Discursos sobre juventude e práticas psicológicas: a produção dos modos de ser jovem. Brasil

O jovem tem sido foco de atenção de instituições sociais, sejam públicas ou privadas. Nos discursos da sociedade sobre essa população, o jovem aparece associado, mais recentemente, à idéia de inserção nos processos sociais. No campo acadêmico, vê-se uma grande produção de pesquisas e de conhecimento em torno da juventude. Nas produções de conhecimento sobre a juventude, circula um discurso de preocupação com relação aos jovens no tocante à sua integração na ordem social, envolvendo a produção econômica e a constituição familiar. Assim, neste artigo, nos remetemos às concepções de juventude que foram sendo veiculadas em diferentes momentos sociais e a como foi se visibilizando um determinado discurso sobre a categoria juventude, articulado à noção de problema. Buscamos discutir a implicação do modo como as práticas psicológicas foram prescrevendo e legitimando esse discurso e como os jovens estão sendo afetados por determinadas práticas sociais presentes no contemporâneo, gerando diferentes formas de subjetivação que, por sua vez, serão pensadas, investidas e implicadas em relações de poder e verdade, sustentadas por saberes, como, por exemplo, o psicológico. Ainda, procuramos evidenciar como esses sujeitos, neste contemporâneo, estão sendo foco de investimento do mercado capitalista como consumidores potenciais.-I. Introdução. -II. Algumas concepções de juventude. -III. O Campo Psi: prescrições nas concepções de juventude. -IV. A inscrição do jovem no contemporâneo: de sujeito problema a sujeito consumidor. -V. À guisa de conclusão: uma categoria de juventude a ser pensada... -Bibliografia

Biodegradable Chitosan Matrix Composite Reinforced with Titanium Dioxide for Biocidal Applications

Access to drinkable water is increasingly difficult in developing nations. According to the World Health Organization, more than 1.2 billion people lack access to this resource. The scientific community has risen to the challenge by developing innovating methods to purify water. In this context, a chitosan/titanium dioxide biocomposite represents an appealing, economically viable solution to remove oils, heavy metals, and pathogen colonies from contaminated waters. The present chapter reports the study of a chitosan film matrix impregnated with nanoparticles, which was capable of expressing antibacterial properties when exposed to UV light. Several techniques allowed characterizing the biocomposite uniformity, corroborating the crystal structure and assessing the bonding type of this biocomposite mixture. Antibacterial tests with Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) were completed via growth curve analysis and the Kirby-Bauer technique. The results of this encompassing study revealed that bacterial growth was reduced by more than 50%. Optical microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction helped to characterize this biocomposite film. This chapter discusses how a novel and biodegradable film represents a better antibacterial material that is able to eliminate pathogens cost-effectively

Prediction of Nike’s Stock Price Based on the Best Time Series Modeling

Nike is one of the world's largest shoe, clothing, and sports equipment companies. The more modern the development of the era, the more diverse the fashion. Of course, investors can consider this when deciding whether to invest in Nike's brand shares. Stock prices constantly fluctuate up and down, so investors need to implement strategies to minimize losses in investing to achieve economic growth. This supports the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in point 8 regarding the importance of sustainable economic growth and investment in infrastructure development to improve economic welfare. Investors can minimize losses by predicting or forecasting stock prices. Stock prices can be analyzed using specific methods. The update that will be brought in this study is the Nike brand stock price prediction for the 2020-2024 period using the best model from the time series method comparison conducted using classical nonparametric, which consists of the kernel estimator method and the Fourier series estimator method and modern nonparametric using the Support Vector Regression (SVR) method. Based on the analysis method, the best method is selected through the minimum MAPE value. A comparison of the results of Nike brand stock price predictions using several methods shows that the MAPE value of the Nike brand stock price data analysis is the minimum obtained using the kernel estimator approach, which is 1.564%. Thus, the kernel estimator approach predicts the Nike brand stock price much better. Predictions using the best methods can be recommendations and evaluations for economic actors to prepare better economic planning

A Cross-Cultural Leadership Behavior Prediction Model for Advancing Organizational and Global Management Practices

