Knowledge gain of the non-vascular surgeons after attending a course on traumatic vascular emergencies

Objective: To measure the effectiveness of the workshop in enhancing the knowledge and skills of the non-vascular surgeons in dealing with traumatic vascular emergencies.Methodology: It was a Quasi-experimental pre-post design study conducted at Section of Vascular Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi (Pakistan) in February 2019. One-day workshop was conducted to enhance the knowledge and operative skills of the non-vascular surgeons in managing traumatic vascular emergencies. A written test and course evaluation survey were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the course in achieving the desired objectives.Results: Total of 21 participants attended the workshop with mean age of 29 ± 6.06 years. Majority of participants 15 (71%) were surgery residents from different subspecialties. Only 3 (14%) had prior exposure in Vascular Surgery. Mean pretest score was 11.9 ± 4.27 (59.52% ± 21.3) which improved to 16.14 ± 3.69 (81.6% ± 16.6). Gain in knowledge was measured using paired t-test and there was 21% of gain in knowledge of the participants compared between the pretest and posttest score. Overall participants found this workshop to be very useful in refining their skills and learning innovative techniques in managing vascular emergencies.Conclusions: Carefully designed workshop improves the knowledge of non-vascular surgeons in dealing with common vascular emergencies

Social Media and Electoral Campaigns: A Study of 2013 General Elections in Punjab

Social Media sites such as Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp, IMO, Twitter and Viber have become famous social interaction forums among all age groups in Pakistan. Social media websites remained the most common platform for the exchange of political ideas and political awareness, consequently influencing political mobilization and bringing change in the political setup of Punjab. This study evaluates the impact of social media on molding the behaviors of voters during the general elections in 2013.The aim was to quantify how social media websites affected political mobilization and altered the Pakistani political setup. The findings are based on a survey conducted amongst the population of Punjab belonging to different age groups, gender, profession, qualification, and localities. Significant correlations were found among different variables i.e. gender, age, profession and locality of the participants. This paper suggests that social media has affected the young population most in Pakistan and helped alter the politicalbehavior of voters

A Study of the Organizational Stress among Public Sector Secondary School Teachers in Punjab

The aim of the study was to find out the factors which create stress among public sector secondary school teachers to determine the stressors being faced by the secondary school teachers. The study was related to the secondary schools of public sector in Punjab. Punjab province is comprised of 9 divisions. Due to limited time and resources, the study was delimited to public sector secondary schools of Lahore division. The study adopted descriptive survey design using a sample of 1000 teachers drawn from 100 secondary schools from public sector in Lahore division. From each school 10 teachers were randomly selected. One rating scale was developed to collect data for the study. The percentage, mean, standard deviation and t-test were applied as descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the collected data. In the light of the results and conclusions of the study, it may be recommended that unwanted sounds and noise may be minimized in the school environment, trainings be imparted to the staff, workload should be equally distributed and necessary facilities should be provided at schools

A Study of the Organizational Stress among Public Sector Secondary School Teachers in Punjab

The aim of the study was to find out the factors which create stress among public sector secondary school teachers to determine the stressors being faced by the secondary school teachers. The study was related to the secondary schools of public sector in Punjab. Punjab province is comprised of 9 divisions. Due to limited time and resources, the study was delimited to public sector secondary schools of Lahore division. The study adopted descriptive survey design using a sample of 1000 teachers drawn from 100 secondary schools from public sector in Lahore division. From each school 10 teachers were randomly selected. One rating scale was developed to collect data for the study. The percentage, mean, standard deviation and t-test were applied as descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the collected data. In the light of the results and conclusions of the study, it may be recommended that unwanted sounds and noise may be minimized in the school environment, trainings be imparted to the staff, workload should be equally distributed and necessary facilities should be provided at schools

Dependence of Editorial Independence, Influence of Economic Factors on News Channels in Pakistan

Private news channel in Pakistan get sponsorships and commercials from state as well as from private companies to run their businesses. Selling ads may lead to sell content shaped in favor of the sponsor. This study has analyzed the influence of commercialization on editorial autonomy of broadcast journalists of Pakistan. A survey of senior journalists from top ten news channels was conducted to asnalyse perception of the professionals about the influence of commercialization on the content of news and current affairs. It is found that economic pressures restrain newsroom staff to make editorial decisions independently.                                                                                                                                                        &nbsp

Tingkat Parasitasi Parasitoid Telur Pbpk pada Pertanaman Padi dengan Beberapa Ketinggian Tempat Berbeda

