Sistemas urbanos: Amplio campo para la investigación

La descripción de sistemas por medio de modelos matemáticos es una herramienta fundamental para el desarrollo de la ciencia y la tecnología. Por tal razón, los modelos de ingeniería, y dentro de esta área los modelos urbanos, cobran vital importancia en la planeación y la evolución de nuestros sistemas urbanos (es decir, ciudades, países, etc.), ya que dichos sistemas en la actualidad se encuentran en crisis debido a su desmesurado y desordenado crecimiento

Flexibilización de los requisitos de patentabilidad y derechos de exclusividad de datos de pruebas en el régimen jurídico de propiedad intelectual aplicable a los medicamentos en Colombia

Este trabajo pretende explicar como se ha ido flexibilizando el régimen de protección a la propiedad intelectual en materia de medicamentos en Colombia a causa de la influencia tanto diplomática, como a través de acuerdos internacionales ejercida por Estados más desarrollados. Para esto se tendrá en cuenta la aplicación de los requisitos de patentabilidad y la protección de exclusividad de datos de prueba.This study aims to explain how the intellectual property protection regime for pharmaceuticals in Colombia has become more flexible as a result of the diplomatic influence, as well as through international agreements, exercised by more developed States. For this purpose, the application of patentability standards and the protection of exclusivity of trial data will be taken into account

Methodology for hand-tool vibration analysis using bond graph

This paper presents an efficient and easy methodology for modeling the vibrational behavior of common portable tools using as example a hand-driller. The work described in this paper uses a Hand-Tool model previously developed by the authors and couples it with different Hand-Arm-System (HAS) in order to evaluate which one reproduces the most realistic vibrational behavior. Although proposed for hand-tools, it can be extended for any kind of tool that produces vibration during its operation. This methodology summarizes different techniques in order to analyze the vibrational system. The different components of the hand-driller are represented as lumped masses and the connections between them with a spring and a damper. The elastic constant for the structural elements are determined by FEA using SolidWorks simulations, while the damping constant values used are the recommended by the software 20-sim for structural damping. Once the model is developed, it will be shown how the corresponding Bond-Graph diagram can be obtained and how it helps in obtaining the equations that describe the model. The software 20-sim is used to simulate the developed Bond-Graph model and to determine the Hand-Arm system vibrational response for a specific excitation force

Spiral-Based model for software architecture in bio-image analysis: A case study in RSV cell infection

The advancement in biological and medical image acquisitions has allowed the development of numerous investigations in different fields supported by image analysis, from cell to physiological level. The complexity in the treatment of data, generated by image analysis, requires a structured methodology for software development. In this paper we proposed a framework to develop a software solution with a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) applied to the analysis of biological images. The framework is completed with a novel image analysis methodology that would help researchers to achieve better results in their image analysis projects. We evaluate our proposal in a scientific project related to cell image analysis

Fuzzy inference system for the identification of over-the-counter (otc) drugs.

This document shows the details of the implementation of a fuzzy inference system, for the identification of four over-the-counter drugs (Naproxen, Calcium Carbonate, Muvett and Winadol), by using a Raman Spectroscopy, which output is the characterization of the substance. Data obtained from Raman Spectroscopy are modeled with Matlab®- Fuzzy Logic Toolbox

Effect of temperature in bursting of thalamic reticular cells

Objective: To show the relation between the four parameters associated to bursting discharges of the thalamic reticular cells (TRNn): the maximum firing frequency (fmax) and the temperature at which it occurs (Tfmax), the range of temperatures defined as the full width at half maximum (∆Th) and the maximum specific low threshold calcium conductance (GT). Materials and Methods: In order to simulate the TRNn bursting activity a computational simulation model was implemented using the NEURON software, which incorporates morphological and electrophysiological data and stimuli properties closely related to reality. Results: It was found that there are nonlinear relations between the parameters. The fmax frequency follows a quadratic grow with temperature and tends asymptotically towards a limit value with the maximum calcium conductance.  In the same manner, ∆Th increases until reaching a limit value as function of fmax and GT. However, the increment per frequency unit is bigger than the increment per conductance unit. Conclusions: There were obtained four equations that model the relations between the parameters associated to bursting discharges of the TRNn in rats and other neurons with similar characteristics in different animal species

