Envisioning and evolving: Future evolution of the concept and the practice of service design

ervice Design is evolving from an emerging field, breaking new ground in the design and service research areas, to a more mature stage, developing a set of fundamental concepts, methods and principles that can provide the foundation for its further significance and impact in both research and practice. This paper reflects on the roots and recent evolution of service design in terms of fundamental concepts, methods and outcomes, taking into account the papers in the Envisioning and Evolving track. It considers how the growing interrelation with close fields of service research is introducing useful “contaminations” and reports how the Service perspective is revealing its potential to bring life to technical and entrenched systems. It goes on to argue that design should aim to bring services to life to prove its real, distinguishing value and contribution

Carbon sequestration in a Mediterranean olive orchard managed sustainably over a 20-year period

Olive is a widespread crop within Mediterranean area and Italy is one of the biggest producer of olives and oil in the world. From an environmental point of view, centered on carbon (C) sequestration, managing olive orchards sustainably is an urgent and actual issue. This trial was done in a 2-ha olive orchard (Olea europaea L., cv. ‘Maiatica’; 70-year-old plants, with a distance of 8 × 8 m and NE orientation) located in Ferrandina (Southern Italy, Basilicata region; N 40°29’; E 16°28’). The soil is a sandy loam (Haplic Calcisol - WRB), with a mean bulk density of 1.30 g cm–3 and sediment as parental material. The major landform is plain, the slope form is classified as convex-straight and the gradient class as gently sloping (2-5%). Half of the orchard has been managed using sustainable agricultural practices (sustainable management, Sung) for 20 years (2000-2020). Trees were drip-irrigated from March to October with urban wastewater. A light pruning was carried out every year during winter. The soil was permanently covered by spontaneous self-seeding weeds, mowed twice a year. Cover crop residues and prunings were shredded and left along the row as mulch. The other half of the orchard was kept as ‘control’ plot. It was rainfed and conducted with a locally conventional management (Cmng), according to the practices usually adopted by farmers. The Cmng was managed by tillage performed 2-3 times per year to control weeds. Intensive pruning was carried out every two years, but pruned residues were removed from the orchard. A mineral fertilization was carried out once per year, during the fruit set and pit hardening phase (early spring). The average value (n = 5; 0-100 cm soil depth) of baseline soil organic carbon (SOC) stock (related to the Cmng) in the 20-year period was 4.79 t SOC ha–1, with an average additional SOC storage potential because of the adoption of the Smng of 0.15 t SOC ha–1 yr–1, and a SOC stock after 20 years of Smng of 7.75 t SOC ha–1 yr–1. In the Smng system, soil acted as a significant sink for C, especially due to the supplies of the organic resources internal to the system. The Smng system, made up of mature olive trees, was also able to fix in its aboveground and belowground components, a > 2-times higher total amount of C than the Cmng. Spontaneous vegetation was the most important pool, sequestering about 35% of the total fixed C. Also pruning material had a substantial importance in C fixation. Emissions of CO2 eq per kg of olives, calculated according to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), were 0.08 kg in the Smng system and 0.11 kg in the Cmng system. Besides C sequestration, the application of the Smng markedly improved physical, chemical, and biological soil fertility, with benefits on plants and production. The application of a sustainable soil and plant management makes olive growing a multifunctional rural activity, not only aimed at production, but including many other objectives, such as environmental, landscaping cultural, social and recreational

The ALMA Early Science View of FUor/EXor objects. III. The Slow and Wide Outflow of V883 Ori

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/ sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) observations of V883 Ori, an FU Ori object. We describe the molecular outflow and envelope of the system based on the $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO emissions, which together trace a bipolar molecular outflow. The C$^{18}$O emission traces the rotational motion of the circumstellar disk. From the $^{12}$CO blue-shifted emission, we estimate a wide opening angle of $\sim$ 150$^{^{\circ}}$ for the outflow cavities. Also, we find that the outflow is very slow (characteristic velocity of only 0.65 km~s$^{-1}$), which is unique for an FU Ori object. We calculate the kinematic properties of the outflow in the standard manner using the $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO emissions. In addition, we present a P Cygni profile observed in the high-resolution optical spectrum, evidence of a wind driven by the accretion and being the cause for the particular morphology of the outflows. We discuss the implications of our findings and the rise of these slow outflows during and/or after the formation of a rotationally supported disk.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. Accepte

