Professional Interests in the Early Youth: Peculiarities of Boys and Girls

We give the results of research interests in choosing a profession among high school students. The sample consisted of 859 people, 385 of them were boys and 474 were girls between the ages of 14 and 18. The purpose of the study is to study the differences in interests between young men and women that we identified earlier inthe professional fields of technology and art in relation to other professional spheres. For the study, the results of computer testing, using the ‘Proforientator’ method, were used. Studies have made it possible to identify the psychological construct as a community of interests in the professional fields of technology, science and sign.Another distinguished psychological construct is the combination of interests of art, communication, business and sign. It is shown that there are specific, reflecting gender identity in addition to the common interests in the professional socialization among boys and girls. The following specific features are revealed: interest in technology among young men is an additional combination with interests in the professions of business and art. So, girls have an additional combination of interests in the fields of nature and communication but young men have interest in art and it is combined with interests in the professions of science and nature. Keywords: interests, professional socialization, professional spheres, career guidance work with teenager

Gender Approach in Professional Orientation of School Students

The Constitution of Russia states that women have the same right to education and professional employment and have the right to equal pay for equal work. However, similarly to most countries, gender asymmetry is observed in Russian labor market. In recent years, a growing number of studies have focused on the topic of gender socialization and its connection to professional self-determination. Our article is devoted to the gender-related aspects of school students’ career choice. We rely on the most recognized methodology in Russia developed by A.G. Shmelev’s group: computer-assisted test battery “Proforientator”.Our research has shown statistically significant differences in future career preferences of male and female students aged between 14 and 18 in all spheres, with the exception of “Communication”. Young men of early adolescence showed great interest in such professional spheres as “Technology”, “Science”, “Business”, “Sign”, and “Risk” while high school girls showed a strong inclination to “Art” and “Nature”. Thus, thisdistribution of preferences can be considered as a gender-dependent. Our study has also identified masculine characteristics in females and feminine characteristics in males in the formation of their professional interests. We believe that it is important to take into account the process of gender socialization when working to support the professional self-determination of young people. The revealed regularities require further research. Keywords: gender, gender socialization, professional self-determination, interests. professional spheres, professional orientation

Q value and half-life of double-electron capture in Os-184

Os-184 has been excluded as a promising candidate for the search of neutrinoless double-electron capture. High-precision mass measurements with the Penning-trap mass spectrometer TRIGA-TRAP resulted in a marginal resonant enhancement with = -8.89(58) keV excess energy to the 1322.152(22) keV 0+ excited state in W-184. State-of-the-art energy density functional calculations are applied for the evaluation of the nuclear matrix elements to the excited states predicting a strong suppression due to the large deformation of mother and daughter states. The half-life of the transition in Os-184 exceeds T_{1/2} > 1.3 10^{29} years for an effective neutrino mass of 1 eV.Comment: accepted in Phys. Rev.

Integral estimation of systemic inflammatory response under sepsis

Currently, the most significant mediators of the systemic inflammatory response (SIR), specific to the development of critical states in sepsis, have the chaotic changes of concentrations in the blood. The solution to the problem is using integral indicators. A scoring scale of the SIR (0–16 points) is proposed based on the determination in the blood plasma of CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10. The scale was used in the survey of 167 patients with a diagnosis of sepsis (43 patients with sepsis according to definitions of “Sepsis-1 or 2” and 124 patients with sepsis according to the criteria of “Sepsis-3”); septic shock was verified in 31 cases and in 48 cases lethal outcomes were recorded. The association of SIR with critical complications of sepsis was revealed, especially under acute septic shock and in cases of a “second wave” (days 5–7) of critical complications. In contrast, prolonged/ subacute sepsis (more than 14 days) under tertiary peritonitis is characterised by a lesser dependence of the criticality of the state on the severity of SIR. The proposed scale is an open system and allows you to modify the range of used particular indicators that are compatible by pathogenetic and diagnostic significance. © 2020, Slovak Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.The work was carried out within the framework of the IIP UrB RAS theme No АААА-А18-118020590108-7

PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS DETECTED DURING MASS SCREENING AND BY REFERRAL TO MEDICAL UNITS

In Russia tuberculosis patients are detected during preventive mass screening and by self referral to medical units with clinical signs of the disease.Goal of the study: to compare pulmonary tuberculosis patients detected during mass screening and by self referral to medical units with clinical signs of the disease.Materials and methods: Data about 446 pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated in Republican TB Dispensary of Saransk in 2012-2014 were retrieved from Rosttsat Forms no. 8 and 33 and Russian Ministry of Health Reporting Forms (Edict 50). Statistica software was used for data processing.Results. Among 446 pulmonary tuberculosis patients detected in 2012-2014, the part of those detected during mass screening made ¾ out of total number, and those detected by self-referral made ¼, however the latter group of patients was significantly more dangerous from epidemiological point of view, since among them the part of those with long period of the disease before treatment start was higher, the positive sputum tests were more often observed as well as pulmonary cavities and primary MDR compared to the patients detected during mass screening.The obtained results point out at the need to focus on mass screening in the targeted groups of population concentrated around sources of infection

Homogenization of Variational Inequalities for the p-Laplace Operator in Perforated Media Along Manifolds

We address homogenization problems of variational inequalities for the p-Laplace operator in a domain of Rn (n ? 3, p ? [2, n)) periodically perforated by balls of radius O(??) where ? > 1 and ? is the size of the period. The perforations are distributed along a (n ? 1)-dimensional manifold ? , and we impose constraints for solutions and their fluxes (associated with the p-Laplacian) on the boundary of the perforations. These constraints imply that the solution is positive and that the flux is bounded from above by a negative, nonlinear monotonic function of the solution multiplied by a parameter ? ?? , ? ? R and ? is a small parameter that we shall make to go to zero. We analyze different relations between the parameters p, n, ?, ? and ?, and obtain homogenized problems which are completely new in the literature even for the case p = 2.This work has been partially supported by the Spanish grant MINECO:MTM2013-44883-P

Биохимические и морфологические показатели крови коров с субклинической формой мастита

This study aims to study the biochemical and morphological parameters of the blood of cows with subclinical mastitis. Experimental studies were conducted at Selyana LLC (Kuzbassky village, Kemerovo district, Kemerovo region) in 2021–2022. For this experiment, 12 cows were selected. Animals were divided into experimental (sick) and control (healthy) - 6 goals in each group. Animals were chosen according to the pair-analogues method, considering their live weight, breed, age at calving, milk yield, fat milk content, and physiological state. Body temperature was measured with a mercury thermometer with a scale graduated in Celsius from 34 to 42 ºС. The measurements were carried out for 5 min. The pulse rate was determined on the external maxillary artery for a minute. The number of exhalations calculated the frequency of respiratory movements. The same feeding and maintenance were organised for two groups of animals, i.e., they were in their usual conditions. In animals, after diagnostic tests for mastitis, blood was taken to study biochemical and morphological parameters. In sick animals, hyperproteinemia (87.43±0.82 g/l), low calcium content (87.43±0.82 g/l), and an increase in the level of phosphatase (156.15±0.50 U/l) were noted. In cows with mastitis, the number of leukocytes increased to 14.06 ± 2.29 × 1012/l. The average haemoglobin concentration in the erythrocyte was 27.77±0.43 in the control group and 27.87±0.21 g/dl in the experimental group. When studying the leukogram, the number of monocytes in the control group was 2.23±1.51, and in the group of animals with mastitis - 3.47±1.71%.Целью настоящего исследования является изучение биохимических и морфологических показателей крови коров с субклинической формой мастита. Экспериментальные исследования проводили в ООО «Селяна» (п. Кузбасский, Кемеровского района, Кемеровской области) в 2021–2022 гг. Для данного эксперимента было отобрано 12 коров. Животные были разделены на две группы – опытную (больные) и контрольную (здоровые) – по 6 голов в каждой группе. Животных отбирали по методу пар-аналогов с учетом их живой массы, породы, возраста в отелах, удоя, жирности молока, физиологического состояния. Температуру тела измеряли ртутным термометром со шкалой, градуированной по Цельсию от 34 до 42 ºС. Измерения проводили в течение 5 мин. Частоту пульса определяли на наружной челюстной артерии в течение минуты. Частоту дыхательных движений подсчитывали по количеству выдохов. Для двух групп животных было организовано одинаковое кормление и содержание, т. е. они находились в своих привычных условиях. У животных после диагностических исследований на мастит была взята кровь для изучения биохимических и морфологических показателей. У больных животных отмечали гиперпротеинемию (87,43±0,82 г/л), пониженное содержания кальция (87,43±0,82 г/л), повышение уровня фосфатазы (156,15±0,50 Ед/л). У коров, больных маститом, наблюдали повышение количества лейкоцитов до 14,06 ±2,29 · 1012/л. Средняя концентрация гемоглобина в эритроците составила в контрольной группе 27,77±0,43, в опытной – 27,87 ±0,21 г/дл.  Количество моноцитов, при изучении лейкограммы, в контрольной группе составило 2,23±1,51, в группе животных, больных маститом, – 3,47±1,71%

ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗ ЛЕГКИХ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ, ВЫЯВЛЕННЫЙ ВО ВРЕМЯ ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКИХ ОСМОТРОВ И ПРИ ОБРАЩЕНИИ В МЕДИЦИНСКИЕ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

In Russia tuberculosis patients are detected during preventive mass screening and by self referral to medical units with clinical signs of the disease.Goal of the study: to compare pulmonary tuberculosis patients detected during mass screening and by self referral to medical units with clinical signs of the disease.Materials and methods: Data about 446 pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated in Republican TB Dispensary of Saransk in 2012-2014 were retrieved from Rosttsat Forms no. 8 and 33 and Russian Ministry of Health Reporting Forms (Edict 50). Statistica software was used for data processing.Results. Among 446 pulmonary tuberculosis patients detected in 2012-2014, the part of those detected during mass screening made ¾ out of total number, and those detected by self-referral made ¼, however the latter group of patients was significantly more dangerous from epidemiological point of view, since among them the part of those with long period of the disease before treatment start was higher, the positive sputum tests were more often observed as well as pulmonary cavities and primary MDR compared to the patients detected during mass screening.The obtained results point out at the need to focus on mass screening in the targeted groups of population concentrated around sources of infection. В России выявление больных туберкулезом происходит во время массовых периодических осмотров и при самостоятельном обращении лиц в медицинские организации с клиническими проявлениями болезни.Цель исследования: сравнительная характеристика больных туберкулезом легких, выявленных во время периодических осмотров и при обращении в медицинские организации с клиническими проявлениями болезни.Материалы и методы: сведения о 446 больных туберкулезом легких, лечившихся в ГКУЗ «Республиканский противотуберкулезный диспансер» г. Саранска в 2012-2014 гг., получены из отчетных форм Росттата № 8 и 33 и отчетных форм Минздрава России (приказ № 50). Для обработки данных применены стандартные пакеты статистических программ Statistica.Результаты. Среди 446 больных туберкулезом легких, выявленных в 2012-2014 гг., доля выявленных при периодических осмотрах составляла ¾ от их общего числа, а при обращении в медицинские организации с клиническими проявлениями болезни - ¼, однако именно эти пациенты были значительно опаснее в эпидемическом плане, поскольку среди них была достоверно выше доля лиц с длительными периодами заболевания до начала лечения и достоверно чаще обнаруживались бактериовыделение, полости распада в легких и первичная МЛУ МБТ по сравнению с пациентами, выявленными при периодических осмотрах. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о необходимости фокусирования массовых периодических осмотров на целевых группах населения, сконцентрированных вокруг очагов инфекции

The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia

By sequencing 523 ancient humans, we show that the primary source of ancestry in modern South Asians is a prehistoric genetic gradient between people related to early hunter-gatherers of Iran and Southeast Asia. After the Indus Valley Civilization’s decline, its people mixed with individuals in the southeast to form one of the two main ancestral populations of South Asia, whose direct descendants live in southern India. Simultaneously, they mixed with descendants of Steppe pastoralists who, starting around 4000 years ago, spread via Central Asia to form the other main ancestral population. The Steppe ancestry in South Asia has the same profile as that in Bronze Age Eastern Europe, tracking a movement of people that affected both regions and that likely spread the distinctive features shared between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic languages