A Poisson Mixed Model with Nonnormal Random Effect Distribution

We propose in this paper a random intercept Poisson model in which the random effect distribution is assumed to follow a generalized log-gamma (GLG) distribution. We derive the first two moments for the marginal distribution as well as the intraclass correlation. Even though numerical integration methods are in general required for deriving the marginal models, we obtain the multivariate negative binomial model for a particular parameter setting of the hierarchical model. An iterative process is derived for obtaining the maximum likelihood estimates for the parameters in the multivariate negative binomial model. Residual analysis are proposed and two applications with real data are given for illustration.Comment: Submitted in the Computational Statistics & Data Analysis journa

Estudos taxonômicos do gênero "padina" adanson "dictyotaceae - phaeophyta" no litoral do estado da Bahia, Brasil

Estudos taxonómicos do género Padina Adanson (Dictyotaceae-Phaeophyta) no litoral do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Este estudo faz parte de um levantamento florístico de algas marinhas bentónicas do estado da Bahia, desenvolvida peía Universidade Federal da Bahia. Náo existe ainda no Brasil estudos taxonómicos que tratem exclusivamente deste genero. Através da análise de caracteres morfo-anatómicos foram reconhecidos e ilustrados quatro táxons: Padina antillarum (Kutzing) Piccone, P. boergesenii Allender & Krafy, P. aff. gymnnospora (Kutzing) Sonder e P. sanctae-crucis B0rgesen. Referencia da descri9~o original, basiónimo, descri~o morfológica, distribui~áo geográfica ao longo do litoral brasileiro, incluindo mapa e comentários taxonómicos foram apresentados para cada táxon estudado. Chaves dicotómicas para identifica9áo das espécies, bem como tabelas comparativas para cada táxon também sáo apresentadas

Food Retail as the Coordinator Agent of Food Supply Chain: Challenges and Opportunities for Reducing Loss and Waste

Reducing food loss and waste is part of the food security objectives, and there is plenty of research worldwide to try dealing with this issue. This article proposes a theoretical analysis of food loss and waste in light of the agribusiness system approach, having the value system as a whole at a strategic level. Retail is appointed as the coordinating agent for having consumption information: several studies addressing sustainability use this approac h. Some opportunities and challenges are pointed out, so that coordination can be promoted along the chain, engaged by their environment, along with strategies of agents in collaborative actions

Major approaches to antiseptic management for endodontic treatment in the COVID-19 pandemic: a guideline

Introduction: In the COVID-19 pandemic scenario, in addition to the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, microbial coinfection increases the difficulties of diagnosis, treatment, the prognosis of COVID-19, as well as it can worsen comorbidities and affect the risk of the life of patients. COVID-19 has had a profound impact on dentistry. In addition to endodontic treatment, a management protocol was suggested. Objective: To present the importance of effectively performing endodontic asepsis in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, to elucidate that infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus can lead to coinfection, worsening the conditions for endodontic treatment. Methods: The research was carried out from July 2021 to August 2021 and developed based on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar, following the Systematic Review-PRISMA rules. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results: A total of 70 articles were found involving the endodontic treatment and COVID-19. A total of 58 articles were evaluated in full and 39 were included and evaluated in the present study. It was found that ozone has high antimicrobial action. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has a potent effect against endodontic biofilms. Calcium hydroxide is more effective as a root canal disinfectant in primary teeth than formocresol and camphorphenol. The association of 2% chlorhexidine followed by ozone gas for 24 seconds promoted the complete elimination of Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. Low-intensity laser therapy has the property of oral sterilization, facilitating tissue healing and sterilization. Combining antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with antimicrobial irrigants may provide a synergistic effect. Conclusion: There are effective treatments for the sterilization of endodontic tissues, to avoid as much as possible the coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and the consequent worsening of the infectious condition, highlighting calcium hydroxide, ozone therapy, and laser therapy

