Relative-coordinate determination for visual double stars by applying Fourier transforms

We discuss the software developed for the purpose of determining the relative coordinates (position angle θ and separation ρ) for visual double or multiple stars. It is based on application of Fourier transforms in treating CCD frames of these systems. The objective was to determine the relative coordinates automatically to an extent as large as possible. In this way the time needed for the reduction of many CCD frames becomes shorter. The capabilities and limitations of the software are examined. Besides, the possibility of improving is also considered. The software has been tested and checked on a sample consisting of CCD frames of 165 double or multiple stars obtained with the 2m telescope at NAO Rozhen in Bulgaria in October 2011. The results have been compared with the corresponding results obtained by applying different software and the agreement is found to be very good

Višegodišnje leguminoze i trave - stabilan izvor kvalitetne kabaste stočne hrane

Perennial legumes, alfalfa, red clover, bird's foot trefoil, white clover, sainfoin and grasses, cock's foot, meadow fescue, tall fescue, Italian ryegrass, English ryegrass, French ryegrass, red fescue and Timothy grass can be grown successfully in pure crops and in legume-grass mixtures, on different soil types. Their importance in livestock development is based primarily on the great potential for yield of dry matter of over 20 t ha-1 if adequate agro-technical measures have been applied. Also, perennial legumes are characterized with high content of nutritive substances, especially protein and represent the most important protein source in livestock nutrition. Depending on the species and pheno stage of utilization, the content of crude proteins in grasses varies from 100 to 174,6 g kg-1 of DM, and in perennial legumes from 190,0 to 228,8 g kg-1 of DM. Livestock feed obtained from these plant species can be used in several ways, from grazing as most efficient and economical way, to preparation of hay and high quality silages and haylages. Stated forage species are very important in sustainable agriculture and organic production, considering that they carry out the process of biological fixation of nitrogen, but also from the ecological aspect. By using diverse selection/breeding material numerous domestic cultivars of perennial legumes and grasses have been created which are characterized with high potential for main agronomical traits.Višegodišnje leguminoze, lucerka, crvena detelina, žuti zvezdan, bela detelina, esparzeta i trave ježevica, livadski vijuk, visoki vijuk, italijanski ljulj, engleski ljulj, francuski ljulj, crveni vijuk i mačiji rep, mogu se uspešno gajiti u čistom usevu ili u leguminozno-travnim smešama, na različitim tipovima zemljišta. Njihov značaj u razvoju stočarstva, pre svega, se zasniva na visokom potencijalu za prinos suve materije, koji se uz primenu savremenih agrotehničkih mera kreće i preko 20 t ha-1. Pored toga, višegodišnje leguminoze se odlikuju visokim sadržajem hranljivih materija, posebno proteina i predstavljaju najvažniji izvor proteina u ishrani domaćih životinja. U zavisnosti od vrste i fenofaze iskorišćavanja sadržaj sirovih proteina kod trava se kreće od 100 do 174,6 g kg-1 SM, a kod višegodišnjih leguminoza od 190,0 do 228,8 g kg-1 SM. Stočna hrana dobijena od ovih biljnih vrsta može se koristiti na više načina, od ispaše kao najefikasnijeg i najekonomičnijeg načina, preko pripreme sena, do spravljanja kvalitetnih senaža i silaža. Navedene krmne vrste imaju veoma značajno mesto u održivoj poljoprivredi i organskoj proizvodnji, obzirom da obavljaju proces biološke fiksacije azota, veoma su značajne i sa ekološkog aspekta. Korišćenjem divergentnog selekcionog materijala stvoren je veliki broj domaćih sorti višegodišnjih leguminoza i trava koje se odlikuju visokim potencijalom za osnovna agronomska svojstva