In today’s globally interconnected environment, recognizing culturally preferred leadership behaviors is dynamic for effective organizational and global management. This research presents a cross-cultural leadership behavior prediction model that employs advanced machine learning (ML) techniques to analyze and forecast leadership preferences across diverse cultural contexts. The research gathers data from Kaggle, comprising 6,945 responses across five countries, to analyze behavioral, demographic, and cultural aspects, and employs preprocessing techniques for improved model reliability. The model employs algorithms, such as the Scalable Golden Jackal Optimizer-driven Stacked Random Forest (SGO-SRF) to predict and uncover patterns in leadership behavior preferences. Cultural indicators and demographic features are analyzed using Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) to identify their impact on these various leadership dimensions. The model was primarily applied using a baseline Random Forest (RF), then established through a Stacked RF approach, and finally optimized using the proposed hybrid SGO-SRF, which attained the highest performance across all evaluation metrics. The hybrid method was implemented in Python and it demonstrated superior performance, achieving higher accuracy (92.11%), F1-scores (88.09%), precision (81.98%), and Recall (85.19%). The research reveals that cultural values significantly influence leadership preferences, with long-term orientation affecting uncertainty tolerance, restraint affecting integration, and entrepreneurial values influencing structure, production emphasis, and predictive performance

Analysis of Text Mining Clustering on Suara Surabaya Crime Report with DBSCAN Neural Network Autoencoder Algorithm

Criminality, or crime, is a behavior that violates the law or is contrary to applicable values and norms. A high number of criminal behaviors criminal behaviors in a community significantly impacts its social conditions, leading to a decrease in welfare, unrest, and material losses that pose a threat to an individual's life. This study examines text mining on crime report data from Suara Surabaya using the DBSCAN clustering method and the Neural Network Autoencoder. The neural network autoencoder algorithm effectively reduces the data dimension, with an input dimension of 300 and an encode dimension of 64. Clustering analysis using the DBSCAN method based on the silhouette coefficient value criterion resulted in three clusters, with cluster 1 dominating the report. The clustering results show essential patterns in complaint reports, and LDA analysis reveals critical topics in the report. Cluster 0 shows a diversity of reports focusing on motor loss, interaction with homes or properties, and people's entry into homes. Cluster 1 is more focused on the loss of vehicles, both cars and motorcycles, with specific details such as vehicle color, number, brand, and related transactions or social interactions. Meanwhile, cluster 2 focuses on reports related to interactions with police stations and information on the location of incidents. This text mining approach to community crime report data not only improves analysis accuracy and efficiency, but also provides essential information that can support efforts to handle and prevent crime

Nonintegrating Lentiviral Vector-Based Vaccine Efficiently Induces Functional and Persistent CD8+ T Cell Responses in Mice

CD8+ T cells are an essential component of an effective host immune response to tumors and viral infections. Genetic immunization is particularly suitable for inducing CTL responses, because the encoded proteins enter the MHC class I processing pathway through either transgene expression or cross-presentation. In order to compare the efficiency and persistence of immune response induced by genetic vaccines, BALB/c mice were immunized either twice intramuscularly with DNA plasmid expressing a codon-optimized HIV-1 gp120 Envelope sequence together with murine GM-CSF sequence or with a single immunization using an integrase defective lentiviral vector (IDLV) expressing the same proteins. Results strongly indicated that the schedule based on IDLV vaccine was more efficient in inducing specific immune response, as evaluated three months after the last immunization by IFNγ ELISPOT in both splenocytes and bone marrow- (BM-) derived cells, chromium release assay in splenocytes, and antibody detection in sera. In addition, IDLV immunization induced high frequency of polyfunctional CD8+ T cells able to simultaneously produce IFNγ, TNFα, and IL2

Epidemiology, practice of ventilation and outcome for patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications

BACKGROUND Limited information exists about the epidemiology and outcome of surgical patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), and how intraoperative ventilation was managed in these patients. OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of surgical patients at increased risk of PPCs, and to compare the intraoperative ventilation management and postoperative outcomes with patients at low risk of PPCs. DESIGN This was a prospective international 1-week observational study using the ‘Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia risk score’ (ARISCAT score) for PPC for risk stratification. PATIENTS AND SETTING Adult patients requiring intraoperative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals across 29 countries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the incidence of patients at increased risk of PPCs based on the ARISCAT score. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative ventilatory management and clinical outcomes. RESULTS A total of 9864 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The incidence of patients at increased risk was 28.4%. The most frequently chosen tidal volume (VT) size was 500 ml, or 7 to 9 ml kg1 predicted body weight, slightly lower in patients at increased risk of PPCs. Levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were slightly higher in patients at increased risk of PPCs, with 14.3% receiving more than 5 cmH2O PEEP compared with 7.6% in patients at low risk of PPCs (P < 0.001). Patients with a predicted preoperative increased risk of PPCs developed PPCs more frequently: 19 versus 7%, relative risk (RR) 3.16 (95% confidence interval 2.76 to 3.61), P < 0.001) and had longer hospital stays. The only ventilatory factor associated with the occurrence of PPCs was the peak pressure. CONCLUSION The incidence of patients with a predicted increased risk of PPCs is high. A large proportion of patients receive high VT and low PEEP levels. PPCs occur frequently in patients at increased risk, with worse clinical outcome