Cold-adapted yeasts from Patagonia Argentina

The Patagonian Andes possess a great variety of glaciers, large temperate ice masses, and glacially formed water bodies. Most of these environments are included in protected areas characterized by low anthropogenic impact and minimal atmospheric pollution. Studies on occurrence of psychrotolerant (cold-adapted) and psychrophilic yeasts in these natural environments have allowed the characterization of native cold-adapted yeast communities, the description of six novel species, as well as description of the capability of these yeasts to produce extracellular enzymes, and other metabolites (carotenoids and mycosporines). Cold-adapted yeasts from Patagonian glaciers were able to hydrolyze natural polymers (casein, lipids, starch, pectin and carboxymethylcellulose) at low temperatures and some were able to produce photo-protective compounds. These results suggest a significant ecological role of these organisms as organic matter decomposers and nutrient cyclers, also reveal that some of these yeasts could be used for further metabolic, ecological and biotechnological studies. The objective of this review is to summarize all the findings related to cold adapted yeasts from glacial environments of the South Hemisphere (outside Antarctica), also to highlight the importance of continental ice masses from the microbiological perspectiveFil: de Garcia, Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Giraudo, Maria Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin

Novel yeast taxa from the cold: description of Cryolevonia giraudoae sp. nov. and Camptobasidium gelus sp. nov.

Twenty-one psychrophilic yeast isolates related to the Camptobasidiaceae family in the Microbotryomycetes class were obtained from ice collected from cold environments worldwide. A new psychrophilic species from the recently described genus Cryole-vonia, Cryolevania giraudoae is proposed to accommodate 18 isolates from Patagonia (Argentina) and Antarctica (holotype CRUB 2086T). In addition, a new psychrophilic species in the genus Camptobasidium is described as Camptobasidium gelus sp. nov. (holotype CBS 8941T), based on three isolates from glacial ice in the Russel glacier (Greenland ice sheet) and Antarctica. The strict psychrophilic profile is the salient feature of both novel species.Fil: de Garcia, Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas; ArgentinaFil: Trochine, Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales; ArgentinaFil: Uetake, Jun. National Institute of Polar Research; JapónFil: Bellora, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales; ArgentinaFil: Libkind, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales; Argentin

Yeasts Occurring in Surface and Mouth Cavity of Two Chelonian Species, Podocnemis expansa Schweigger and P. unifilis Troschel (Reptilia: Chelonia: Pelomedusidae), in the Javaés River Border of Araguaia National Park in Brazil

Thirty-eight specimens of free-ranging Podocnemis expansa (Amazon turtle) and 22 of P. unifilis (Tracajá) were screened for yeast isolation from surface (plastron, skin, and nails), eye, and mouth cavity. A hundred and eighteen yeast isolates belonging to 39 species were obtained. Debaryomyces hansenii, Candida galli, C. sake, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa were the most frequent species isolated from these chelonians. Species diversity measured by Shannon's index was shown to be low and a degree of dominance could be detected as species known as potential pathogens were commonly isolated. The effective number of species in plastron of P. expansa was higher than in mouth samples, but not in P. unifilis probably due to dietary factors. P. expansa animals were captured on the beaches, and the superficial yeast populations may include terrestrial species. P. unifilis animals were captured in the water and the yeasts from superficial sites may represent species from river water

Environmental damage and dilemmas on theory of tort law

La temática de la responsabilidad extracontractual presenta muchas dificultades en su manejo, sobre todo cuando acercamos la responsabilidad civil al Derecho Ambiental percibimos que aquella tiene fragilizadas sus estructuras propias, surgiendo muchas incertidumbres en lo que toca a los fundamentos filosóficos  y a las teorías clásicas de la responsabilidad. El artículo trata del daño ambiental, sus limitaciones y dilemas ante los fundamentos filosóficos de la responsabilidad extracontractual. Se dedica más atentamente a los problemas presentados por la responsabilidad objetiva e imputación en los supuestos de daño ambiental.The issue of Tort Law presents many difficulties, especially when we approach to Environmental responsability, arising many uncertainties regarding the philosophy foudations of tort law and insufficiency of the traditional concept on environmental damage. The article deals of Environmental damage and the limitations to the philosophy foudations of tort law, dedicates on problems presented by the objective responsibility and the assumptions of environmental damage.O tema da responsabilidade extracontratual apresenta muitas dificuldades em seu tratamento. Especialmente quando abordada a responsabilidade civil e o Direito Ambiental, percebemos que são enfraquecidas suas próprias estruturas, suscitando muitas incertezas quanto aos fundamentos filosóficos da responsabilidade extracontratual e teorias clássicas de responsabilidade. O artigo aborda o dano ambiental e suas limitações e dilemas ante a teoria geral e os fundamentos filosóficos da responsabilidade extracontratual. Dedica-se aos problemas apresentados pela responsabilidade objetiva e à imputação nos casos de danos ambientais