The Effect of Partial Root-Zone Drying on Tomato Fruit Growth

Tomato fruit growth and productivity are complex processes depending on the interaction between physiological, genetic and environmental factors. Under current climate conditions of drought and scarce water supply, the challenge is to increase water use efficiency and to sustain tomato yield. Partial root-zone drying technique (PRD) is one of the irrigation methods with the potential to increase the water use efficiency and sustain the yield of many crops including tomato. The aim of presented results was to investigate the effects of PRD on tomato fruit growth, the activity of cell wall-associated peroxidase and ABA content in pericarp of tomato cultivar Ailsa Craig. The experiment was done in controlled conditions and plants under PRD received 70% of water given to full irrigated plants (FI) plants. In PRD irrigation is applied to one half of the root system while the other half dried down and then the treatment was reversed. ABA content in fruit pericarp was measured by ELISA test and cell wall-associated peroxidase activity by a guaiacol test. Fruit growth parameters showed that the maximal growth rate was significantly higher in FI plants than PRD but because the longer period of cell expansion the final diameter of PRD tomato fruits was slightly higher in PRD than in FI fruits. ABA content in tomato pericarp declined during the tomato development until the end of cell growth phase without significant differences between PRD and FI treated plants. The activity of peroxidase was significantly higher in PRD compared to FI. The significantly increase in the activity of enzyme cell wall-associated peroxidase in tomato fruit pericarp under PRD conditions coincided with the end of cell growth and the beginning of the ripening process. These results pointed out that this enzyme may control tomato fruit maturation

Paradajz - model biljka za ispitivanje rastenja i razvića plodova

Because of its specific biochemical and molecular properties and nutrient importance, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an established model to study fruit growth and development. This review paper addresses several aspects of tomato fruit growth and development including its specific phases, control by water regime, cell wall enzymes, plant hormones and metabolic processes.U ovom radu dat je pregled najnovijih rezultata koji su od značaja za razumevanje biohemijskih i fizioloških procesa u toku rastenja plodova. Rezultati su predstavljeni za paradajz kao model biljku za ispitivanje plodova. Iako nisu detaljno predstavljena, genetska istraživanja takođe doprinose poznavanju rastenja i razvića plodova. Prinos paradajza, kao i drugih kultura, u značajnoj meri zavisi od efikasnosti rastenja plodova te su stoga stečena znanja i od praktičnog značaja

TRADICIONALNI GENOTIPOVI JABUKE IZ ZAPADNE SRBIJE - EVALUACIJA KVALITETA I SENZORIČKIH KARAKTERISTIKA

Jabuka je jedna od najgajenijih vrsta voćaka u svetu i u Srbiji. Kvalitet plodova jabuke je značajan kako za stonu potrošnju, tako i za prerađivačku industriju. Tradicionalni genotipovi, lokalne populacije i divlji srodnici kultivisanih biljaka pokazuju širok spektar raznovrsnih osobina kvaliteta i otpornosti na stres, što može biti značajno za budućnost poljoprivrede. Oni predstavljaju važan resurs za buduće programe oplemenjivanja i imaju veliki značaj u kontekstu rastućih klimatskih promena. Konzervacija i održiva upotreba tradicionalnih genotipova obezbeđuje diverzitet ishrane lokalnih zajednica i veću nezavisnost lokalnih sistema proizvodnje hrane. Tradicionalni genotipovi gajeni u tradicionalnim, ekstenzivnim poljoprivrednim sistemima su takođe značajni sa aspekta zaštite životne sredine u poljoprivredi. Oni takođe imaju kulturološki i gastronomski značaj. Region zapadne Srbije je veoma bogat tradicionalnim genotipovima voća, pa stoga predstavlja zanimljivo područje za istraživanje ovih genetičkih resursa. Cilj ovog rada je bila evaluacija kvaliteta i senzoričkih osobina plodova 11 tradicionalnih genotipova jabuke iz zapadne Srbije, koja je praćena analizom saznanja vezanih za upotrebu ovih genotipova. Sa aspekta kvaliteta plodova, mereni su masa, širina i dužina ploda, čvrstina ploda, sadržaj solubilnih materija i organskih kiselina. Senzoričke osobine plodova su ocenjene putem upitnika za najvažnije karakteristike ploda: izgled, miris, ukus, sočnost i trpkost. Analiza morfoloških osobina je pokazala da je najveću masu plodova, ali i najmanju čvrstinu imao genotip 'Kožara žuta'. Najčvršći plodovi su bili prisutni kod genotipova 'Repača' i 'Kožara starinska'. Najveći sadržaj solubilnih materija i organskih kiselina su imali plodovi genotipa 'Kožara starinska'. Najniži sadržaj organskih kiselina 109 odlikuje genotipove 'Valijka', 'Bela vajlija' i 'Šarenika', dok je najniži sadržaj solubilnih materija prisutan kod genotipova 'Streknja' i 'Bela valija'. Evaluacijom kvalitativnih i senzornih osobina najviše ocene za izgled je imao genotip 'Zvečarka' zbog veoma atraktivnih plodova, ali i najnižu ocenu ukusa. Plodovi jabuka 'Repača' i 'Kožara starinska' su bili najsočniji, ali su bili i najmanje atraktivni za potrošače. Najbolji ukus, praćen dobrom aromom, su imali plodovi genotipova 'Lepocvetka' i 'Valijka'. Na osnovu tradicionalnih saznanja, genotip 'Kolačara' je najbolje poznat lokalnoj zajednici i ima prepoznat potencijal kao jabuka za preradu, dok je potencijal genotipova 'Budimka' i 'Streknja' prepoznat u proizvodnji sokova. Među ispitivanim genotipovima zbog svojih kvalitativnih osobina 'Lepocvetka' je pokazala veliki potencijal za stonu potrošnju, iako nije široko poznata. Najmanje poznat lokalnoj zajednici je genotip 'Repača', ali zbog izuzetnih ocena ukusa, arome i sočnosti može biti zanimljiv za stonu potrošnju. Takođe ovaj genotip ima izuzetno čvrste plodove, što ukazuje na njegov potencijal u održanju kvaliteta tokom skladištenja

