The new p-process database of KADoNiS

The KADoNiS (Karlsruhe Astrophysical Database of Nucleosynthesis in Stars) project is an online database (www.kadonis.org) for cross sections relevant to the s-process and the p-process. The first version was an updated sequel to the previous Bao et al. [1] compilations from 1987 and 2000 for (n; g) cross sections relevant to Big Bang and s-process nucleosynthesis. The first update, KADoNiS v0.2, was published in 2006 [2]. It contained mainly Maxwellian averaged (n; g) cross sections relevant to the s-process, and some experimental charged particle induced reaction relevant to the p-process. After that a second update was presented in 2009 [3]. Recently, we started to collect and review all existing experimental data relevant for p-process nucleosynthesis and to provide a user-friendly database based on the KADoNiS framework. The p-process part of the KADoNiS database is currently being extended and will include all available experimental data from (p; g), (p;n), (p;a), (a,g), (a;n) and (a; p) reactions in or close to the respective Gamow window

Hierarchies of tree series transformations

AbstractWe study bottom-up and top-down tree series transducers over a semiring A and denote the tree series transformation classes computed by them by BOTt−ts(A) and TOPt−ts(A), respectively. We present the inclusion diagram of the classes p-BOTt−tsn(A), p-TOPt−tsn(A), p-BOTt−tsn+1(A), and p-TOPt−tsn+1(A) and prove its correctness, where A is a commutative izz-semiring (izz=idempotent, zero-divisor free, and zero-sum free) and the prefix p stands for polynomial. This inclusion diagram implies the properness of the following four hierarchies: p-TOPt−ts(A)⊆p-TOPt−ts2(A)⊆p-TOPt−ts3(A)⊆⋯,p-BOTt−ts(A)⊆p-BOTt−ts2(A)⊆p-BOTt−ts3(A)⊆⋯,p-TOPt−ts(A)⊆p-BOTt−ts2(A)⊆p-TOPt−ts3(A)⊆p-BOTt−ts4(A)⊆⋯,p-BOTt−ts(A)⊆p-TOPt−ts2(A)⊆p-BOTt−ts3(A)⊆p-TOPt−ts4(A)⊆⋯,where the first hierarchy generalizes the famous top-down tree transformation hierarchy of Engelfriet (Math. Systems Theory 15 (1982) 95–125). As the second main result we prove that the first two hierarchies are proper even for arbitrary (i.e., not necessarily commutative) izz-semirings

Ritka nemesgáz izotópokon lejátszódó nukleáris asztrofizikai reakciók vizsgálata = Study of nuclear reactions on rare noble gas isotopes relevant to nuclear astrophysics

A 3He(alfa,gamma)7Be szigma(E) hatáskeresztmetszetére a modellek min. 3,5% pontosságot igényelnek. A mérési eredmények erősen szórnak, ezért a reakciósebességet [szigma(E)] 3 független módszerrel (aktiváció, g-hozam és "recoil" szeparátor) mértük meg. A 3 eredmény átlagértéke jobb a korábbiaknál, de pontossága még nem elegendő, további mérésekre van szükség. A CNO-ciklus más reakcióira [14,15N(p,g)15,16O] is új, meghatározó szigma(E) értékeket adtunk meg (LUNA). A p-folyamat vizsgálatok során számos új reakciósebességet mértünk és összehasonlítottuk Hauser-Feshbach számolásokkal. Eredmény: proton keltette reakciókra az egyezés megfelelő, míg alfa-részecskékre nem. Pontos rugalmas alfa- szórásainkból kapott optikai potenciálokkal számolva sincs egyezés. A p-folyamat tanulmányozására egy új irányt, a (p,n) reakciók alkalmazását vezettük be. Az egyik kulcsreakció [124Xe(alfa,gamma)128Ba] méréséhez a kamra elkészült, tesztelése folyik. Méréseinkhez főleg aktivációs módszert használtunk, ezért mértük különböző anyagokba implantált aktív magok felezési idejének elméletileg jósolt változását. Sem anyag, sem hőmérséklet függést nem találtunk. Nemzetközi együttműködésben (OTKA IN64269) méréseket végeztünk az indirekt Trojan Horse Módszerrel. Bizonyítottuk a módszer asztrofizikai alkalmazhatóságát [7Li(p,alfa)4He], elsőként mértünk interferencia-mentes p-p szórást, valamint az 18O(p,alfa)15N és a 10,11B+p reakciókat az un. Gamow-ablakban (közel nulla energiánál). | The 3He(alpha,gamma)7Be is a key reaction (Big-Bang; Hydrogen Burning), the sigma(E) cross section should be known with a precision of 3.5%. Because of discrepancies between different results, we measured it with 3 independent methods (activation, g-yield, recoil separator). The results are consistent, the average rate improved, however, the precision is still not enough. New sigma(E) values were also determined for reactions important for CNO-cycle. Astrophysical p-process: a lot of new reaction rates were measured. The results were compared with Hauser-Feshbach calculations using different particle-nucleus potentials. Conclusion: for proton induced reactions the agreement is acceptable, contrary to alpha-particles. Optical potentials extracted from precise alpha-elastic scattering didn't solved the problem for alpha-s. A new idea, the applicability of (p,n) reactions in p-process studies was introduced. The key reaction, 124Xe(alpha,gamma)128Ba, is in test phase, the setup was developed. In our studies activation method was mostly used, therefore the predicted halflife changes of active nuclei implanted into different materials were checked. Neither host material nor temperature dependence was found. Experiments were performed by Trojan Horse Method in international collaboration (OTKA IN64269). The applicability of that indirect method was proved (7Li+p), first time the interference-free p-p scattering as well as the 18O+p and 10,11B+p reactions at close to zero energies (no extrapolation) were measured

