Surface Morphology Alterations In Bovine Dentin Exposed To Different Bleaching Agents

Aim: This study evaluated the morphological changes caused by internal bleaching agents on dentin surface. Methods: Twenty crowns of bovine incisors were cut into slabs that were randomly distributed in six experimental groups (n = 5), according to the bleaching agent used: G1 – sodium perborate + water, G2 – sodium perborate + 2% chlorhexidine gel, G3 – sodium perborate + 30% hydrogen peroxide, G4 – 30% hydrogen peroxide, G5 – 37% carbamide peroxide and G6 – gel base without carbamide. Two Control Groups were used: C1 with distilled water and C2 with 2% chlorhexidine gel. The specimens were immersed in the respective test bleaching agent and incubated at 37 °C for seven days. Following, they were prepared for scanning electron microscopy and five images from each tooth segment were recorded and analyzed for surface morphological alterations, by three previously calibrated examiners. Inter-examiner agreement was verified using the Kappa test. The rank averages obtained for the groups were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance at 5% significance level. Results: The analysis of the scores obtained indicated that all tested materials caused some morphological alteration on dentin, except for sodium perborate + water (G1) and Control Groups 1 and 2. Hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide caused significantly more severe alterations (p < 0.05) to dentin structure, than the other bleaching agents evaluated. Conclusions: Sodium perborate-based pastes seemed to be the most harmless agent to dentin structures in non-vital tooth bleaching, while hydrogen peroxide solutions and carbamide peroxide agents caused the greatest alterations.8125-2

A PARTICIPAÇÃO DOS ESTUDANTES COM SÍNDROME DE DOWN NAS AULAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR: PERSPECTIVA DAS MÃES

The inclusion of students with Down Syndrome in the regular school system is a right assured by law. Therefore, Physical Education teachers must also include Down Syndrome students in school. This study sought to identify the perspective of mothers of students with Down Syndrome about physical education lessons and identify the factors that they consider to be relevant for the development of inclusive teaching. An exploratory, qualitative research was carried out. Eleven mothers of Down Syndrome students from the public schools of Cuiabá - MT participated in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The results show that mothers of Down Syndrome students wish for equality in physical education classes and for qualified teachers committed to fulfilling the pedagogical needs of their children and developing their physical, social, and psychological health.La inclusión de los alumnos con Síndrome de Down en la red educativa oficial un derecho adquirido por ley. Por lo tanto, también corresponde al profesor de Educación Física el papel de incluir a los alumnos con Síndrome de Down en la escuela. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la perspectiva de las madres de alumnos con Síndrome de Down sobre las clases de educación física y también identificar los factores que consideran relevantes para el desarrollo de una educación física inclusiva. Se llevó a cabo una investigación exploratoria cualitativa. Once madres de alumnos con Síndrome de Down matriculados en escuelas públicas de Cuiabá-MT participaron en este estudio. El instrumento de recolección de datos fue un cuestionario semiabierto. Los resultados indican que las madres aspiran a la igualdad en las clases de educación física y anhelan profesores formados y comprometidos con el conocimiento de las necesidades pedagógicas de sus hijos y su desarrollo de su salud física, psicológica y social.A inclusão de alunos com Síndrome de Down na rede regular de ensino é um direito adquirido por lei. Assim, também cabe ao professor(a) de educação física, o papel de incluir os alunos com Síndrome de Down na escola. Este estudo buscou investigar qual a perspectiva das mães de alunos com Síndrome de Down sobre as aulas de educação física e, ainda, identificar os fatores que as mesmas consideram relevantes para o desenvolvimento de uma educação física inclusiva. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório. Participaram deste estudo onze mães de alunos com Síndrome de Down matriculados em escolas públicas de Cuiabá-MT. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi o questionário semiaberto. Os resultados apontam que as mães almejam a igualdade nas aulas de educação física e anseiam por professores capacitados e empenhados em conhecer as necessidades pedagógicas de seus filhos (as) e desenvolver a saúde física, psicológica e social dos mesmos

Estudo de Fungos Queratinofílicos Geofílicos em Praças Públicas de Jaboticabal-SP