Serije poljoprivede u bazi podataka Republičkog zavoda za statistiku Srbije

The objectives of this Paper have been to examine which data on agriculture can be found in the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia Database, and what are the possibilities for the use of the Database in the research and analysis of agriculture. The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia Database physically represents normalized database formed in DBMS SQL Server. The methodological approach to the Paper subject is primarily related to modelling and the way of using Database. The options of accession, filtering and downloading of data from the Database are explained. The technical characteristics of the Database were described, indicators of agriculture listed and the possibilities of using Database were analysed. We examined whether these possibilities could be improved. It was concluded that improvements were possible, first, by enriching Database with data that are now only available in printed publications of the Office, and then, through methodological and technical improvements by redesigning the Database modelled on cloud founded databases. Also, the application of the achievements of the new multidisciplinary scientific field - Visual Analytics would improve visualization, interactive data analysis and data management.Ciljevi ovog rada bili su da se istraži koji se podaci o poljoprivredi mogu pronaći u Bazi podataka Republičkog zavoda za statistiku Srbije i kakve su mogućnosti za primenu Baze podataka u istraživanju i analizi poljoprivrede. Baza podataka Republičkog zavoda za statistiku fizički predstavlja normalizovanu bazu podataka formiranu u DBMS SQL Serveru. Metodološki pristup temi rada odnosi se na modeliranje i način korišćenja Baze podataka. Objašnjene su opcije pristupanju, filtriranju i preuzimanju podataka iz Baze podataka. Opisane su tehničke karakteristike Baze, nabrojani su indikatori poljoprivrede, analizirane su mogućnosti korišćenja Baze podataka. Ispitano je da li ove mogućnosti mogu da se unaprede kroz poboljšanje načina skladištenja i pristupa podacima. Zaključeno je da su poboljšanja moguća, i to obogaćivanjem Baze podataka podacima iz oblasti poljoprivrede koji su za sada raspoloživi samo u štampanim publikacijama Zavoda, a zatim, kroz metodološka i tehnička poboljšanja, redizajniranjem Baze podataka po ugledu na cloud zasnovane baze podataka. Takođe, primena dostignuća novog multidisciplinarnog naučnog polja - Vizuelne analitike poboljšala bi vizuelizaciju, interaktivnu analizu podataka i upravljanje podacima

Spektrofotometrijsko ispitivanje kompleksa između titanil oksalata i 3-hidroksiflavona u vodeno-etanolnoj smeši