Origin of the p-process radionuclides ⁹²Nb and ¹⁴⁶Sm in the early solar system and inferences on the birth of the Sun

The abundances of ⁹²Nb and ¹⁴⁶Sm in the early solar system are determined from meteoritic analysis, and their stellar production is attributed to the p process. We investigate if their origin from thermonuclear supernovae deriving from the explosion of white dwarfs with mass above the Chandrasekhar limit is in agreement with the abundance of ⁵³Mn, another radionuclide present in the early solar system and produced in the same events. A consistent solution for ⁹²Nb and ⁵³Mn cannot be found within the current uncertainties and requires the ⁹²Nb/⁹²Mo ratio in the early solar system to be at least 50% lower than the current nominal value, which is outside its present error bars. A different solution is to invoke another production site for ⁹²Nb, which we find in the α-rich freezeout during core-collapse supernovae from massive stars. Whichever scenario we consider, we find that a relatively long time interval of at least ∼10 My must have elapsed from when the star-forming region where the Sun was born was isolated from the interstellar medium and the birth of the Sun. This is in agreement with results obtained from radionuclides heavier than iron produced by neutron captures and lends further support to the idea that the Sun was born in a massive star-forming region together with many thousands of stellar siblings

Collecting duct carcinoma appearing as a hepatic hydatid cyst. A rare case report

George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, The 8th International Medical Congress for Students and Young Doctors, September 24-26, 2020Background. Collecting duct carcinoma is located in the renal medulla and it originates from the collecting duct epithelium. It involves about 1% from all renal epithelial malignancies. Male patients are more exposed and the tumor localization shows a right sided predominance. It is characterized by aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Case report. We present a case of a middle age male patient who complained of right hypochondriac pain. The physical examination evidenced a large abdominal tumor formation in the right hypochondria and ultrasonography highlighted a mass, localized in the 8th segment of the right liver lobe. The primary diagnosis defined a hepatic hydatid cyst. A subsequent CT scan revealed a cystic structure of the right kidney, which presented Bosniak III type and measured 126x121x146 mm. Surgical treatment was initiated and intraoperatively a right kidney tumor was detected, due to which right nephrectomy was performed. The histopathological examination and the immunohistochemical profile established the final diagnosis of collecting duct carcinoma, with the tumor stage of pT3Nx. Regarding the patient's evolution, he was mobilized on the first postoperative day and was discharged after seven days. The patient did not receive any oncological treatment. 18 months following surgery the laboratory investigation values were within normal limits and any sign of relapse was excluded with ultrasonography. After 20 months the patient affirms that he is in good overall condition. Conclusions. As conclusion early diagnosis and surgical treatment can improve patient’s prognosis and disease-free survival. This work was supported by the Collegium Talentum 2019 Program of Hungary

Weighted languages recognizable by weighted tree automata

Yields of recognizable weighted tree languages, yields of local weighted tree languages, and weighted context-free languages are related. It is shown that the following five classes of weighted languages are the same: (i) the class of weighted languages generated by plain weighted context-free grammars, (ii) the class of weighted languages recognized by plain weighted tree automata, (iii) the class of weighted languages recognized by deterministic and plain topdown weighted tree automata, (iv) the class of weighted languages recognized by deterministic and plain bottom-up weighted tree automata, and (v) the class of weighted languages determined by plain weighted local systems