Evaluation of physicochemical and microbiological stability of liquid preparation from tizanidine hydrochloride tablets - a Hospital concern

Tizanidine hydrochloride is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, used in the management of spasticity. This drug is commercially available only as tablets, which highlights the need to develop oral liquid formulations. In the hospital environment, this aspect is circumvented by the preparation of suspensions, to allow administration to children and adults with impaired swallowing, but there are no data regarding their stability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical andmicrobiological stability of liquid dosage forms prepared in the hospital environment from tizanidine hydrochloride tablets, applying high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and microbiological analysis. A simple and stability-indicating HPLC method was developed and validated for specificity, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, accuracy and robustness. The liquid formulations were placed in amber PET and glass bottles, which were stored under three different conditions: at room temperature, under refrigeration and at 40 ºC. The liquid formulations were analyzed and demonstrated chemical stability for 56 days, allowing their use for long periods. However, the determination of microbiological stability showed that these formulations are prone to microbial contamination, which has dramatically reduced its stability to 7 days, in both bottles and at all evaluated temperatures

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)-induced chronic gliosis and retinal stress lead to neurodegeneration in a mouse model of retinopathy

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) exerts multiple effects on different retinal cell types in both physiological and pathological conditions. Despite the growth factor's extensively described neuroprotective actions, transgenic mice with increased intraocular levels of IGF-I showed progressive impairment of electroretinographic amplitudes up to complete loss of response, with loss of photoreceptors and bipolar, ganglion, and amacrine neurons. Neurodegeneration was preceded by the overexpression of genes related to retinal stress, acute-phase response, and gliosis, suggesting that IGF-I altered normal retinal homeostasis. Indeed, gliosis and microgliosis were present from an early age in transgenic mice, before other alterations occurred, and were accompanied by signs of oxidative stress and impaired glutamate recycling. Older mice also showed overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our results suggest that, when chronically increased, intraocular IGF-I is responsible for the induction of deleterious cellular processes that can lead to neurodegeneration, and they highlight the importance that this growth factor may have in the pathogenesis of conditions such as ischemic or diabetic retinopathy