Considering the use of public parks as a source of leisure for the population, who maintain an intense and direct contact with the ground, which is a potential source of contamination by different causative agents of mycosis, the purpose of the research was to identify genera of keratinophilic geophilic fungi in the soil of squares in Jaboticabal-SP. 60 soil samples from 15 public squares, and 4 samples of each square were selected and collected. To isolate the soil fungi, we used the method of Vanbreuseghem (1952), modified by Machado (1977). Later the fungi were cultivated in Petri dishes containing Sabouraud Agar added to chloramphenicol, and were incubated at room temperature for about ten days. The grown colonies were isolated in test tubes to obtain pure culture. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses of isolated colonies were made and they were identified at a gender level with the aid of an identification guide. From 60 soil samples collected, 39 were positive for keratinophilic fungi, of which 90 fungic colonies were isolated, being identified the genera Penicillium spp. Fonsecaea spp., Rhizopus spp., Microsporum spp., Fusarium spp., Phialophora spp., Aspergillus spp., Acremonium spp., Nigrospora spp., Trichoderma spp., Bipolaris spp., Aureobasidium spp., Curvularia spp., Mucor spp. and Mycelia sterilia. The results allowed us to conclude that these soils represent a diverse microflora capable of degrading keratin substrates, allowing an assessment of the epidemiological potential represented by the soil in the squares of the city of Jaboticabal-SP.Considerando o uso das praças públicas como recurso de lazer pela população, as quais mantêm um contato intenso e direto com o solo, que é uma fonte potencial de contaminação por diferentes agentes causadores de micose, visou-se identificar gêneros de fungos queratinofílicos geofílicos no solo de praças de Jaboticabal - SP. Foram selecionadas e coletadas 60 amostras de solo de 15 praças públicas, sendo 4 amostras de cada praça. Para isolar os fungos do solo, foi utilizado o método de Vanbreuseghem (1952), modificado por Machado (1977). Posteriormente os fungos foram cultivados em placas de Petri contendo Agar Sabouraud acrescido de Cloranfenicol, sendo estas incubadas em temperatura ambiente por aproximadamente dez dias. As colônias crescidas foram isoladas em tubos de ensaio para obtenção de cultura pura. Foram feitas análises macroscópicas e microscópicas das colônias isoladas, identificadas em nível de gênero com o auxílio de um guia de identificação. Das 60 amostras de solo coletadas, 39 apresentaram positividade para fungos queratinofílicos, das quais foram isoladas 90 colônias fúngicas, sendo identificados os gêneros Penicillium spp., Fonsecaea spp., Rhizopus spp., Microsporum spp., Fusarium spp., Phialophora spp., Aspergillus spp., Acremonium spp., Nigrospora spp., Trichoderma spp., Bipolaris spp., Aureobasidium spp., Curvularia spp., Mucor spp., além de Mycelia sterilia. Os resultados permitiram concluir que estes solos representam uma microbiota diversificada com capacidade de degradar substratos de queratina,permitindo uma avaliação do potencial epidemiológico representado pelos solos nas praças do Município de Jaboticabal-SP

Apexification with a New Intra-Canal Medicament: A Multidisciplinary Case Report

Dental trauma generally requires multidisciplinary planning and treatment for good prognosis. When immature teeth are traumatized to a degree where pulp necrosis ensues, the objective of root canal treatment should be apexogenesis and root maturation. Apexification of the root is the conventional choice, which involves cleaning the canal and filling it with a temporary medication that stimulates the formation of a calcific apical barrier. Dental Trauma Service of Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil employs a dressing for apexification treatments with calcium hydroxide, chlorhexidine gel 2% and zinc oxide. This paper reports the case of a dental trauma of the maxillary central incisors and subluxation on teeth 11, 12 and 21 that were treated with multidisciplinary collaboration (Endodontics, Periodontology and Operative Dentistry) to improve prognosis. After five-years there were no pathological conditions and the teeth showed every evidences of success