MC-Kmeans: an approach to cell image segmentation using clustering algorithms

Digital image processing has been a fundamental tool for the diagnostic and treatment of diseases. Several techniques have been used to analyze microscopic images in cell-level processes. Different methods for the segmentation task are recognized for its contribution in the image processing. Nevertheless, not all are useful in the studies at a microscopic level. In most of the biomedical images, cells are visually clustered and this makes that, simple and fast algorithms which are used in the other cases, may fail. This research proposes the development of a segmentation algorithm in HEp-2 cells type, using the marker-controlled watershed and k-means methods. This approach achieves an improvement in the cell segmentation, which allows obtaining effective information in the posterior analysis. We obtained a precision of 82.3% in the performance and in the qualitative analysis the method reached an outstanding performance in comparison with the other segmentation techniques used in the experiments. Finally, we concluded that the algorithm proposed, is suitable for the segmentation of the studied cells

Efecto de la temperature en las descargas en ráfaga de la células del núcleo reticular del tálamo

Objective: To show the relation between the four parameters associated to bursting discharges of the thalamic reticular cells (TRNn): the maximum firing frequency (fmax) and the temperature at which it occurs (Tfmax), the range of temperatures defined as the full width at half maximum (∆Th ) and the maximum specific low threshold calcium conductance (GT). Materials and Methods: In order to simulate the TRNn bursting activity, a computational simulation model was implemented using the NEURON software, which incorporates morphological and electrophysiological data, and stimuli properties closely related to reality. Results: It was found that there are nonlinear relations between the parameters. The fmax frequency follows a quadratic growth with temperature and tends asymptotically towards a limit value with the maximum calcium conductance. In the same manner, ∆Th increases until reaching a limit value as function of fmax and GT . However, the increment per frequency unit is bigger than the increment per conductance unit. Conclusions: Four equations were obtained that model the relations between the parameters associated to bursting discharges of the TRNn in rats and other neurons with similar characteristics in different animal species

A new pipeline for structural characterization and classification of RNA-Seq microbiome data

Background High-throughput sequencing enables the analysis of the composition of numerous biological systems, such as microbial communities. The identification of dependencies within these systems requires the analysis and assimilation of the underlying interaction patterns between all the variables that make up that system. However, this task poses a challenge when considering the compositional nature of the data coming from DNA-sequencing experiments because traditional interaction metrics (e.g., correlation) produce unreliable results when analyzing relative fractions instead of absolute abundances. The compositionality-associated challenges extend to the classification task, as it usually involves the characterization of the interactions between the principal descriptive variables of the datasets. The classification of new samples/patients into binary categories corresponding to dissimilar biological settings or phenotypes (e.g., control and cases) could help researchers in the development of treatments/drugs. Results Here, we develop and exemplify a new approach, applicable to compositional data, for the classification of new samples into two groups with different biological settings. We propose a new metric to characterize and quantify the overall correlation structure deviation between these groups and a technique for dimensionality reduction to facilitate graphical representation. We conduct simulation experiments with synthetic data to assess the proposed method’s classification accuracy. Moreover, we illustrate the performance of the proposed approach using Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) count tables obtained through 16S rRNA gene sequencing data from two microbiota experiments. Also, compare our method’s performance with that of two state-of-the-art methods. Conclusions Simulation experiments show that our method achieves a classification accuracy equal to or greater than 98% when using synthetic data. Finally, our method outperforms the other classification methods with real datasets from gene sequencing experiments

Producción del extended play de la banda The Kill Van Cheech

El objetivo del proyecto es realizar un EP de canciones de la banda The Kill Van Cheech, desde la preproducción de las ideas musicales, pasando por la grabación y mezcla de ellas, hasta la finalización del EP como una entidad sonora que representa el ideal de esta banda. The Kill Van Cheech es una banda integrada por Héctor Ortiz, Daniel Polo, Mauricio Cabrera, Ernesto Cantillo y Gustavo Colmenares. Su género es el Post-Rock Indie, el cual posee una clara influencia anglosajona con la cual se debe tener bases musicales para capturar y mezclar de acuerdo al estilo. La producción del disco es un proceso que va desde la preproducción de éste hasta su finalización y distribución en formatos análogos, digitales y virtuales, se basa en el desarrollo de una idea musical ya dada por los músicos que componen, interpretan y ensamblan las canciones. Este desarrollo conlleva dos partes que se complementan entre sí, la parte técnica y la parte artística. La parte técnica consiste en obtener la mejor captura en las grabaciones, tener los conceptos básicos para la edición y mezcla y poder condensar las canciones en el formato adecuado con sus debidas especificaciones para poder ser emitidas en cualquier parte del mundo. Por el lado artístico el tratamiento es subjetivo y menos estricto, es la parte donde el productor inspira a los músicos y sus temas para crear no un arreglo de canciones sino un todo, una unidad musical que exprese en capítulos la intención de su composición.Maestro (a) en MúsicaPregrad