Microbial contaminants in bottled craft beer of Andean Patagonia, Argentina

La actividad cervecera en la Patagonia andina argentina tiene un rol muy importante en la economía de la región; una de las problemáticas que enfrenta, en términos de calidad, son las contaminaciones microbianas. La presencia de bacterias y levaduras contaminantes en la cerveza produce cambios microbiológicos, físicos y químicos, que impactan en sus atributos sensoriales. No obstante, pocas cervecerías establecen criterios y políticas que garanticen la calidad microbiológica de sus productos. El propósito de este trabajo fue estudiar por primera vez la incidencia de contaminantes microbianos en cervezas artesanales embotelladas producidas en la Patagonia andina argentina, además de identificar los principales microorganismos involucrados y determinar posibles relaciones entre los eventos de contaminación y variables fisicoquímicas de la cerveza. Para ello se analizaron 75 cervezas provenientes de 37 cervecerías de 12 localidades andinas. El 69,3% de las muestras analizadas evidenció crecimiento de microorganismos en los medios de cultivo empleados para la detección de contaminantes cerveceros. La bacteria Levilactobacillus brevis y levaduras del género Saccharomyces fueron los principales contaminantes identificados. Se comprobó que las contaminaciones microbianas impactaron sobre el perfil sensorial de la cerveza y que el cambio de pH fue un indicador de contaminación por bacterias lácticas. De cada 10 fábricas estudiadas, 8 presentaron problemas de contaminación, lo que pone en evidencia la necesidad de disenar ˜ estrategias de prevención y control de contaminaciones en microcervecerías.The brewing activity in Andean Patagonia plays a very important role in the region´s economy, being microbial contamination one of the main problems in terms of quality. The presence of contaminant bacteria and wild yeasts in beer generate microbiological, physical and chemical changes that impact on its sensory attributes. However, few breweries establish criteria and policies to guarantee the quality of their products in a microbiological sense. The purpose of this work was to study for the first time the incidence of microbial contaminants in bottled craft beers from Andean Patagonia, identify the main microorganisms involved and establish relationships between contamination and the physicochemical variables of beer. We analyzed 75 beers from 37 breweries from 12 different Patagonian cities. Our results showed that 69.3% of the analyzed beer exhibited contaminant microorganism growth. Bacteria Levilactobacillus brevis and wild yeasts of Saccharomyces were the main microorganisms responsible for these contaminations. In addition, we found that microbial contamination had an impact on beer sensory profile and also that pH was correlated with the presence of lactic acid bacteria in beer, being an indicator of contamination for these bacteria. In conclusion, we observed that 8 out of 10 breweries studied showed contamination problems, highlighting the need to design prevention and control strategies in microbreweries.Fil: Latorre, Mailén Angelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales; ArgentinaFil: Bruzone, María Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales; ArgentinaFil: de Garcia, Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas; ArgentinaFil: Libkind Frati, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas; Argentin

UV spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of agomelatine in coated tablets

UV spectrophotometry is an analytical technique used routinely for qualitative and quantitative assay due the low cost and reliability during analysis. In this work, it was validated a quantitative UV method for determination of agomelatine in coated tablets. The parameters specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness were evaluated according to official guidelines. Methanol was selected as solvent and the maximum wavelength for drug analysis was 230 nm. The purposed assay showed to be specific and the linearity was proved in a range of 0.5 - 2.5 μg/mL. The RSD values obtained during precision assay (inter-day RSD = 1.75%) indicated the method reproducibility, and the accuracy testing showed good results from recovery test. Robustness assay was complementary and showed that the purposed method is adequate for drug quantitation in commercial samples, being a reliable alternative to chromatographic assay

Contribuição da atividade de situações problemas em adição e subtração como objeto educacional para alunos do Ensino Fundamental