O IMPACTO DA PANDEMIA NA SAÚDE MENTAL: UM OLHAR SOBRE O PONTO DE VISTA DA SAÚDE DO TRABALHADOR

In 2020, the world began a processofhealthcrisisdueto a familyofvirusescalledCoronaviridaethat cause respiratoryinfections, triggeringthediseasecalled COVID-19, whichis a rapidlyandeasily spread respiratorysyndrome. It wasinitiallydetected in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. The rapidprocessofcontagionsandinfectionscausedthe WHO toraisethe status ofthediseaseto a pandemic, alongwiththealert came the social isolationthataimedtoreduce cases of mortality andinfections. Thisarticleexposesandreportsthecomplicationsandimpactsofthepandemiconthe mental healthofthepopulation, emphasizingthosemostmentallyaffectedsuch as healthprofessionals, students, workersandtheelderly. Withthequarantineadopted in all countries, several feelings begantobedevelopedbythepopulationsuch as loneliness, depression, anxietyandpanic, thecontrolmeasuresassociatedwith false information, andtheabsenceof a proveneffectiveand safe treatment, makes thepopulationexperiencemomentsofuncertaintyanddoubtswithfearoftheunknown, in additiontounemployment rates thathaverisenduetothelackofresourcesthatcompaniesandinstitutionshad. The threephasesofcrisis in thepandemic determine, stepbystep, the mental impairmentofindividuals, wherethey are thepre-crisisthatisconsideredtheinitialphase, theintra-crisisthatistheintermediatephasewherethecollapse in publichealth in Brazilisalreadyinstalled, andthelastphasecalled post-crisiswhich are thesequels in post wave mental health.En 2020, el mundo comenzó un proceso de crisis sanitaria debido a una familia de virus llamados Coronaviridae que causan infecciones respiratorias, desencadenando la enfermedad llamada COVID-19, que es un síndrome respiratorio de rápida y fácil propagación. Se detectó inicialmente a fines de 2019 en Wuhan, China. El rápido proceso de contagio provocó que la OMS elevara el estatus de la enfermedad a pandemia, junto con una advertencia llegó el aislamiento social que apuntaba a reducir los casos de mortalidad e infecciones. Este artículo informa sobre las complicaciones e impactos de la pandemia en la salud mental de la población, destacando a los más afectados mentalmente, como profesionales de la salud, estudiantes, trabajadores y ancianos. Con la cuarentena adoptada en todos los países, se comenzaron a desarrollar varios sentimientos por parte de la población como la soledad, la depresión, la ansiedad y el pánico, las medidas de control asociadas a la información falsa, y la ausencia de un tratamiento eficaz y seguro comprobado, provoca que la población experimente momentos de incertidumbre y dudas con miedo a lo desconocido, además de las tasas de desempleo que han aumentado debido a la falta de recursos que presentaban las empresas e instituciones. Las tres fases de crisis en la pandemia determinan paso a paso para el deterioro mental de los individuos, donde es la precrisis la que se considera la fase inicial, la intracrisis que es la fase intermedia donde ya está instalado el colapso de la salud pública en Brasil.Em 2020, o mundo iniciou um processo de crise na saúde devido a uma família de vírus chamada Coronaviridae que causam infecções respiratórias, desencadeando a doença chamada de COVID-19, que é uma síndrome respiratória de rápida e fácil propagação. Foi detectada incialmente no fim de 2019 em Wuhan, na China. O rápido processo de contágios fizeram com que a OMS elevasse o status da doença para pandemia, junto com alerta chegou o isolamento social que tinha como objetivo a redução dos casos de mortalidade e infeções. Esse artigo relata as complicações e impactos da pandemia sobre a saúde mental da população, frisando os mais afetados mentalmente como os profissionais da área de saúde, estudantes, trabalhadores e idosos. Com a quarentena adotada em todos os países, vários sentimentos começaram a ser desenvolvidos pela população como solidão, depressão, ansiedade e pânico, as medidas de controle associadas às informações falsas, e à ausência de um tratamento comprovadamente eficaz e seguro, faz com que a população vivencie momentos de incertezas e dúvidas com medo do desconhecido, além das taxas de desemprego que subiram devido à falta de recurso que as empresas e instituição apresentavam. As três fases de crise na pandemia determinam passo a passo para comprometimento mental dos indivíduos, onde são a pré-crise que é considerada a fase inicial, a intracrise que é a fase intermediária onde o colapso na saúde pública do Brasil já está instalado, e a última fase chamada de pós-crise que são as sequelas na saúde mental pós onda

