Segmental sandwich osteotomy of the posterior mandible in pre-implant surgery : a systematic review

The rehabilitation of the atrophic posterior mandible with dental implants often requires bone augmentation procedures. The aim of the present study is the systematic review of the literature concerning the success rate of Segmental Sandwich Osteotomy (SSO) of the posterior mandible in pre-implant surgery. Systematic review of all clinical cases and clinical studies of SSO of the posterior mandible in pre-implant surgery with a minimum follow-up of 6 months after implant loading was performed, based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search strategy involved searching the electronic databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE LIBRARY, Clinical Trials (www.clinicaltrials.gov) and National Research Register (www.controlled-trials.com), supplemented by a manual search, in August 2015. In every study, the intervention characteristics and the outcome were recorded. Out of the 756 initial results, only 17 articles fulfilled the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. They consisted of 9 retrospective case reports or series and 8 prospective randomized clinical trials. Overall, the studies included 174 patients. In these patients, 214 SSO augmentation procedures were performed in the posterior mandible and 444 implants were placed. The follow-up period after implant loading ranged between 8 months and 5.5 years. The success rate of SSO ranged between 90% and 100%. The implant survival during the follow-up period ranged between 90.9% and 100%. Segmental Sandwich Osteotomy should be considered as a well documented technique for the rehabilitation of the atrophic posterior mandible, with long-term postsurgical follow-up. The success rates are very high, as well as the survival of the dental implants placed in the augmented area

KLJUČNI DOGAĐAJI U POVIJESTI DJEČJE KIRURGIJE ZA VRIJEME BIZANTA

During the Byzantine Times, medicine and surgery developed as Greek physicians continued to practice in Constantinople. Healing methods were common for both adults and children, and pediatrics as a medical specialty did not exist. Already Byzantine hospitals became institutions to dispense medical services, rather than shelters for the homeless, which included doctors and nurses for those who suffered from the disease. A major improvement in the status of hospitals as medical centers took place in this period, and physicians were called archiatroi. Several sources prove that archiatroi were still functioning in the late sixth century and long afterward, but now as xenon doctors. Patients were averse to surgery due to the incidence of complications. The hagiographical literature repeated allusions to doctors. Concerns about children with a surgical disease often led parents to seek miraculous healings achieved by Christian Protectors – Saints. This paper is focused on three eminent Byzantine physicians and surgeons, Oribasius, Aetius of Amida, Paul of Aegina, who dealt with pediatric operations and influenced the European Medicine for centuries to come. We studied historical and theological sources in order to present a comprehensive picture of the curative techniques used for pediatric surgical diseases during the Byzantine Times.U bizantsko doba medicina i kirurgija razvijali su se dok su grčki liječnici nastavili s praksom u Carigradu. Metode liječenja i za odrasle i za djecu se nisu razlikovale, a pedijatrija kao medicinska specijalizacija nije postojala. Bizantske bolnice postale su ustanove, a ne skloništa za beskućnike, u kojima su liječnici i medicinske sestre pružali medicinske usluge za sve oboljele. U ovom se razdoblju dogodilo veliko poboljšanje statusa bolnica kao medicinskih centara, a liječnici su prozvani archiatroi. Nekoliko izvora dokazuje da su archiatroi još uvijek djelovali u kasnom šestom stoljeću i dugo nakon toga, ali sada kao ksenonski liječnici. Pacijenti nisu bili skloni operacijama zbog učestalosti komplikacija. U hagiografskoj literaturi su se učestalo spominjali liječnici. Zabrinutost za djecu s kirurškom bolešću roditelje je često tjerala da traže čudesna ozdravljenja koja su prakticirali kršćanski sveci zaštitnici. Ovaj rad govori o tri ugledna bizantska liječnika i kirurga. Oribazije, Aecije iz Amide i Pavao iz Aegine bavili su se pedijatrijskim operacijama i utjecali na europsku medicinu u idućim stoljećima. Proučavali smo povijesne i teološke izvore kako bismo predstavili sveobuhvatnu sliku kurativnih tehnika koje su korištene za dječje kirurške bolesti u bizantsko doba

Olympic legacy and cultural tourism: Exploring the facets of Athens' Olympic heritage

This study examines the effects of the Olympic Games on Athens’ cultural tourism and the city’s potential to leverage the Olympic legacy in synergy with its rich heritage in order to enhance its tourism product during the post-Games period. In doing so, a qualitative and interpretive approach was employed. This includes a literature review on Athens’ 2004 Olympics to identify the sport facilities and regeneration projects, which constitute the Olympic legacy and heritage. Based on that, an empirical analysis was undertaken, by collecting official documents about the 2004 Olympics, and conducting five semi-structured interviews with tourism/administrative officials. The findings indicate that the Olympiad contributed significantly to Athens’ built and human heritage, revealing the dimensions of new venues/facilities, infrastructure, transportation and aesthetic image of the city, and human capital enhancement. Hence, the Games affected to the multifaceted representation and reconstruction of the city’s identity and cultural heritage. However, the potential afforded from the post-Olympic Athens remains unrealised due to lack of strategic planning/management. The study concludes that there is a need to develop cross-leveraging synergies between the Olympic legacy and cultural tourism for the host city. Finally, a strategic planning framework for leveraging post-Games Olympic tourism is suggested in order to maximise the benefits of Olympic legacy and heritage in a host city’s tourism development

