807 research outputs found

    Antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals: results from the second point prevalence survey (PPS) of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use, 2016 to 2017

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    Antimicrobial agents used to treat infections are life-saving. Overuse may result in more frequent adverse effects and emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. In 2016-17, we performed the second point-prevalence survey (PPS) of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals. We included 1,209 hospitals and 310,755 patients in 28 of 31 European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries. The weighted prevalence of antimicrobial use in the EU/EEA was 30.5% (95% CI: 29.2-31.9%). The most common indication for prescribing antimicrobials was treatment of a community-acquired infection, followed by treatment of HAI and surgical prophylaxis. Over half (54.2%) of antimicrobials for surgical prophylaxis were prescribed for more than 1 day. The most common infections treated by antimicrobials were respiratory tract infections and the most commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents were penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors. There was wide variation of patients on antimicrobials, in the selection of antimicrobial agents and in antimicrobial stewardship resources and activities across the participating countries. The results of the PPS provide detailed information on antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals, enable comparisons between countries and hospitals, and highlight key areas for national and European action that will support efforts towards prudent use of antimicrobials

    Averages of bb-hadron, cc-hadron, and τ\tau-lepton properties as of summer 2014

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    This article reports world averages of measurements of bb-hadron, cc-hadron, and τ\tau-lepton properties obtained by the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group (HFAG) using results available through summer 2014. For the averaging, common input parameters used in the various analyses are adjusted (rescaled) to common values, and known correlations are taken into account. The averages include branching fractions, lifetimes, neutral meson mixing parameters, CPCP violation parameters, parameters of semileptonic decays and CKM matrix elements.Comment: 436 pages, many figures and tables. Online updates available at http://www.slac.stanford.edu/xorg/hfag

    Search for double charmonium decays of the P-wave spin-triplet bottomonium states

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    Using a sample of 158 million Υ(2S)\Upsilon(2S) events collected with the Belle detector, we search for the first time for double charmonium decays of the PP-wave spin-triplet bottomonium states (Υ(2S)γχbJ\Upsilon(2S) \to \gamma \chi_{bJ}, \chi_{bJ} \to \jpsi \jpsi, \jpsi \psp, \psp \psp for J=0, 1, and 2). No significant χbJ\chi_{bJ} signal is observed in the double charmonium mass spectra, and we obtain the following upper limits, \BR(\chi_{bJ} \to \jpsi \jpsi)<7.1\times 10^{-5}, 2.7×1052.7\times 10^{-5}, 4.5×1054.5\times 10^{-5}, \BR(\chi_{bJ} \to \jpsi \psp)<1.2\times 10^{-4}, 1.7×1051.7\times 10^{-5}, 4.9×1054.9\times 10^{-5}, \BR(\chi_{bJ} \to \psp \psp)<3.1\times 10^{-5}, 6.2×1056.2\times 10^{-5}, 1.6×1051.6\times 10^{-5} for J=0, 1, and 2, respectively, at the 90% confidence level. These limits are significantly lower than the central values (with uncertainties of 50% to 70%) predicted using the light cone formalism but are consistent with calculations using the NRQCD factorization approach.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl

    Observation of D0Dˉ0D^0-\bar{D}^0 Mixing in e+ee^+e^- Collisions

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    We observe D0Dˉ0D^0-\bar{D}^0 mixing in the decay D0K+πD^0\rightarrow K^+\pi^- using a data sample of integrated luminosity 976 fb1^{-1} collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+ee^+e^- asymmetric-energy collider. We measure the mixing parameters x2=(0.09±0.22)×103{x'}^2 = (0.09\pm0.22)\times 10^{-3} and y=(4.6±3.4)×103y' = (4.6\pm3.4)\times 10^{-3} and the ratio of doubly Cabibbo-suppressed to Cabibbo-favored decay rates RD=(3.53±0.13)×103R_D = (3.53\pm0.13)\times 10^{-3}, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic combined. Our measurement excludes the no-mixing hypothesis at the 5.1 standard deviation level.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

    Energy scan of the e+ehb(nP)π+πe^+e^- \to h_b(nP)\pi^+\pi^- (n=1,2)(n=1,2) cross sections and evidence for Υ(11020)\Upsilon(11020) decays into charged bottomonium-like states