O IMPACTO DA PANDEMIA NA SAÚDE MENTAL: UM OLHAR SOBRE O PONTO DE VISTA DA SAÚDE DO TRABALHADOR

In 2020, the world began a processofhealthcrisisdueto a familyofvirusescalledCoronaviridaethat cause respiratoryinfections, triggeringthediseasecalled COVID-19, whichis a rapidlyandeasily spread respiratorysyndrome. It wasinitiallydetected in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. The rapidprocessofcontagionsandinfectionscausedthe WHO toraisethe status ofthediseaseto a pandemic, alongwiththealert came the social isolationthataimedtoreduce cases of mortality andinfections. Thisarticleexposesandreportsthecomplicationsandimpactsofthepandemiconthe mental healthofthepopulation, emphasizingthosemostmentallyaffectedsuch as healthprofessionals, students, workersandtheelderly. Withthequarantineadopted in all countries, several feelings begantobedevelopedbythepopulationsuch as loneliness, depression, anxietyandpanic, thecontrolmeasuresassociatedwith false information, andtheabsenceof a proveneffectiveand safe treatment, makes thepopulationexperiencemomentsofuncertaintyanddoubtswithfearoftheunknown, in additiontounemployment rates thathaverisenduetothelackofresourcesthatcompaniesandinstitutionshad. The threephasesofcrisis in thepandemic determine, stepbystep, the mental impairmentofindividuals, wherethey are thepre-crisisthatisconsideredtheinitialphase, theintra-crisisthatistheintermediatephasewherethecollapse in publichealth in Brazilisalreadyinstalled, andthelastphasecalled post-crisiswhich are thesequels in post wave mental health.En 2020, el mundo comenzó un proceso de crisis sanitaria debido a una familia de virus llamados Coronaviridae que causan infecciones respiratorias, desencadenando la enfermedad llamada COVID-19, que es un síndrome respiratorio de rápida y fácil propagación. Se detectó inicialmente a fines de 2019 en Wuhan, China. El rápido proceso de contagio provocó que la OMS elevara el estatus de la enfermedad a pandemia, junto con una advertencia llegó el aislamiento social que apuntaba a reducir los casos de mortalidad e infecciones. Este artículo informa sobre las complicaciones e impactos de la pandemia en la salud mental de la población, destacando a los más afectados mentalmente, como profesionales de la salud, estudiantes, trabajadores y ancianos. Con la cuarentena adoptada en todos los países, se comenzaron a desarrollar varios sentimientos por parte de la población como la soledad, la depresión, la ansiedad y el pánico, las medidas de control asociadas a la información falsa, y la ausencia de un tratamiento eficaz y seguro comprobado, provoca que la población experimente momentos de incertidumbre y dudas con miedo a lo desconocido, además de las tasas de desempleo que han aumentado debido a la falta de recursos que presentaban las empresas e instituciones. Las tres fases de crisis en la pandemia determinan paso a paso para el deterioro mental de los individuos, donde es la precrisis la que se considera la fase inicial, la intracrisis que es la fase intermedia donde ya está instalado el colapso de la salud pública en Brasil.Em 2020, o mundo iniciou um processo de crise na saúde devido a uma família de vírus chamada Coronaviridae que causam infecções respiratórias, desencadeando a doença chamada de COVID-19, que é uma síndrome respiratória de rápida e fácil propagação. Foi detectada incialmente no fim de 2019 em Wuhan, na China. O rápido processo de contágios fizeram com que a OMS elevasse o status da doença para pandemia, junto com alerta chegou o isolamento social que tinha como objetivo a redução dos casos de mortalidade e infeções. Esse artigo relata as complicações e impactos da pandemia sobre a saúde mental da população, frisando os mais afetados mentalmente como os profissionais da área de saúde, estudantes, trabalhadores e idosos. Com a quarentena adotada em todos os países, vários sentimentos começaram a ser desenvolvidos pela população como solidão, depressão, ansiedade e pânico, as medidas de controle associadas às informações falsas, e à ausência de um tratamento comprovadamente eficaz e seguro, faz com que a população vivencie momentos de incertezas e dúvidas com medo do desconhecido, além das taxas de desemprego que subiram devido à falta de recurso que as empresas e instituição apresentavam. As três fases de crise na pandemia determinam passo a passo para comprometimento mental dos indivíduos, onde são a pré-crise que é considerada a fase inicial, a intracrise que é a fase intermediária onde o colapso na saúde pública do Brasil já está instalado, e a última fase chamada de pós-crise que são as sequelas na saúde mental pós onda

