Early amniotomy after cervical ripening for induction of labor: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

OBJECTIVE DATA: Timing of artificial rupture of membranes (ie, amniotomy) in induction of labor is controversial, because it has been associated not only with shorter labors, but also with fetal nonreassuring testing, at times necessitating cesarean delivery. The aim of this systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized trials was to evaluate the effectiveness of early amniotomy vs late amniotomy or spontaneous rupture of membranes after cervical ripening. STUDY: The search was conducted with the use of electronic databases from inception of each database through February 2019. Review of articles included the abstracts of all references that were retrieved from the search. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: Selection criteria included randomized clinical trials that compared early amniotomy vs control (ie, late amniotomy or spontaneous rupture of membranes) after cervical ripening with either Foley catheter or prostaglandins at any dose. The primary outcome was the incidence of cesarean delivery. The summary measures were reported as summary relative risk with 95% of confidence interval with the use of the random effects model of DerSimonian and Laird. RESULTS: Four trials that included 1273 women who underwent cervical ripening with either Foley catheter or prostaglandins and then were assigned randomly to either early amniotomy, late amniotomy, or spontaneous rupture of membranes (control subjects) were included in the review. Women who were assigned randomly to early amniotomy had a similar risk of cesarean delivery (31.1% vs 30.9%; relative risk, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.71-1.56) compared with control subjects and had a shorter interval from induction to delivery of approximately 5 hours (mean difference, -4.95 hours; 95% confidence interval, -8.12 to -1.78). Spontaneous vaginal delivery was also reduced in the early amniotomy group, but only 1 of the included trials reported this outcome (67.5% vs 69.1%; relative risk, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.93). No between-group differences were reported in the other obstetrics or perinatal outcomes. CONCLUSION: After cervical ripening, routine early amniotomy does not increase the risk of cesarean delivery and reduces the interval from induction to delivery

The SCIANTIX code for fission gas behaviour: Status, upgrades, separate-effect validation, and future developments

SCIANTIX is a 0D, open-source code designed to model inert gas behaviour within nuclear fuel at the scale of the grain. The code predominantly employs mechanistic approaches based on kinetic rate-theory models to calculate engineering quantities, such as fission gas release and gaseous fuel swelling. Since its release, SCIANTIX has undergone significant improvements, including the incorporation of new modelling and numerical capabilities. The code architecture has been revamped, embracing an object-orientated structure improving the overall efficiency and usability. This work provides a concise overview of the current state of the SCIANTIX code, highlighting recent updates and advancements. Each SCIANTIX model is presented along with the corresponding separate-effect validation database, which is used to assess its accuracy and predictions

ON A REGULARISATION OF A NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION RELATED TO THE NON-HOMOGENEOUS AIRY EQUATION

In this paper we study a nonlinear differential equation related to a non-homogeneous Airy equation. The linear equation has two families of solutions. We apply a procedure of resolution of points of indeterminacy to a system of first order differential equations equivalent to the nonlinear equation and study how the corresponding families of solutions are transformed

Non-minimum tensor rank Gabidulin codes

The tensor rank of some Gabidulin codes of small dimension is investigated. In particular, we determine the tensor rank of any rank metric code equivalent to an 8-dimensional Fq-linear generalized Gabidulin code in Fq4×4. This shows that such a code is never minimum tensor rank. In this way, we detect the first infinite family of Gabidulin codes which are not minimum tensor rank

Aplicação de lógica fuzzy para estimativa de área plantada da cultura de soja utilizando imagens AVHRR-NOAA.

Nesse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho é desenvolver uma metodologia de classificação automática baseada em lógica fuzzy utilizando índices de vegetação de imagens AVHRR-NOAA para estimar a área plantada de soja no nível sub-pixel

Underemployment in Historical Perspective and the Brazilian Occupational Structure between 1980 and 2010

Este artigo propõe um exame teórico e histórico das fragilidades que atravessam a estrutura ocupacional brasileira a partir do conceito de subemprego apresentada por Rodríguez (1985). De modo a destacar os vínculos entre as atividades agrícolas e não-agrícolas, observamos uma deterioração acentuada do mercado de trabalho entre 1980 e 2010. Este período é, de um lado, marcado pela desindustrialização e, de outro, pela especialização regressiva, que tem na expansão constante da fronteira agrícola uma de suas principais características263This paper proposes a theoretical and historical examination of the weaknesses that cross the Brazilian occupational structure from the concept of underemployment developed by Rodríguez (1985). In order to highlight the links between agricultural and non-agricultural activities, we observed a marked deterioration of the labour market between 1980 and 2010. This period is, on the one hand, characterized by deindustrialization and, on the other hand, by regressive specialization that has in the constant expansion of agricultural frontier one of its main characteristicssem informaçã

Maximum scattered linear sets and MRD-codes

The rank of a scattered -linear set of , rn even, is at most rn / 2 as it was proved by Blokhuis and Lavrauw. Existence results and explicit constructions were given for infinitely many values of r, n, q (rn even) for scattered -linear sets of rank rn / 2. In this paper, we prove that the bound rn / 2 is sharp also in the remaining open cases. Recently Sheekey proved that scattered -linear sets of of maximum rank n yield -linear MRD-codes with dimension 2n and minimum distance . We generalize this result and show that scattered -linear sets of of maximum rank rn / 2 yield -linear MRD-codes with dimension rn and minimum distance n - 1

Algebraic entropy for algebraic maps

We propose an extension of the concept of algebraic entropy, as introduced by Bellon and Viallet for rational maps, to algebraic maps (or correspondences) of a certain kind. The corresponding entropy is an index of the complexity of the map. The definition inherits the basic properties from the definition of entropy for rational maps. We give an example with positive entropy, as well as two examples taken from the theory of Backlund transformations

Renewable Resources for Enantiodiscrimination: Chiral Solvating Agents for NMR Spectroscopy from Isomannide and Isosorbide

A new family of chiral selectors was synthesized in a single synthetic step with yields up to 84% starting from isomannide and isosorbide. Mono- or disubstituted carbamate derivatives were obtained by reacting the isohexides with electron-donating arylisocyanate (3,5-dimethylphenyl- or 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl-) and electron-withdrawing arylisocyanate (3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-) groups to test opposite electronic effects on enantiodifferentiation. Deeper chiral pockets and derivatives with more acidic protons were obtained by derivatization with 1-naphthylisocyanate and p-toluenesulfonylisocyanate, respectively. All compounds were tested as chiral solvating agents (CSAs) in H-1 NMR experiments with rac-N-3,5-dinitrobenzoylphenylglycine methyl ester in order to determine the influence of different structural features on the enantiodiscrimination capabilities. Some selected compounds were tested with other racemic analytes, still leading to enantiodiscrimination. The enantiodiscrimination conditions were then optimized for the best CSA/analyte couple. Finally, a 2D- and 1D-NMR study was performed employing the best performing CSA with the two enantiomers of the selected analyte, aiming to determine the enantiodiscrimination mechanism, the stoichiometry of interaction, and the complexation constant