O Inferno de Dante e a simbologia do sétimo círculo

O período do século XI ao XIII foi marcante para a expansão do inferno cristão. A crença no maligno aumentou o medo frente ao desconhecido e possibilitou a estruturação de um inferno punitivo. O poeta Dante Alighieri construiu uma geografia para o inferno, paraíso e purgatório cristão por meio das representações coletivas do homem medieval. Utilizaremos o conceito de representação para discutir a simbologia do inferno de Dante, focando na estrutura de seu sétimo círculo, onde são punidas as almas violentas.The period between XI to XIII century was remarkable for the expansion of Christian hell. The belief in evil increased the fear of unknown and enabled the structure of a punitive hell. The poet, Dante Alighieri, made a geography for Christian hell, paradise and purgatory by means of collective representations of medieval man. We'll use the concept of representation to discuss the symbolism of Dante's inferno, focusing in the structure of its seventh circle, where the violent souls are punished

ROSEMARY'S BABY: WITCHCRAFT, SECTS AND SORCERY IN THE 1960’s

Nosso objetivo consiste em analisar o filme O bebê de Rosemary (1968) dirigido por Roman Polanski, baseado em três temáticas: bruxaria, seitas e feitiçaria. Nossa abordagem está amparada na análise do filme enquanto documento histórico (NAPOLITANO, 2006) bem como na importância de analisarmos as representações coletivas (CHARTIER, 2002a) como formas de apropriação da realidade social. Também, relacionamos as temáticas presentes no referido filme, enquanto traduções de visões de mundo, carregadas de valores morais e éticos que traduzem a sociedade do período.  Para uma melhor organização do corpo textual, dividimos o mesmo em três partes: a biografia do diretor Roman Polanski, o filme e o contexto de sua produção e consequente relação com a história e, finalmente, a partir de bibliografia atinente às temáticas escolhidas, traçamos paralelos com o filme.Our objective is to analyze the movie Rosemary's Baby (1968) directed by Roman Polanski, based on three themes: witchcraft, sects and sorcery. Our approach is supported by the analysis of the film as a historical document (NAPOLITANO, 2006) and analyze the importance of collective representations (CHARTIER, 2002a) as forms of appropriation of social reality as well as to relate the themes present in this film, while translations of worldviews, laden with moral and ethic values ​​ that reflect the society of the period. For a better organization of the textual body, we divided the text into three parts: the biography of Director Roman Polanski, the film and the context of its production and consequent relationship to history and, finally, from bibliography regarding to the chosen themes, to draw parallels with the film

Devoções e santuários Marianos na História do Paraná

In this text, my intention to reflect on the possibility of addressing the local history from the relationship established between the Catholic Church and government in the constitution of cities in Parana, from the choice of their patron saints. The marian devotions came to Brazil with the Portuguese in the context of colonization and the consequent process of evangelization. A symbol of religiosity is strongly anchored in the role of protective mother, who at certain times "appears" to alert his devotees about the dangers of the world, this devotion was appropriated by the ecclesiastical authorities and their need to submit an official memory in line with a project deployment and maintenance of social and political order. One of the consequences of this strategy is the ecclesiastic to establish the Virgin as patron of the country, states and municipalities. In this context the counties have two dates to celebrate their existence: their foundation and that of his patron. In Paraná State, to three hundred ninety-nine existing municipalities, one hundred sixty and four have as patronesses, the multiple names of the Virgin Mary and the shrine of their patron saintofficial, Nossa Senhora do Rocio since 1977.Neste texto objetivo refletir acerca da possibilidade de abordar a história local a partir da relação estabelecida entre a Igreja católica e o poder público no processo de constituição das cidades no Paraná, a partir da escolha de seus santos padroeiros. As devoções marianas chegaram ao Brasil com os portugueses no contexto da colonização e consequente processo de evangelização. Símbolo de uma religiosidade fortemente ancorada no papel da mãe protetora, que em determinados períodos “aparece” para alertar seus devotos acerca dos perigos do mundo, esta devoção foi apropriada pela autoridade eclesiástica e sua necessidade de apresentar uma memória oficial em sintonia com um projeto de implantação e manutenção da ordem social e política. Um dos desdobramentos desta estratégia eclesiástica é a de instituir a Virgem como padroeira do País, dos Estados e dos Municípios. Neste contexto os municípios possuem duas datas para comemoram sua existência: a de sua fundação e a de seu padroeiro. No Estado do Paraná, dos trezentos e noventa e nove municípios existentes, cento e sessenta e quatro têm como Padroeiras, as múltiplas denominações da Virgem Maria, como também abriga o santuário de sua padroeira oficial, Nossa Senhora do Rocio desde 1977.&nbsp

Relationship between methods of training load quantification based on perception of effort and heart rate in young futsal players

