Microcrédito em Santo Antão : repensando estratégias de desenvolvimento e inclusão

Tendo como pano de fundo as estratégias de intervenção e o contexto político-institucional de quatro instituições de microfinanças (IMF) em Santo Antão, Cabo Verde (Organização das Mulheres de Cabo Verde, Associação de Mutualista de Santo Antão, Cáritas de Cabo Verde e Associação Cabo-verdiana de Autopromoção da Mulher), bem como os reais desafios de luta contra a pobreza e exclusão social que o país continua a enfrentar, o presente estudo pretende considerar a otica de dois intervenientes (agentes de microcrédito/líderes associativos e microempresários) com vista à compreensão dos contributos da ferramenta do microcrédito para a concretização eficaz de processos de inclusão dos microempresários beneficiários, bem como para o desenvolvimento local das comunidades abrangentes. Recorrer-se-á, para o efeito, à análise de conceitos como pobreza, exclusão, economia social, desenvolvimento local e sustentável e empowerment que pretendem, de forma sistémica, analisar profundamente a praxis profissional das IMF e proporcionar uma reflexão académica dos processos de inclusão e desenvolvimento em Santo Antão permitindo, assim, identificar potencialidades e constrangimentos, bem como formular propostas que promovam respostas inovadoras aos desafios da população em situação de pobreza em Santo Antão.Considering the intervention strategies and the political-institutional context of four microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Santo Antão, Cape Verde (Organização das Mulheres de Cabo Verde, Associação de Mutualista de Santo Antão, Cáritas de Cabo Verde e Associação Cabo-verdiana de Autopromoção da Mulher), as well as the real challenges of combating poverty and social exclusion that the country continues to face, this study intends to consider the perspective of two actors (microcredit agents / association leaders and microentrepreneurs) with view to understand the contributions of microcredit for effective microentrepreneurs beneficiaries social inclusion as well as for the local development of the communities. It will be used for this purpose, the analysis of concepts such as poverty, exclusion, social economy, local and sustainable development and empowerment that pretend, in a systemic way, analyze the professional praxis of MFI and provide an academic reflection of inclusion and development processes in Santo Antão allowing, thus, to identify potential and constraints, and to formulate proposals that promote innovative responses to the challenges of population in poverty in Santo Antão

TRANSEXUALIDADES: CONSIDERAÇÕES PSICANALÍTICAS A PARTIR DO FILME "A GAROTA DINAMARQUESA"

O presente trabalho é resultado das discussões do Grupo de Estudos Psicanalíticos (GEPSI) e do Projeto de extensão CINE PSI - uma articulação entre cinema e psicanálise, e propõe-se discutir o fenômeno da transexualidade que diz respeito a uma auto-afirmação identitária do sujeito em relação de não sintonia com seu gênero que foi designado socialmente com base em seu sexo biológico. Para isso foi realizada uma pesquisa de revisão sistemática de literatura sobre o tema em questão e uma análise e discussão sobre o filme A garota dinamarquesa. Objetiva-se, com isso, evidenciar a partir da psicanálise, o corpo imaginário, simbólico e real, bem como os processos onde a transexualidade se coloca enquanto uma das possibilidades da identidade de gênero. Nesse sentido, se faz relevante compreender o sujeito sob um prisma multidimensional, uma vez que a psicanálise e demais saberes, devem potencializar uma prática transdisciplinar considerando as vozes e experiências de transexuais e travestis para não reproduzir uma lógica patológica das transidentidades

Impact of COVID‐19 on professional nursing practice environments and patient safety culture

Aim: To analyse the impact of COVID-19 on professional nursing practice environments and patient safety culture. Background: The relationship between work environments and patient safety has been internationally recognized. In 2020, the pandemic imposed enormous challenges, yet the impact on these variables remains unknown. Method: This is a quantitative observational study, conducted in a Portuguese hospital, with 403 registered nurses. A self-completion questionnaire was used. Results: The impact on the Structure and Outcome components of nursing professional practice environments was positive. Although the Process component remained favourable to quality of care, a negative trend was confirmed in almost all dimensions. The results regarding safety culture showed weaknesses; ‘teamwork within units’ was the only dimension that maintained a positive culture. Conclusion: Positive responses regarding patient safety were significantly associated with the quality of the nursing professional practice environment. The need to invest in all dimensions of safety culture emerges to promote positive professional environments. Implications for nursing management: Improving professional nursing practice environments can be achieved through managers’ investment in the participation and involvement of nurses in the policies and functioning of institutions, as well as promoting an open, fair and participatory safety culture that encourages reporting events and provides adequate support for professionals.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The COVID-19 pandemic and professional nursing practice in the context of hospitals