TASTE. III. A homogeneous study of transit time variations in WASP-3b

The TASTE project is searching for low-mass planets with the Transit Timing Variation (TTV) technique, by gathering high-precision, short-cadence light curves for a selected sample of transiting exoplanets. It has been claimed that the "hot Jupiter" WASP-3b could be perturbed by a second planet. Presenting eleven new light curves (secured at the IAC80 and UDEM telescopes) and re-analyzing thirty-eight archival light curves in a homogeneous way, we show that new data do not confirm the previously claimed TTV signal. However, we bring evidence that measurements are not consistent with a constant orbital period, though no significant periodicity can be detected. Additional dynamical modeling and follow-up observations are planned to constrain the properties of the perturber or to put upper limits to it. We provide a refined ephemeris for WASP-3b and improved orbital/physical parameters. A contact eclipsing binary, serendipitously discovered among field stars, is reported here for the first time.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables; accepted for publication in A&

Experimental evidence of antiproton reflection by a solid surface

We report here experimental evidence of the reflection of a large fraction of a beam of low energy antiprotons by an aluminum wall. This derives from the analysis of a set of annihilations of antiprotons that come to rest in rarefied helium gas after hitting the end wall of the apparatus. A Monte Carlo simulation of the antiproton path in aluminum indicates that the observed reflection occurs primarily via a multiple Rutherford-style scattering on Al nuclei, at least in the energy range 1-10 keV where the phenomenon is most visible in the analyzed data. These results contradict the common belief according to which the interactions between matter and antimatter are dominated by the reciprocally destructive phenomenon of annihilation.Comment: 5 pages with 5 figure

The ALMA Early Science View of FUor/EXor Objects - V. Continuum Disc Masses and Sizes

Low-mass stars build a significant fraction of their total mass during short outbursts of enhanced accretion known as FUor and EXor outbursts. FUor objects are characterized by a sudden brightening of ∼5 mag at visible wavelengths within 1 yr and remain bright for decades. EXor objects have lower amplitude outbursts on shorter time-scales. Here we discuss a 1.3 mm Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) mini-survey of eight outbursting sources (three FUors, four EXors, and the borderline object V1647 Ori) in the Orion Molecular Cloud. While previous papers in this series discuss the remarkable molecular outflows observed in the three FUor objects and V1647 Ori, here we focus on the continuum data and the differences and similarities between the FUor and EXor populations. We find that FUor discs are significantly more massive (∼80–600 MJup) than the EXor objects (∼0.5–40 MJup). We also report that the EXor sources lack the prominent outflows seen in the FUor population. Even though our sample is small, the large differences in disc masses and outflow activity suggest that the two types of objects represent different evolutionary stages. The FUor sources seem to be rather compact (Rc \u3c 20–40 au) and to have a smaller characteristic radius for a given disc mass when compared to T Tauri stars. V1118 Ori, the only known close binary system in our sample, is shown to host a disc around each one of the stellar components. The disc around HBC 494 is asymmetric, hinting at a structure in the outer disc or the presence of a second disc

Constraining the mass of the planet(s) sculpting a disk cavity. The intriguing case of 2MASS J16042165-2130284

The large cavities observed in the dust and gas distributions of transition disks may be explained by planet-disk interactions. At ~145 pc, 2MASS J16042165-2130284 (J1604) is a 5-12 Myr old transitional disk with different gap sizes in the mm- and $\mu$m-sized dust distributions (outer edges at ~79 and at ~63 au, respectively). Its $^{12}$CO emission shows a ~30 au cavity. This radial structure suggests that giant planets are sculpting this disk. We aim to constrain the masses and locations of plausible giant planets around J1604. We observed J1604 with the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE) at the Very Large Telescope (VLT), in IRDIFS\_EXT, pupil-stabilized mode, obtaining YJH- band images with the integral field spectrograph (IFS) and K1K2-band images with the Infra-Red Dual-beam Imager and Spectrograph (IRDIS). The dataset was processed exploiting the angular differential imaging (ADI) technique with high-contrast algorithms. Our observations reach a contrast of $\Delta K, YH$ ~12 mag from 0.15" to 0.80" (~22 to 115 au), but no planet candidate is detected. The disk is directly imaged in scattered light at all bands from Y to K, and it shows a red color. This indicates that the dust particles in the disk surface are mainly $\gtrsim0.3\,\mu$m-sized grains. We confirm the sharp dip/decrement in scattered light in agreement with polarized light observations. Comparing our images with a radiative transfer model we argue that the southern side of the disk is most likely the nearest. This work represents the deepest search yet for companions around J1604. We reach a mass sensitivity of $\gtrsim 2-3M_{Jup}$ from ~22 to ~115 au according to a hot start scenario. We propose that a brown dwarf orbiting inside of ~15 au and additional Jovian planets at larger radii could account for the observed properties of J1604 while explaining our lack of detection.Comment: 10 pages, 7 Figures. Accepted for publication in A&A . Abridged abstrac