The aims of this study were to verify the association between the methods of training load quantification session-RPE and training impulse -proposed by Lucia (LuciaTRIMP) -and to describe the training intensity distribution in under-18 semi-professional futsal. Fifteen male players (mean and SD; age: 17 ± 1 years; body mass: 70.4 ± 6.5 kg; height: 175 ± 4 cm and BMI 23 ± 2 kg.m²) performed an incremental treadmill test to determine the ventilatory threshold (VT), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Only eight athletes had their training loads quantified by means of session-RPE and Lucia methods over a total of 78 training sessions before the main competition of the season. High to almost perfect correlations (r = 0.64 - 0.91) were found between session-RPE and LuciaTRIMP methods. The distribution of the training intensity was, respectively, 76, 18 e 6% of training duration below VT (zone 1), between VT and RCP (zone 2), and above RCP (zone 3). The session-RPE method was highly associated with an objective method of training load quantification. Furthermore, the training sessions of a semi-professional under-18 futsal team showed a decreasing training intensity distribution.Os objetivos do estudo foram verificar a associação entre os métodos de quantificação da carga de treinamento, PSE da sessão e impulso de treinamento proposto por Lucía (LuciaTRIMP) e descrever a distribuição da intensidade de treinamento no futsal semiprofissional da categoria sub 18. Quinze jogadores (média e DP; idade: 17 ± 1 ano; massa corporal: 70,4 ± 6,5 kg; estatura: 175 ± 4 cm e IMC 23 ± 2 kg.m-2) foram submetidos a um teste de corrida incremental para determinar o limiar ventilatório (LVmax), o ponto de compensação respiratória (PCR) e o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max). Apenas oito atletas foram monitorados por meio dos métodos PSE da sessão e LuciaTRIMP durante 78 sessões de treinamento antes da principal competição da temporada. Foram encontradas correlações individuais de magnitudes alta a quase perfeita (r = 0,64 - 0,91) entre os métodos PSE da sessão e LuciaTRIMP. O padrão de distribuição da intensidade de treinamento foi 76, 18 e 6% do tempo abaixo do LV (zona 1), entre LV e PCR (zona 2) e acima do PCR (zona 3), respectivamente. O método PSE da sessão se mostrou altamente relacionado com um método objetivo de quantificação da carga de treinamento. Além disso, as sessões de treinamento de uma equipe de futsal semiprofissional da categoria sub 18 apresentaram um padrão decrescente de distribuição das intensidades de treinamento

Diagnostic accuracy of a noninvasive hepatic ultrasound score for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Noninvasive strategies for evaluating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been investigated over the last few decades. Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a new hepatic ultrasound score for NAFLD in the ELSA-Brasil study. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Diagnostic accuracy study conducted in the ELSA center, in the hospital of a public university. METHODS: Among the 15,105 participants of the ELSA study who were evaluated for NAFLD, 195 individuals were included in this sub-study. Hepatic ultrasound was performed (deep beam attenuation, hepatorenal index and anteroposterior diameter of the right hepatic lobe) and compared with the hepatic steatosis findings from 64-channel high-resolution computed tomography (CT). We also evaluated two clinical indices relating to NAFLD: the fatty liver index (FLI) and the hepatic steatosis index (HSI). RESULTS: Among the 195 participants, the NAFLD frequency was 34.4%. High body mass index, high waist circumference, diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia were associated with high hepatic attenuation and large anteroposterior diameter of the right hepatic lobe, but not with the hepatorenal index. The hepatic ultrasound score, based on hepatic attenuation and the anteroposterior diameter of the right hepatic lobe, presented the best performance for NAFLD screening at the cutoff point ≥ 1 point; sensitivity: 85.1%; specificity: 73.4%; accuracy: 79.3%; and area under the curve (AUC 0.85; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.78-0.91)]. FLI and HSI presented lower performance (AUC 0.76; 95% CI: 0.69-0.83) than CT. CONCLUSION: The hepatic ultrasound score based on hepatic attenuation and the anteroposterior diameter of the right hepatic lobe has good reproducibility and accuracy for NAFLD screening

Diagnostic accuracy of a noninvasive hepatic ultrasound score for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Noninvasive strategies for evaluating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been investigated over the last few decades. Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a new hepatic ultrasound score for NAFLD in the ELSA-Brasil study.DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Diagnostic accuracy study conducted in the ELSA center, in the hospital of a public university.METHODS: Among the 15,105 participants of the ELSA study who were evaluated for NAFLD, 195 individuals were included in this sub-study. Hepatic ultrasound was performed (deep beam attenuation, hepatorenal index and anteroposterior diameter of the right hepatic lobe) and compared with the hepatic steatosis findings from 64-channel high-resolution computed tomography (CT). We also evaluated two clinical indices relating to NAFLD: the fatty liver index (FLI) and the hepatic steatosis index (HSI).RESULTS: Among the 195 participants, the NAFLD frequency was 34.4%. High body mass index, high waist circumference, diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia were associated with high hepatic attenuation and large anteroposterior diameter of the right hepatic lobe, but not with the hepatorenal index. The hepatic ultrasound score, based on hepatic attenuation and the anteroposterior diameter of the right hepatic lobe, presented the best performance for NAFLD screening at the cutoff point ≥ 1 point; sensitivity: 85.1%; specificity: 73.4%; accuracy: 79.3%; and area under the curve (AUC 0.85; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.78-0.91)]. FLI and HSI presented lower performance (AUC 0.76; 95% CI: 0.69-0.83) than CT.CONCLUSION: The hepatic ultrasound score based on hepatic attenuation and the anteroposterior diameter of the right hepatic lobe has good reproducibility and accuracy for NAFLD screening