Adrenalectomy for solitary adrenal metastasis from colorectal cancer: A case report

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

Global wealth disparities drive adherence to COVID-safe pathways in head and neck cancer surgery

Peer reviewe

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

Η συμβολή της διοργάνωσης ειδικών γεγονότων στην ανάπτυξη των τουριστικών προορισμών: η περίπτωση των Ολυμπιακών Αγώνων του 2004 και της Ελλάδας

PhD Thesis, relates to the organization of the 2004 Olympics in Athens. It relates also, to the Games’ connection with the afterwards tourist performance of the country. During the conduction of Thesis, the first step was to review the literature. Among other topics, there were examined the essence of tourist destinations and their life cycle, the nature of events, the Olympic Games as an event, the 2004 Olympiad and the profile of Greece as a tourist destination. Athens organised Olympic Games having as one of its purposes to re idealogicalize them, as being an important part of the country’s heritage. The profound improvement of the city’s tourist figures in the years to come, showed that further research should be organised. In this way there were gathered statistical data, in order to impress the post Olympic fluctuation of tourist figures for various parts of the country and for Athens as well. Four areas were selected for the questionnaires’ research in order to have the views of those people who are involved in the tourist industry and of the public bodies as well, as far as the positive impact of 2004 Olympic Games, is concerned. Those areas are Athens, Thessaloniki, Pieria and Arta. Pieria represents tourist developed areas while Arta, the non developed ones. Finally, the conclusions and the proposals which derive stand in various levels. An event (the Games in this case), contribute to the improvement of the hosting place’s tourist figures. The events’ contribution to the improvement of the figures of other destinations of the same country is a lesser one and it largely depends on the parameters which concern the evolution of the destination’s structure and also the evolution of its main catering markets. A framework is being suggested at the same time, for the development of urban tourism using as a tool the multi faceted use of heritage which derived in Athens.Η διδακτορική διατριβή σχετίζεται με τη διοργάνωση των Ολυμπιακών Αγώνων του 2004 στην Αθήνα και το πώς επηρέασε στο επόμενο διάστημα την τουριστική ανάπτυξη της Ελλάδας. Αφού εξετάζονται σε πρώτο επίπεδο σχετικά ζητήματα όπως το τι είναι τουριστική ανάπτυξη, τι είναι οι τουριστικοί προορισμοί, αλλά και ο κύκλος ζωής τους, εξετάζονται στη συνέχεια μια σειρά από θέματα που σχετίζονται με την αστική ανάπτυξη και τους μετασχηματισμούς του αστικού χώρου, τη διοργάνωση γεγονότων, αλλά και τους Ολυμπιακούς Αγώνες κ.ά. Η Αθήνα διοργάνωσε τους Ολυμπιακούς Αγώνες έχοντας ως επικοινωνιακό στόχο την επανα-ιδεολογικοποίησή τους. Η προφανής βελτίωση των τουριστικών μεγεθών στην πόλη τα επόμενα χρόνια πρόσφερε το πεδίο για τη διερεύνηση της δυναμικής που έχει η ποικίλη χρήση ιστορικών δεδομένων στη διοργάνωση ενός γεγονότος για την επιτυχημένη στόχευση δυνητικών τουριστικών αγορών, οι οποίες συνδέονται συναισθηματικά με τις πόλεις και τα συναφή ιστορικά δεδομένα τα οποία πραγματεύεται η διοργάνωση. Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο εξετάστηκε τόσο η διοργάνωση του 2004, αλλά και οργανώθηκαν τα παρακάτω: Α. Συλλογή στατιστικών στοιχείων τόσο για την αποτύπωση της διακύμανσης των τουριστικών μεγεθών σε όλη τη χώρα, αλλά και την αποτύπωση της βελτίωσης των μεγεθών της Αθήνας. Β. Επιλογή τεσσάρων περιοχών για τη διενέργεια έρευνας με ερωτηματολόγια σχετικά με την άποψη των ιδιωτών εργαζομένων στο χώρο του τουρισμού, αλλά και φορέων σχετικά με τους Ολυμπιακούς Αγώνες του 2004. Οι περιοχές αυτές είναι η Αθήνα και η Θεσσαλονίκη, η Πιερία αντιπροσωπεύοντας τις ανεπτυγμένες τουριστικά περιοχές και η Άρτα εκπροσωπώντας τις μη τουριστικά ανεπτυγμένες. Τα συμπεράσματα και οι προτάσεις οι οποίες προκύπτουν είναι σε διάφορα επίπεδα: Το ειδικό γεγονός συμβάλλει σημαντικά στη βελτίωση των μεγεθών του τόπου όπου διοργανώνεται. Η συμβολή του στη βελτίωση των μεγεθών άλλων προορισμών της διοργανώτριας χώρας είναι αυξημένη και εξαρτάται από παραμέτρους που αφορούν στην ίδια την εξέλιξη της διάρθρωσης του προορισμού, αλλά και των αγορών που τον τροφοδοτούν. Για την Άρτα και τη Θεσσαλονίκη προτείνεται ένα πλαίσιο ανάπτυξης του αστικού τουρισμού χρησιμοποιώντας ως εργαλείο την πολύπλευρη αντιμετώπιση της κληρονομιάς, πλαίσιο το οποίο αναδύθηκε επιτυχώς στην Αθήνα