Three-Year Clinical Follow-Up of Children Intrauterine Exposed to Zika Virus

Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection may present with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Some sequelae, particularly neurodevelopmental problems, may have a later onset. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 799 high-risk pregnant women who were followed up until delivery. Eighty-three women and/or newborns were considered ZIKV exposed and/or infected. Laboratory diagnosis was made by polymerase chain reaction in the pregnant mothers and their respective newborns, as well as Dengue virus, Chikungunya virus, and ZIKV serology. Serology for toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and syphilis infections were also performed in microcephalic newborns. The newborns included in the study were followed up until their third birthday. Developmental delay was observed in nine patients (13.2%): mild cognitive delay in three patients, speech delay in three patients, autism spectrum disorder in two patients, and severe neurological abnormalities in one microcephalic patient; sensorineural hearing loss, three patients and dysphagia, six patients. Microcephaly due to ZIKV occurred in three patients (3.6%). Clinical manifestations can appear after the first year of life in children infected/exposed to ZIKV, emphasizing the need for long-term follow-up

Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Memory and Reflex Maturation in Rats Treated During Early Life

In the critical period of neurodevelopment (gestation and lactation), maternal consumption of essential fatty acids (FAs) can alter the offspring cognitive function permanently causing damage. Lipids can regulate neurotrophin and compose brain tissue. However, the effects of maternal consumption of a mixture of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on an offspring nervous system are not completely clear. We aimed to investigate the impacts of different CLA concentrations mixed into the maternal diet during early life on neonatal reflex maturation and cognitive functions of the offspring. Three groups were formed: control (CG): receiving a standard diet; CLA1: receiving a diet containing 1% of CLA, and CLA3: receiving a diet containing 3% of CLA, offered during gestation and lactation. After birth, the reflex responses of the offspring were observed from the 1st to the 21st day. After weaning, the animals’ anxiety and memory were assessed using open field (OF) and novel object recognition tests. Fatty acids in the breast milk and the offspring’s brain were also quantified. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal–Wallis test. CLA1 presented accelerated palmar grasp disappearance versus CLA3 and negative-geotaxis versus CG; and the CLA3 presented increases for most reflexes (cliff-avoidance, vibrissa-placing, negative-geotaxis, and auditory-startle response), and decrease in reflexes palmar grasp and free-fall righting versus CG (p &lt; 0.05). CLA3 group explored less of the OF in the second exposure. CLA1 and CLA3 presented an increased exploration ratio for new objects, which indicates memory improvement. The milk tested from CLA3 demonstrated an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and a decrease in monounsaturated fatty acids. The amount of CLA in milk was greater in CLA1 and CLA3 and in the brain offspring both presented moderated amounts of CLA. Maternal treatment with the CLA mixture induced anticipated reflex maturation and improved memory in the offspring. Even though CLA was detected in the brains in only trace amounts, offspring’s brain PUFA and SFA levels were increased. Further studies aimed to delineate the effect of maternal CLA supplementation on offspring’s brain lipid metabolism and long-term neurologic outcome are needed to confirm these findings

Zika virus exposure affects neuron-glia communication in the hippocampal slices of adult rats

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy was associated with microcephaly in neonates, but clinical and experimental evidence indicate that ZIKV also causes neurological complications in adults. However, the changes in neuron-glial communication, which is essential for brain homeostasis, are still unknown. Here, we report that hippocampal slices from adult rats exposed acutely to ZIKV showed significant cellular alterations regarding to redox homeostasis, inflammatory process, neurotrophic functions and molecular signalling pathways associated with neurons and glial cells. Our findings support the hypothesis that ZIKV is highly neurotropic and its infection readily induces an inflammatory response, characterized by an increased expression and/or release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We also observed changes in neural parameters, such as adenosine receptor A2a expression, as well as in the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neuron-specific enolase, indicating plasticity synaptic impairment/neuronal damage. In addition, ZIKV induced a glial commitment, with alterations in specific and functional parameters such as aquaporin 4 expression, S100B secretion and glutathione synthesis. ZIKV also induced p21 senescence-associated gene expression, indicating that ZIKV may induce early senescence. Taken together, our results indicate that ZIKV-induced neuroinflammation, involving nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) pathways, affects important aspects of neuron-glia communication. Therefore, although ZIKV infection is transient, long-term consequences might be associated with neurological and/or neurodegenerative diseases