A new interior-point approach for large two-stage stochastic problems

Two-stage stochastic models give rise to very large optimization problems. Several approaches havebeen devised for efficiently solving them, including interior-point methods (IPMs). However, usingIPMs, the linking columns associated to first-stage decisions cause excessive fill-in for the solutionof the normal equations. This downside is usually alleviated if variable splitting is applied to first-stage variables. This work presents a specialized IPM that applies variable splitting and exploits thestructure of the deterministic equivalent of the stochastic problem. The specialized IPM combinesCholesky factorizations and preconditioned conjugate gradients for solving the normal equations.This specialized IPM outperforms other approaches when the number of first-stage variables is largeenough. This paper provides computational results for two stochastic problems: (1) a supply chainsystem and (2) capacity expansion in an electric system. Both linear and convex quadratic formu-lations were used, obtaining instances of up to 38 million variables and six million constraints. Thecomputational results show that our procedure is more efficient than alternative state-of-the-art IPMimplementations (e.g., CPLEX) and other specialized solvers for stochastic optimizationPeer ReviewedPreprin

Endodontic treatment and retreatment: a large systematic review

Introduction: In the context of treatment endodontics, endodontic surgery encompasses various procedures for the treatment of teeth with a history of endodontic treatment failures, such as apical surgery, crown and root resections, surgical repair of perforations, and intentional replantation. Endodontic microsurgery is the evolution of traditional apicectomy techniques and incorporates high magnification, ultrasonic preparation of the root end, and filling of the root end with biocompatible materials. Objective: It was to carry out a vast literature review in a systematic way to show the main considerations of endodontic treatment and retreatment. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The research was carried out from September to November 2022 in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 120 articles were found, and 75 articles were evaluated and 35 were included in this systematic review. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 20 studies with a high risk of bias and 13 studies that did not meet GRADE. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with I2 =96.2% >50%. Modern endodontic surgery uses the dental operating microscope and cone beam computed tomography for preoperative diagnosis and treatment planning. In the presence of persistent endodontic lesions or endodontic failure, endodontic treatment or endodontic surgery is required. In the long term, the risk of failure is identical for both groups, with only a slightly higher risk of failure for non-surgical endodontic retreatments when only two years of follow-up are considered

Atitudes e conhecimentos dos estudantes do Ensino Superior Publico de Coimbra face á velhice – influencia de experiências de vida e académicas

Este estudio de investigación describe y compara actitudes y conocimientos sobre la vejez entre los estudiantes de Enseñanza Superior de Coimbra y la relación que cada uno de aquellos construye con las variables siguientes: el género, la edad, el curso, el nivel académico y las experiencias personales en el tiempo compartido con personas mayores. Una muestra de 592 estudiantes (el equivalente con el 1.8 % de la población total) fue seleccionada. Los instrumentos usados fueron: a) un cuestionario sociodemográfico; b) una escala semántica diferencial (Neri, 1991, 1995); y c) la Escala Palmore-Neri Cachioni, una versión del Palmore Aging Quiz (Harri, Changas y Palmore, 1996; Palmore, 1977). Del análisis de los resultados, destacamos: a) las actitudes positivas, sobre todo entre los estudiantes más mayores, las mujeres y aquellos que emplean más tiempo con la gente mayor; b) que los estudiantes matriculados en cursos de salud muestran actitudes más positivas y mayor conocimiento; y c) que actitud y conocimiento están positiva y considerablemente correlacionados.This research study describes and compares attitudes and knowledge on old age among higher education students of Coimbra and the relation of each of those constructs with the following variables: gender, age, course, academic and professional experiences and time spent with older people. A sample of 592 students (equivalent to 1.8 % of the total population) was selected. The instruments used were: a) a social-demographic questionnaire; b) a semantic differential scale (Neri, 1991, 1995); and c) the Palmore-Neri Cachioni scale, a version of the Palmore Aging Quiz (Harris, Changas & Palmore, 1996; Palmore, 1977). From the analysis of the results, we highlight: a) the positive attitudes, especially among older students, women and those who spend time with older people; b) that students enrolled in health courses show more positive attitudes and more knowledge; and c) that attitudes and knowledge are positively and significantly correlated.peerReviewe