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    Using data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+ee^+e^- collider, we measure the energy dependence of the e+ehb(nP)π+πe^+e^- \to h_b(nP)\pi^+\pi^- (n=1,2)(n=1,2) cross sections from thresholds up to 11.0211.02\,GeV. We find clear Υ(10860)\Upsilon(10860) and Υ(11020)\Upsilon(11020) peaks with little or no continuum contribution. We study the resonant substructure of the Υ(11020)hb(nP)π+π\Upsilon(11020) \to h_b(nP)\pi^+\pi^- transitions and find evidence that they proceed entirely via the intermediate isovector states Zb(10610)Z_b(10610) and Zb(10650)Z_b(10650). The relative fraction of these states is loosely constrained by the current data: the hypothesis that only Zb(10610)Z_b(10610) is produced is excluded at the level of 3.3 standard deviations, while the hypothesis that only Zb(10650)Z_b(10650) is produced is not excluded at a significant level.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letter

    Search for Bhννˉ\boldsymbol{B\to h\nu\bar{\nu}} decays with semileptonic tagging at Belle

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    We present the results of a search for the rare decays BhννB\to h\nu\overline{\nu}, where hh stands for K+,KS0,K+,K0,π+,π0,ρ+K^+,\:K^0_{\mathrm{S}},\:K^{\ast +},\:K^{\ast 0},\:\pi^+,\:\pi^0,\:\rho^+ and ρ0\rho^{0}. The results are obtained with 772×106772\times10^{6} BBB\overline{B} pairs collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+ee^+ e^- collider. We reconstruct one BB meson in a semileptonic decay and require a single hh meson but nothing else on the signal side. We observe no significant signal and set upper limits on the branching fractions. The limits set on the BKS0ννB\to K^0_{\mathrm{S}}\nu\overline{\nu}, B0K0ννB^0\to K^{*0}\nu\overline{\nu}, Bπ+ννB\to \pi^+\nu\overline{\nu}, B0π0ννB^0\to\pi^0\nu\overline{\nu}, B+ρ+ννB^+\to\rho^+\nu\overline{\nu}, and B0ρ0ννB^0\to\rho^0\nu\overline{\nu} channels are the world's most stringent.Comment: Submitted to PR

    Time-dependent CP Asymmetries in B0KS0ρ0γB^0\to K^0_S\rho^0\gamma Decays

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    We report the first measurement of CP-violation parameters in B^0 -> K_S^0\rho^0\gamma decays based on 657 million B\bar B pairs collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy collider. We measure the time-dependent CP violating parameter S_{K_S^0\rho^0\gamma}= 0.11 +/- 0.33(stat.)^{+0.05}_{-0.09}(syst.). We also obtain the effective direct CP violating parameter A_eff=0.05 +/- 0.18(stat.) +/- 0.06(syst.) for m_{K_S\pi^+\pi^-}<1.8 GeV/c^2 and 0.6 GeV/c^2<m_{\pi^+\pi^-}<0.9 GeV/c^2.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, to be submitted to PR

    Observation of X(3872)J/ψγX(3872)\to J/\psi \gamma and search for X(3872)ψγX(3872)\to\psi'\gamma in B decays

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    We report a study of B(J/ψγ)KB\to (J/\psi \gamma) K and B(ψγ)KB\to (\psi' \gamma)K decay modes using 772×106772\times 10^{6} BBˉB\bar{B} events collected at the \Upsilon(4S)resonancewiththeBelledetectorattheKEKBenergyasymmetric resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB energy-asymmetric e^+ e^-collider.Weobserve collider. We observe X(3872) \to J/\psi \gammaandreportthefirstevidencefor and report the first evidence for \chi_{c2} \to J/\psi \gammain in B\to (X_{c\bar{c}}\gamma) Kdecays,whileinasearchfor decays, while in a search for X(3872) \to \psi' \gammanosignificantsignalisfound.Wemeasurethebranchingfractions, no significant signal is found. We measure the branching fractions, \mathcal{B}(B^{\pm} \to X(3872) K^{\pm}) \mathcal{B}(X(3872) \to J/\psi\gamma) = (1.78^{+0.48}_{-0.44}\pm 0.12)\times 10^{-6},, \mathcal{B} (B^{\pm} \to\chi_{c2} K^{\pm})= (1.11^{+0.36}_{-0.34} \pm 0.09) \times 10^{-5},, \mathcal{B}(B^{\pm} \to X(3872) K^{\pm}) \mathcal{B}(X(3872) \to \psi'\gamma) < 3.45\times 10^{-6}$ (upper limit at 90% C.L.) and also provide upper limits for other searches.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
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