It has been established, by the application of suitable spectrophotometric methods and pH-metric measurements, that titanyl oxalate anion and 3-hydroxyflavone (3HF) form a [TiO(C2O4)2(C15H9O3)2]4- complex. The investigation of the composition and the concentration stability constant of the complex were carried out in a 50 % aqueous ethanol solution at room temperature (20 °C), in the pH range from 1.9 to 9.0. The concentration stability constant of the complex, log β2, ranged from 16.65 at pH 5.0 to 13.96 at pH 7.0. The conditions for the spectrophotometric determination of 3HF by means of the complex formation were investigated in the concentration range from 2.5 x 10-5 to 3.0 x 10-4 mol dm-3 3HF.Korišćenjem pogodnih spektrofotometrijskih i pH-metrijskih metoda utvrđeno je da titanil oksalat i 3-hidroksiflavon (3HF) grade [TiO(C2O4)2(C15H9O3)2]4- kompleks. Ispitivanje sastava i određivanje koncentracionih konstanti stabilnosti ovog kompleksa vršeno je u 50 % etanolnom rastvoru, na sobnoj temperaturi (20 °C), u oblasti pH od 1,9 do 9,0. Izračunate vrednosti koncentracione konstante stabilnosti kompleksa, log β2, su u intervalu od 16,65 pri pH 5,0 do 13,96 na pH 7,0. Određeni su i uslovi za spektrofotometrijsko određivanje 3HF korišćenjem nagrađenog kompleksa u koncentracionom intervalu od 2,5 x 10-5 do 3,0 x 10-4 mol dm-3

Spektrofotometrijsko ispitivanje kompleksa titanil oksalat-morin u 50% v/v etanolu

The composition of the titanyl oksalat-morin complex was determined by spectrophotometric method of variations of equimolar solutions and by the mole ratios method. The investigation of the composition and the concentration stability constant of the complex were carried out in a 50% V/V ethanol. It was found that titanyl oxalate ion and morin form 1:2 complex. The concentration stability constant of the complex, logβ2 was calculated for the pH=6,0 (5.83), pH=7,0 (6.40) andpH=8,0 (7.35).Sastav titanil oksalat-morin kompleksa određenje spektrofotometrijskom metodom varijacija ekvimolarnih rastvora i metodom molarnih odnosa. Ispitivanje sastava i određivanje koncentracionih konstanti stabilnosti ovog kompleksa vršeni su u 50% V/V etanolu. Nađeno je da se formira kompleks TiO(C2O4)22-: morin = 1:2. Određene su koncentracione konstante stabilnosti kompleksa: log β2 = 5,83 (pH = 6,0), log β2 =6,40 (pH = 7,0) i log β2 = 7,35 (pH =8,0)

Impregnacija želatin-hitozan filmova etarskim uljem karanfilića pomoću natkritičnog co2 i njihova karakterizacija

Supercritical CO2 impregnation process was used for the first time to fabricate biodegradable gelatin-chitosan (G/Ch) films containing clove oil (CO) for potential use in active food packaging. All the impregnations were carried out at moderately low temperature (40 °C). Aiming to maximize CO loading in the films with acceptable morphological, structural and thermal properties, CO2 pressure, impregnation time and G:Ch mass ratio were varied. Gelatin fraction in the films of 25-50 wt.%, scCO2 pressures of 10-20 MPa and impregnation time of 2-6 h impregnation favoured the CO loading. Processing of the film with equal gelatin to chitosan mass ratio (G/Ch50:50) at 10 MPa for 2 h yielded sufficiently high loading (56 mg CO/gfilm) without an adverse effect on morphological properties. The G/Ch50:50 film was therefore chosen for structural and thermal analyses. ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed successful CO incorporation into the G/Ch50:50 and its interaction with the film. Plasticizing effect of scCO2 and CO on the film was evidenced by DSC. Incorporation of 56 mg CO/gfilm into the G/Ch50:50 didn't affect thermal stability of the film. Beside environmental benefits, supercritical impregnation process enables fast fabrication of G/Ch bio-composite films containing CO, thermally stable to 110 °C, which is suitable for most of food packaging applications. © 2019, CI and CEQ. All rights reserved