Reducción del consumo eléctrico debido a climatización en un salón de un edificio educativo del NEA

La sociedad actual demanda condiciones de confort que permitan desarrollar actividades con elevada productividad, en el NEA alcanzar las condiciones apropiadas de temperatura y humedad en edificios antiguos implica un excesivo consumo de energía eléctrica. Se presenta la simulación computacional mediante el software Energy Plus del comportamiento térmico de un aula del edificio de la Facultad Regional Resistencia de la Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Se validan los resultados de la simulación con datos experimentales de temperatura interior para idénticas condiciones exteriores de radiación solar y temperatura. Se obtiene la carga térmica instantánea y la disminución potencial de consumo de energía eléctrica destinada a la climatización para diferentes casos de rehabilitación térmica del salón. Se verifica la exactitud del modelo confrontando los resultados de la simulación con los datos internos medidos en el aula. Se demuestra también la capacidad del software como herramienta para mejorar la eficiencia energética de edificios y garantizar las condiciones de confort.Today’s society demands high comfort conditions to carry out activities with high productivity, in the Argentine Northeast achieving the appropriate conditions of temperature and humidity in old buildings involves excessive power consumption. It is presented the computer simulation by the Energy Plus software about thermal behavior of a classroom in the building of the Facultad Regional Resistencia of the Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. The simulation results are validated with measured data of indoor temperature for the same exterior conditions of solar radiation and temperature. Is obtained the instantaneous thermal charge and the decrease of potential consumption of electricity for air conditioning in different cases of thermal rehabilitation. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparing the simulation results with internal data measured in the classroom. The ability of the software as a tool to improve the energy efficiency of buildings and ensure comfort conditions is also demonstrated.Tema 8: Energías renovables, modelización y simulación.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Reducción del consumo eléctrico debido a climatización en un salón de un edificio educativo del NEA

La sociedad actual demanda condiciones de confort que permitan desarrollar actividades con elevada productividad, en el NEA alcanzar las condiciones apropiadas de temperatura y humedad en edificios antiguos implica un excesivo consumo de energía eléctrica. Se presenta la simulación computacional mediante el software Energy Plus del comportamiento térmico de un aula del edificio de la Facultad Regional Resistencia de la Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Se validan los resultados de la simulación con datos experimentales de temperatura interior para idénticas condiciones exteriores de radiación solar y temperatura. Se obtiene la carga térmica instantánea y la disminución potencial de consumo de energía eléctrica destinada a la climatización para diferentes casos de rehabilitación térmica del salón. Se verifica la exactitud del modelo confrontando los resultados de la simulación con los datos internos medidos en el aula. Se demuestra también la capacidad del software como herramienta para mejorar la eficiencia energética de edificios y garantizar las condiciones de confort.Today’s society demands high comfort conditions to carry out activities with high productivity, in the Argentine Northeast achieving the appropriate conditions of temperature and humidity in old buildings involves excessive power consumption. It is presented the computer simulation by the Energy Plus software about thermal behavior of a classroom in the building of the Facultad Regional Resistencia of the Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. The simulation results are validated with measured data of indoor temperature for the same exterior conditions of solar radiation and temperature. Is obtained the instantaneous thermal charge and the decrease of potential consumption of electricity for air conditioning in different cases of thermal rehabilitation. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparing the simulation results with internal data measured in the classroom. The ability of the software as a tool to improve the energy efficiency of buildings and ensure comfort conditions is also demonstrated.Tema 8: Energías renovables, modelización y simulación.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism