5,046 research outputs found
Capital Flows and Destabilizing Policy in Latin America
Motivated by the excessive macroeconomic volatility experienced in Latin America, we examine the possible contribution of monetary and fiscal policies to this outcome. In contrast with previous literature, we consider the possible simultaneity between policy and GDP growth by using GMM VAR econometric techniques. Additionally, we explore the direct impact international capital inflows have on these policies. Our evidence suggests that for the group of countries we consider, most practice destabilizing fiscal and monetary policy, and capital inflow consistently influences policy in a pro-cyclical direction.Fiscal and Monetary Policies, Capital Flows, Latin America
Finance and the Business Cycle: a Kalman Filter Approach with Markov Switching
This paper combines two popular econometric tools, the dynamic factor model and the Markov-Switching model, to consider three segments of the financial system- the stock market, debt, and money- and their contribution to US business cycles over the past four decades. The dynamic factor model identifies a composite factor index for each financial segment, and using Markov-switching models by Hamilton (1989) and Filardo (1994), this paper then estimates the effect of each segment index on business cycle behaviour. This reexamination of the finance-business cycle link provides results that prove strongest for the effect of stock market movements on business cycles.
Pullback attractors for a singularly nonautonomous plate equation
We consider the family of singularly nonautonomous plate equation with
structural damping in a bounded domain , with Navier
boundary conditions. When the nonlinearity is dissipative we show that this
problem is globally well posed in and has a
family of pullback attractors which is upper-semicontinuous under small
perturbations of the damping
High frequency in-core acousto-optic modulation of a suspended core optical fibre
The confinement of high frequency acoustic waves inside a suspended core fibre (SCF) is numerically investigated for the first time. A 500 ÎŒm long acoustic cavity, based on a four-hole SCF, is designed, simulated and evaluated by using the finite element method. The cavity is acoustically excited in the frequency range of 50 - 56 MHz and the induced displacements are integrated along the fibre. A standard single mode fibre is simulated under the same conditions for comparison. The results show strong Lamb acoustic modes oscillating in the silica bridges and overlapping in the SCF core at the resonance of 52.84 MHz. The induced displacement achieves a maximum in the core centre decaying to an almost null value in the cladding. The acoustic wave concentration in the SCF core is 13 times higher compared to the standard fibre, indicating a promising solution to overcome the frequency limitation of the current all-fibre acousto-optic devices. The modulation efficiency is increased without reducing the fibre diameter, making the devices more stable, fast and suitable to modulate all-fibre lasers
The Effect of Adverse Oil Price Shocks on Monetary Policy and Output Using a Dynamic Small Open Economy General Equilibrium Model With Staggered Price for Brazil
The aim of the present research is to use a model economy built for Brazil, based on an optimizing dynamic general equilibrium model, in order to perform numerical simulations to derive the ability of the artificial economy to explain the impact of monetary policy interventions on Brazilian short run economic performance in terms of the inflation rate, output gap, interest rate and level of economic activity in the face of an adverse oil shock. It is an extension of Bugarin et al. (2005) concentrating on the consequence of energy price increases, facing different monetary policy rules. Following Hall (1988 e 1990) and Finn (2000) it is considered that an increase in energy prices acts like a negative productivity shock. The model provides an accessible description of an artificial economy with a tractable micro-founded dynamic setting with forward looking rational agents in a small open economy with a staggered pricing mechanism that generates inflation inertia and recessionary disinflations. Alternative specification of monetary reaction functions are introduced into the model economy in order to perform a sensitivity analysis of derived impulse responses to those interventions facing the negative productivity shock. The preliminary results suggest that the introduction of habit persistence into the consumption hypothesis does not make much difference. However the introduction of different monetary reaction functions does alter the impulse response of output, inflation rate, and nominal interest rate. A common result is the decline in potential output for all models. Additionally, the only case where a reduction in the output gap is observed is when using the Taylor rule that takes into consideration the output gap and past interest rates with high persistence.