From the question: in what way can problem solving promote the creative potential of children in the teaching process learning the contents of addition and subtraction operations in elementary education in specialized educational service? We present in this article a result of the educational product developed in a master's research, which brought as a proposal a didactic sequence supported by important reflections on the practice of the mathematics teacher that attends students with indicatives in high skills / giftedness. The objective is to present a didactic sequence based on the contributions of the activities of problem situations in creativity in the specialized educational service. If you want to explore the level advancement of student learning steps on orientations from a study driven using the Problem Situation Activity methodology based on Galperin's theory so that students would develop numeracy skills in solving problems with the operations of addition and subtraction thus contributing, in their intellectual independence and creative thinking. This proposal is based on a qualitative, quantitative approach, with a qualitative focus so that the descriptive analyzes based on the data collection made with questionnaires, interviews, and observation guides, would subsidize the entire research design. Having favorable results the learning of the group of students in the different stages of assimilation through the application of the actions of the first to the second level of creativity. In this way, it is desired to emphasize to teachers who work in elementary school in the mathematics discipline, a new look to teach and motivate students in their learning.A partir de la indagación: ¿de qué forma la resolución de problemas puede favorecer el potencial creativo de los niños en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de los contenidos de las operaciones de adición y sustracción en la enseñanza secundaria en la atendimiento educacional especializada? Se presenta en ese artículo resultado del producto educativo desarrollado en una investigación de maestría, que trajo como propuesta una secuencia didáctica amparada en reflexiones importantes sobre la práctica del profesor de matemáticas que atiende a alumnos con indicativos de altas habilidades / superdotación. El objetivo es presentar una secuencia didáctica a partir de las contribuciones de las actividades de situaciones problema en creatividad en el atendimiento educacional especializado. Se pretende explorar el avance de nivel de etapas en el aprendizaje de los alumnos sobre orientaciones de un estudio dirigido con el uso de la metodología de la Actividad de Situaciones Problema con base en la teoría de Galperin de modo que los alumnos desarrollen habilidades de cálculos numéricos en la resolución de problemas con las operaciones de adición y sustracción contribuyendo así, a su independencia intelectual y pensamiento creativo. Esta propuesta está sustentada en un abordaje cualitativo y cuantitativo, con enfoque cualitativo para que los análisis descriptivos a partir de las colectas de datos hechos con cuestionarios, entrevistas y guías de observaciones, subsidien todo el delineamiento de la investigación. Teniendo resultado favorable en el aprendizaje del grupo de alumnos en las diferentes etapas de asimilación mediante la aplicación de las acciones del primero al segundo nivel de creatividad. De esta forma, se desea destacar a los profesores que actúan en la enseñanza fundamental en la disciplina de matemáticas, una nueva mirada para enseñar y motivar a los alumnos en sus aprendizajes.A partir da indagação: de que forma a resolução de problemas pode favorecer o potencial criativo de crianças no processo ensino aprendizagem dos conteúdos das operações de adição e subtração no ensino fundamental no atendimento educacional especializado? Apresenta-se nesse artigo resultado do produto educacional desenvolvido em uma pesquisa de mestrado, que trouxe como proposta uma sequência didática amparada em reflexões importantes sobre a prática do professor de matemática aplicada aos alunos do sexto ano do ensino fundamental. O objetivo é apresentar uma sequência didática a partir das contribuições das atividades de situações problema em criatividade no atendimento educacional especializado. Se pretende explorar o avanço de nível de etapas de aprendizagem nos alunos sobre orientações de um estudo dirigido com o uso da metodologia da Atividade de Situações Problema com base na teoria de Galperin, de modo que os alunos desenvolvessem habilidades de cálculos numéricos na resolução de problemas com as operações de adição e subtração contribuindo assim, na sua independência intelectual e pensamento criativo. Essa proposta está sustentada numa abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, com enfoque qualitativo para que as análises descritivas a partir das coletas de dados feitas com questionários, entrevistas e guias de observações, subsidiassem todo o delineamento da pesquisa. Tendo resultado favorável a aprendizagem do grupo de alunos nas diferentes etapas de assimilação mediante a aplicação das ações do primeiro para o segundo nível de criatividade. Dessa forma, deseja-se destacar aos professores que atuam no ensino fundamental na disciplina de matemática, um novo olhar para ensinar e motivar os alunos em suas aprendizagens

Orientaciones disciplinarias y enfoques metodológicos en la Investigación Educativa de la UAEM

Publicación derivada del primer congreso internacional de investigación educativa organizado por la red de cuerpos académicos en investigación educativa adscrito en la facultad de geografía de la UAEM.A tres años de su creación la REDCAIE de la UAEM, celebra organizando el Primer Congreso Internacional de Investigación Educativa (CIIE), haciendo participe a sus más de 100 integrantes para colaborar con las experiencias en la indagación del proceso educativo desde las diferentes orientaciones disciplinares y los enfoques metodológicos. Derivado del CIIE, se integra el presente libro electrónico con 27 capítulos integrados en seis apartados que nos presentan de forma particular la investigación educativa en; las ciencias naturales y exactas, las ciencias de la salud, en las tecnologías en la información y comunicación, en el Nivel Medio Superior, Formación y Práctica Docente, así como un anexo sobre las experiencias en la asesoría de tesis sobre investigación educativa. De esta forma, el presente documento, da cuenta de un primer acercamiento al objeto de estudio de los procesos académicos y las prácticas institucionales de la REDACIE de la UAEM, atendiendo su misión de generar trabajo colaborativo interdisciplinario, interinstitucional e intercultural como una vía para aportar conocimiento significativo y relevante para profesionalizar la docencia universitaria y orientar la repercusión favorable de sus resultados en el aprendizaje y enseñanza de las ciencias.Facultad de Geografía, RedCA, DECYD, IESU