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed challenges to health systems and institutions, which had to quickly create conditions to meet the growing health needs of the population. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on professional nursing practice environments and to identify the variables that affected their quality. Quantitative, observational study, conducted in 16 Portuguese hospitals, with 1575 nurses. Data were collected using a questionnaire and participants responded to two different moments in time: the pre-pandemic period and after the fourth critical period of COVID-19. The pandemic had a positive impact on the Structure and Outcome components, and a negative trend in the Process component. The variables associated with the qualification of the components and their dimensions were predominantly: work context, the exercise of functions in areas of assistance to COVID-19 patients, length of professional experience and length of experience in the service. The investment in professional practice environments impacted the improvement of organizational factors, supporting the development of nurses’ work towards the quality of care. However, it is necessary to invest in nurses’ participation, involvement and professional qualifications, which are aspects strongly dependent on the institutions’ management strategies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Qualidade do carvão vegetal produzido a partir da madeira do cafeeiro, para usobioenergético

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of charcoal from Coffea arabica L., for bioenergy purposes, using three existing cultivation systems in the South of Minas Gerais (natural agroforestry, organic and conventional) and two cultivars (Mundo Novo and Catuaí). Univariate and multivariate statistical techniques were used, besides the identification of mineral components for the selection and evaluation of the quality from coffee charcoal. The following properties were quantified in charcoal: apparent relative density, actual relative density, immediate chemical composition (volatiles, ash and fixed carbon), fixed carbon stock, energy densities, porosity, heating values; besides carbonization yields. The charcoal of the cultivar Catuaí, with organic and conventional systems, stood out for steel and energy use, mainly by the higher values of apparent relative density, energy densities, fixed carbon stock and yields in charcoal and in fixed carbon. The effect of cultivar on apparent relative density was responsible for the formation of a similar group between the wood charcoal from organic and conventional systems for cultivar Catuaí. Coffee charcoal from the conventional system showed the best K/Ca ratio. It is therefore best suited to be used as fuel in boilers, gasifiers and other energy conversion systems.Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a qualidade do carvão vegetal de Coffea arabica L. para fins bioenergéticos, utilizando três sistemas de cultivo existentes no Sul de Minas Gerais (natural agroflorestal, orgânico e convencional) e duas cultivares (Mundo Novo e Catuaí). Foram utilizadas as técnicas estatísticas univariada e multivariada, além da identificação dos componentes minerais para seleção e avaliação da qualidade do carvão vegetal do cafeeiro. No carvão vegetal, foram quantificadas as seguintes propriedades: densidade relativa aparente, densidade relativa verdadeira, composição química imediata, estoque de carbono fixo, densidades energéticas, porosidade, poderes caloríficos; além dos rendimentos da carbonização. O carvão vegetal da cultivar Catuaí, dos sistemas orgânico e convencional, destacou-se para o uso siderúrgico e energético, principalmente, pelos maiores valores de densidade relativa aparente, densidades energéticas, estoque em carbono fixo e rendimentos em carvão vegetal e em carbono fixo. O efeito da cultivar, na densidade relativa aparente, foi responsável pela formação de um grupo similar entre o carvão vegetal proveniente da madeira dos sistemas orgânico e convencional, para a cultivar Catuaí. O carvão vegetal do cafeeiro, proveniente do sistema convencional, apresentou a melhor relação K/Ca. Logo, é o mais indicado para ser utilizado como combustível em caldeiras, gaseificadores e demais sistemas de conversão energética

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Professional Nursing Practice in the Context of Hospitals

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed challenges to health systems and institutions, which had to quickly create conditions to meet the growing health needs of the population. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on professional nursing practice environments and to identify the variables that affected their quality. Quantitative, observational study, conducted in 16 Portuguese hospitals, with 1575 nurses. Data were collected using a questionnaire and participants responded to two different moments in time: the pre-pandemic period and after the fourth critical period of COVID-19. The pandemic had a positive impact on the Structure and Outcome components, and a negative trend in the Process component. The variables associated with the qualification of the components and their dimensions were predominantly: work context, the exercise of functions in areas of assistance to COVID-19 patients, length of professional experience and length of experience in the service. The investment in professional practice environments impacted the improvement of organizational factors, supporting the development of nurses’ work towards the quality of care. However, it is necessary to invest in nurses’ participation, involvement and professional qualifications, which are aspects strongly dependent on the institutions’ management strategiesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of extracts from Dilodendron bipinnatum (sapindaceae)