Crania, bodies, and measurements : formation of the collection of anthropometric instruments at the Museu Nacional in the late nineteenth/early twentieth century
Aborda o processo de constituição do acervo de instrumentos cientĂficos do Setor de Antropologia BiolĂłgica (antiga DivisĂŁo de Antropologia FĂsica) do Museu Nacional. Prioriza-se a anĂĄlise da coleção de instrumentos de antropometria. Pensar o instrumental de medição antropomĂ©trica relacionando-o com as demais coleçÔes do acervo de antropologia biolĂłgica e com a atuação dos pesquisadores do Museu Nacional, em seus respectivos contextos sociopolĂticos e acadĂȘmicos, oferece uma visĂŁo privilegiada do panorama cientĂfico na passagem do sĂ©culo XIX para o XX. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTAnalyzes the formation of the collection of scientific instruments at the Museu Nacionalâs Biological Anthropology Sector (previously known as the Physical Anthropology Division), Brazil. It focuses on the instruments used for anthropometric measurements. By drawing relations between this collection and other of the institutionâs biological anthropology collections, as well as the activities of Museu Nacional researchers within their sociopolitical and academic contexts, we arrive at a privileged view of the scientific methods and theories in use in the final decades of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth
Efficiency of brazilian public and private water utilities
Este artigo compara eficiĂȘncias custo de empresas publicas e privadas brasileiras de oferta de ĂĄgua. Para mensurar a eficiĂȘncia faz-se uso de um modelo de fronteira estocĂĄstica definido por meio de uma função custo na famĂlia Cobb-Douglas. A especificação da fronteira inclui efeitos tĂ©cnicos. Estima-se o modelo pelo mĂ©todo de mĂĄxima verossimilhança para um painel de firmas brasileiras observadas no perĂodo 2002- 2004. Os resultados estatĂsticos indicam evidĂȘncia de que as firmas pĂșblicas sĂŁo mais eficientes, embora a diferença em eficiĂȘncia esteja declinando no perĂodo analisado. De um modo geral, o sistema de oferta de ĂĄgua e saneamento estĂĄ se tornando mais eficiente ao longo do tempo. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis paper compares cost efficiencies of Brazilian public and private companies of water supply. To measure efficiency a Cobb-Douglas stochastic cost frontier model including technical effects is estimated by maximum likelihood to a panel of Brazilian firms for the period 2002 - 2004. The statistical results indicate that there is evidence that public firms are more efficient although the difference in efficiency is declining over time. Overall the system of water and sewerage supply is becoming more efficient over time
A potencialidade de discursos no Instagram: uma anĂĄlise netnogrĂĄfica da pĂĄgina âO Sentinela Oficialâ
As mĂdias digitais e recursos tecnolĂłgicos permeiam os processos de comunicação e a vida social no atual contexto. Nesse sentido as redes sociais se configuram como espaços onde circulam discursos e sĂŁo produzidos significados, que estĂŁo imbricados em relaçÔes de poder. Das muitas redes sociais, o Instagram destaca-se, sobretudo, como local de construção de conhecimento e divulgação de ideias, representando um ambiente onde emergem pedagogias culturais, produzindo novos modos de ser e viver na contemporaneidade. Desta forma, cabe investigar os discursos gestados nessa plataforma. Assim, esse artigo propĂ”e-se, a partir do campo dos Estudos Culturais, analisar a pĂĄgina de Instagram âO Sentinela Oficialâ, que se autodenomina como âMĂdia crĂtica Independenteâ, e onde circulam discursos alternativos e revisionistas, tanto nas publicaçÔes da pĂĄgina, quanto nos comentĂĄrios feitos por seus seguidores. Para efetuar as anĂĄlise propostas, a metodologia empreendida foi uma netnografia, no intuito de realizar uma imersĂŁo na pĂĄgina e assim, mapear as prĂĄticas discursivas que emergem neste ambiente digital. O artigo analisa o potencial destes discursos como pedagogias culturais e estĂĄ fundamentado nos conceitos de discurso e pedagogias culturais, encontrando suporte teĂłrico em autores como Henry Giroux, Robert Kozinets e Michel Foucault
Energy efficiency through analysis of the contracted demand, consumption and framework group âAâ tariff: case study at IFPA Parauapebas campus: EficiĂȘncia energĂ©tica atravĂ©s da anĂĄlise do demanda contratada, consumo e estrutura tarifa do grupo "A": estudo de caso na IFPA campus de Parauapebas
Waste of electricity in public educational institutions is alarming. The agency Electric Energy National (ANEEL) published in October 2016 through the call 01/2016 to electricity distributors, which aims, among other objectives, to invest in efficiency energy and mini-generation in institutions, which evidences the absence of strategic energy management and the lack of a culture of optimizing energy resources. Thus, this work may help in the search for the minimization of electrical energy waste and public resources in the institutions, as it will propose an efficient framework methodology tariff system, able to assess and adjust demand contracted (kW). The methodology consists of achieving the energy efficiency, through demand analysis, tariff framework and energy consumption electricity, in the consumer unit, in particular to the study case study of the Federal Institute of ParĂĄ â Campus Parauapebas (IFPA), through the analysis of invoices monthly electricity bills and the basis of the resolutions and rules on the types of tariffs for electrical energy from groups A4. With that, it is expected to adjust the contracted load demand (kW). and crave cost reduction for the Public Administrationproviding a practical form of analysis and indication of the best tariff framework for the group studied, and thereby achieve sustainable consumption and efficient electricity contracts
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