Automaták, fák és logika = Automata, trees and logic

Elemi idejű exponenciális algoritmus adtunk meg reguláris szavak ekvivalenciájának eldönthetőségére. Általánosítottuk Kleene tételét végtelen szavakat is felismerő súlyozott automatákra. Kifejlesztettünk egy algebrai módszert, amellyel a CTL logika számos szegmense estén eldönthető, hogy egy reguláris fanyelv definiálható-e a szegmensben. Vizsgáltuk a faautomaták algebrai tulajdonságait, megadtuk a felismerhetőség egy algebrai jellemzését. Definiáltunk a multi-leszálló fatranszformátort és megmutattuk, hogy ekvivalens a determinisztikus reguláris szűkítésű felszálló fatranszformátorral. Meghatároztuk a lineáris multi-leszálló osztály számítási erejét. Megmutattuk, hogy az alakmegőrző leszálló fatranszformátorok ekvivalensek az átcímkézőkkel és bebizonyítottuk, hogy az alakmegőrző tulajdonság eldönthető. Megadtuk a kavics makró fatranszformációk egy felbontását és megmutattuk, hogy a különböző cirkularitási tulajdonságok eldönthetők. Ugyancsak megadtuk a felbontást erős kavics kezelés estén is. Általánosítottuk J. Engelfriet hiararchia tételét súlyozott fatranszformátorokra. Súlyozott faautomatákra definiáltuk a termátíró szemantikát és megmutattuk, hogy ekvivalens az algebari szenmatikával. Algoritmust adtunk annak eldöntésére, hogy egy polinomiálisan súlyozott faautomata véges költségű-e. Vizsgáltuk a súlyozott faautomata különböző változatait: fuzzy faautomata, multioperátor monoid feletti faautomata, Ez utóbbi esetre általánosítottuk a Kleene tételt. | We gave an elementary algorithm for deciding the equivalence of regular words. We generalized Kleene's theorem to weighted automata processing infinite words. We developed an algebraic method that, for several segments of the CTL logic, can be applied to decide if a regular tree language can be defined in that segment. We examined algebraic properties of tree automata, and gave an algebraic characterization of recognizability. We defined multi bottom-up tree transducers and showed that they are equivalent to top-down tree transducers with regular look-ahead. We determined the computation power of the linear subclass. We showed that shape preserving bottom-up tree transducers are equivalent to relabelings. We proved that the shape preserving property is decidable. We gave a decomposition for pebble macro tree transducers and showed that certain circularity properties are decidable. We also gave a decomposition for the strong pebble handling. We have generalized the hierarchy theorem of J. Engelfriet to weighted tree transducers. We defined the term rewrite semantics of weighted tree transducers and showed that it is equivalent to the algebraic semantics. We gave a decision algorithm for the finite cost property of a polynomially weighted tree automata. We defined different versions of weighted tree automata: fuzzy tree automata, weighted tree automata over a multioperator monoid. For the latter we generalized Kleene's theorem

Mag-asztrofizika indirekt módszerekkel = Nuclear Astrophysics with indirect methods

A 3He(?,?)7Be ?(E) hatáskeresztmetszetére a modellek min. 3,5% pontosságot igényelnek. A mérési eredmények erősen szórnak, ezért a reakciósebességet [?(E)] 3 független módszerrel (aktiváció, g-hozam és „recoil” szeparátor) mértük meg. A 3 eredmény átlagértéke jobb a korábbiaknál, de pontossága még nem elegendő, további mérésekre van szükség. A CNO-ciklus más reakcióira [14,15N(p,g)15,16O] is új, meghatározó ?(E) értékeket adtunk meg (LUNA). A p-folyamat vizsgálatok során számos új reakciósebességet mértünk és összehasonlítottuk Hauser-Feshbach számolásokkal. Eredmény: proton keltette reakciókra az egyezés megfelelő, míg ?-részecskékre nem. Pontos rugalmas ?- szórásainkból kapott optikai potenciálokkal számolva sincs egyezés. A p-folyamat tanulmányozására egy új irányt, a (p,n) reakciók alkalmazását vezettük be. Az egyik kulcsreakció [124Xe(?,gamma)128Ba] méréséhez a kamra elkészült, tesztelése folyik. Méréseinkhez főleg aktivációs módszert használtunk, ezért mértük különböző anyagokba implantált aktív magok felezési idejének elméletileg jósolt változását. Sem anyag, sem hőmérséklet függést nem találtunk. Nemzetközi együttműködésben (OTKA IN64269) méréseket végeztünk az indirekt Trojan Horse Módszerrel. Bizonyítottuk a módszer asztrofizikai alkalmazhatóságát [7Li(p,?)4He], elsőként mértünk interferencia-mentes p-p szórást, valamint az 18O(p,?)15N és a 10,11B+p reakciókat az un. Gamow-ablakban (közel nulla energiánál). | The 3He(?,?)7Be is a key reaction (Big-Bang; Hydrogen Burning), the ?(E) cross section should be known with a precision of 3.5%. Because of discrepancies between different results, we measured it with 3 independent methods (activation, g-yield, recoil separator). The results are consistent, the average rate improved, however, the precision is still not enough. New ?(E) values were also determined for reactions important for CNO-cycle. Astrophysical p-process: a lot of new reaction rates were measured. The results were compared with Hauser-Feshbach calculations using different particle-nucleus potentials. Conclusion: for proton induced reactions the agreement is acceptable, contrary to ?-particles. Optical potentials extracted from precise ?-elastic scattering didn't solved the problem for ?-s. A new idea, the applicability of (p,n) reactions in p-process studies was introduced. The key reaction, 124Xe(?,gamma)128Ba, is in test phase, the setup was developed. In our studies activation method was mostly used, therefore the predicted halflife changes of active nuclei implanted into different materials were checked. Neither host material nor temperature dependence was found. Experiments were performed by Trojan Horse Method in international collaboration. The applicability of that indirect method was proved (7Li+p), first time the interference-free p-p scattering as well as the 18O+p and 10,11B+p reactions at close to zero energies (no extrapolation) were measured