The phytochemical investigation of ethanolic extracts from leaves, branches and stems of D. bipinnatum afforded the steroids β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, sitostenone and sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glycopyranoside, along with two cycloartane triterpenes: cycloeucalenol and 24-methylenecycloartenol. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6623), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442), Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 9341) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). The extracts of the leaves and branches showed moderate activity against Candida albicans. The extract of the branches was active against Micrococcus luteus. This is the first report on the phytochemical study of D. bipinnatum.CNPqCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)FAPES

Atenção à saúde no primeiro ano de vida de uma coorte prospectiva de lactentes prematuros tardios e a termo de Botucatu, São Paulo, 2015-2017

Objective: To compare late preterm and full-term infants and investigate the association between late preterm birth and the use of reference services. Methods: Prospective cohort study, with data collected from the first to twelfth months of life. Maternal and birth characteristics were compared between term and premature live births. The effect of late preterm birth on the usage of outpatient/emergency services, hospitalizations and intensive care unit admissions were evaluated by calculating odds ratios adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results: The 41 late preterm and 540 full-term infants differed in the frequencies of low weight at birth and in non-permanence in rooming-in wards, which were both higher in late-preterm infants. This group had a higher chance of being hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit (OR=6.85 – CI95% 2.56;18.34). Late preterm birth was not associated with the use of other health services. Conclusion: Negative effects of late preterm delivery were only found in the neonatal stage.Objetivo: Avaliar associação entre prematuridade tardia e utilização de serviços de referência no primeiro ano de vida. Estudo de coorte prospectiva, com dados coletados no 1o, 3o, 6o, 9o e 12o meses dos lactentes. Características maternas e de nascimento foram comparadas entre nascidos a termo e prematuros tardios. Avaliou-se o efeito da prematuridade tardia sobre a utilização de ambulatório especializado e unidade de pronto-socorro/pronto atendimento, internação em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e hospitalização, calculando-se razões de chances ajustadas. Resultados: Os 41 prematuros tardios e 540 nascidos a termo diferiram nas frequências de baixo peso ao nascer e não permanência em alojamento conjunto, maiores nos prematuros tardios, estes também com mais chance de internação em UTI neonatal (OR=6,85 – IC95% 2,56;18,34), condição que não se associou à utilização dos demais serviços de referência. Conclusão: Prematuridade tardia não se associou à maior utilização de serviços de referência após alta da maternidade

Equine ovarian tissue xenografting: impacts of cooling, vitrification, and VEGF.

Ovarian tissue transplantation methods using cooled and cryopreserved samples have been attractive options for fertility preservation in animal models and humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of previous exposure to cooling, cryopreservation, and VEGF on the overall efficiency of equine ovarian tissue after heterotopic xenotransplantation in mice. The end points evaluated were follicular morphology and development, follicular and stromal cell densities, angiogenesis (i.e. the density of new and mature blood vessels), collagen types I and III fiber densities, and total fibrosis. Ovaries of adult mares were harvested after ovariectomy, and ovarian fragments were xenografted in the i.p. wall of BALB nude mice. Ten types of treatments involving different combinations of cooling, cryopreservation, xenografting procedures, and VEGF exposure were compared. The novel aspect of this study was the use of equine ovarian tissue xenotransplantation in mice, challenging the fragments with different combinations of treatments. The main findings were (i) cooling but not cryopreservation was effective in preserving the follicular morphology, (ii) a greater percentage of developing follicles but lower follicular and stromal cell densities were observed after ovarian tissue engraftment, (iii) exposure to VEGF increased new and mature vessels in cryopreserved-transplanted tissue, and (iv) an appropriate balance in the collagen types I and III fiber ratio in cooling-transplanted tissue was observed after exposure to VEGF. This study contributes to advancing knowledge in the preservation of ovarian tissue after cooling-cryopreservation and transplantation aiming to be applied to genetically superior/valuable horses, livestock, endangered animals, and, possibly, humans. LAY SUMMARY: Due to ethical limitations involving humans, the female horse (mare) has recently emerged as an alternative model for reproductive comparisons with women to optimize fertility restoration using ovarian tissue transplantation techniques. This study determined if ovarian tissue from donor mares (n = 3), exposed or not to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) before transplantation, better survives for 7 days after transplantation into mouse hosts (n = 12). Tissues submitted to different combinations of cooling, freezing, and transplanting treatments, along with control groups, were evaluated using the parameters morphology, development, the density of immature eggs (follicles), the density of supportive (stromal) cells, collagen protein proportions, and density of blood vessels. Frozen-thawed treatments had lower percentages of normal follicles. Exposure to VEGF increased blood vessel densities in frozen tissue and favored adequate collagen levels in cooled-transplanted treatments. In conclusion, VEGF exposure seems to be beneficial for mare ovarian tissue transplantation and warrants further investigation