para que promovam relacionamentos que permitam que os pacientes fiquem mais satisfeitos e enfrentem seus cuidados. Esse treinamento é pautado na compreensão de cada um e promove um bom entendimento sobre a doença, seus tratamentos, como são administrados os efeitos colaterais e a experiência do paciente.Introdução: A enfermagem faz-se de grande importância durante todo o tratamento quimioterápico e radioterápico, sendo os profissionais que acompanham continuamente o paciente e que fornecem orientações relacionadas ao tratamento a todos os envolvidos. Esta orientação é essencial na compreensão destes pacientes e familiares, sendo possível sanar as dúvidas e possibilitar uma melhor aderência ao tratamento quimioterápico e no enfrentamento diante da patologia.  Objetivo: Descrever os estudos que abordam os cuidados da enfermagem aos pacientes oncológicos submetidos aos tratamentos quimioterápicos e radioterápicos.  Metodologia: Revisão de literatura, nos idiomas português e inglês, utilizando bases de dados eletrônicas, estudo realizado no mês de outubro e novembro de 2022. Análise e discussão dos resultados: Os cânceres compreendem um grupo de mais de 100 doenças que têm em comum a capacidade de suas células crescerem de forma irregular, afetando tecidos e órgãos. O tipo de tratamento depende do tipo específico, localização e grau do câncer. A quimioterapia envolve o uso de um ou mais compostos, para tratar o câncer e doenças causadas por agentes biológicos, e pode ser administrada ao mesmo tempo a cirurgia e radioterapia. Conclusão: É importante que os enfermeiros desenvolvam educação em saúde e competências como cuidadores de pacientes em quimioterapia ambulatorial e radioterapia para que promovam relacionamentos que permitam que os pacientes fiquem mais satisfeitos e enfrentem seus cuidados. Esse treinamento é pautado na compreensão de cada um e promove um bom entendimento sobre a doença, seus tratamentos, como são administrados os efeitos colaterais e a experiência do paciente

Sarcopenia associada ao envelhecimento: fatores que interferem na qualidade de vida do idoso / Sarcopenia associated with aging: factors that interfere with the quality of life of the elderly

O envelhecimento é um processo que ocorre ao longo da vida de maneira progressiva e para todos os seres humanos, tratando-se da ocorrência de alterações em fatores fisiológicos, biológicos, culturais e sociais. Objetivo: identificar na literatura a sarcopenia associada ao envelhecimento e os fatores que interferem na qualidade de vida do idoso. Método: estudo bibliográfico, descritivo do tipo de revisão integrativa. Resultados: foram encontradas 249 referências, após a leitura criteriosa do título e resumo, foram excluídos aqueles que não estavam de acordo com o objetivo proposto e foram incluídos 11 artigos, nas bases de dados MEDLINE, SCIELO, LILACS e BDENF. Resultados: conforme a congruência dos dados, foram criadas duas categorias: Fatores que interferem na qualidade de vida do idoso e Sarcopenia associada ao envelhecimento. Conclusão: a prevalência de sarcopenia aumentou conforme o avançar da idade em ambos os sexos, o que confirma a perda de massa e função muscular que ocorre com o avançar da idade. Uma forma de minimizar tal condição é a prática de exercícios físicos para fortalecer os músculos e contribuir no aumento de massa e volume muscular nos idosos

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data