Rice is the staple food of Indonesia\u27s population. Various problems occur in an effort to increase production and productivity. One problem is the attack of yellow rice stem borer (PBPK) which may result in yield losses up to 90%. Utilization of parasitoid is an alternative to suppress the attack of Yellow Rice Stem Borer. The study was conducted in Tabanan, covering three locations with the altitudes of 50, 300, and 550 meters above sea leve, and at the Plant Pests and Diseases laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Udayana. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of parasitization of the best Yellow Rice Stem Borer as a natural control agent at different altitudes. The method used was survey by taking a sample group of Yellow Rice Stem Borer eggs with a purposive random sampling in the area of 2.5 hectares (one block in each location was an area of 0.5 hectares) at each location. Observations on parasitoid found in Yellow Rice Stem Borer eggs were done on parasitoid species diversity, equality, abundance, parasitation level, sex ratio, and the pattern of parasitoid invasion. The results showed three species of parasitoid eggs PBPK as biological control agents. Parasitation level of T. rowani and T. japonicum was the highest at the altitude of 50 meters above sea level, while T. schoenobii at the altitude of 300 and 500 meters above sea level

Problems of Employed Women at Faisalabad–Pakistan

ABSTRACT Sex status is one of the basic causes of such differences in roles to be performed by males and females separately. Pakistani society is also following this universal pattern of differentiated sex-roles and status. The underlying concept of this is the superiority of men as compared to women. This study focused on problems faced by employed women within the current socio-economic conditions in the urban area of Faisalabad District. The selected sample of employed women consists on 70 doctors, 50 bankers and 30 teachers. For the present study a well-designed interviewing schedule was developed after consideration of the basic variables included the research. The collected data was analyzed and the result regarding their income, problems (family, official), satisfaction were tabulated and interpreted on the basis of facts and figures. It is suggested that media can play a vital role to resolve the problems of employed women

Comparison Of Prophylactic Injection Of Corticosteroid With Placebo, In Management Of Wrist Pain On Ulnar Aspect In Patients Of Fractures Of Distal Radius

INTRODUCTION: Distal radius fractures are one of the commonest fractures experienced by the Orthopaedic surgeons. Pain on the ulnar aspect of the wrist is the most usual complication of such fractures.  Corticosteroid injection is a simple and effective method for elevating pain of such nature.  OBJECTIVE: To compare the mean pain score with prophylactic corticosteroid injection versus placebo in management of wrist pain on ulnar aspect in patients presenting with fracture of distal radius. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Setting: Orthopedic Surgery Department, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi Duration: Six months (March 5, 2018 to Sept 5, 2018) Data Collection Procedure: 80 patients were included by using non-probability consecutive sampling after fulfilling the selection criteria. Demographic profile (patient name, age, gender, anatomical side and contact details) was obtained. Patients were splitted in two random groups by simple lottery method. Patients of group A were given one shot of 80mg corticosteroid in the area of ulnar styloid process near TFCC and group B patients were given a shot of distilled water (2 cc). Both group of patients were followed in OPD for 3 months in their postoperative visits. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score was recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age of the patients was 41.05 ± 11.05 years and age range of 40 years. The mean age in the corticosteroid and placebo groups was 39.68±10.67 years and 42.42 ± 11.39 years respectively. There were 42 (52.50%) male and 38 (47.50%) female patients with a higher male ratio i.e., 1.10:1. In corticosteroid and placebo groups there were 21 (52.50%) male and 19 (47.50%) female cases. The mean pain at baseline was 7.72 ± 1.66 while in the corticosteroid and placebo group, the mean pain was 7.60 ± 1.67 and 7.85 ± 1.65 respectively with statistically equal mean pain p-value = 0.504. After 3 months of treatment, mean pain in the corticosteroid group was 1.30 ± 0.66 and was 2.60 ± 1.58 in the placebo group, p-value < 0.001. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that prophylactic corticosteroid injection is more effective in reducing pain in patients with distal radial fracture than placebo. By using prophylactic corticosteroid injections in the future, we can reduce pain to achieve more satisfaction of patients.

Cytotoxic and antiviral potentials of Euphorbia milii var. splendens leaf against Peste des petits ruminant virus

Purpose: To determine the cytotoxic and antiviral potentials of Euphorbia milii var. splendens leaf against Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). Methods: The methanol extract, as well as n- hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n- butanol fractions of E. milii leaves were screened for cytotoxic and antiviral activities against PPRV using Vero cell line and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: Non-cytotoxic concentrations with cell survival rate (CSP) greater than 50 % were considered virucidal. Methanol extract and fractions produced significant (p < 0.05) effects at all test concentrations against PPRV. The 50 % cytotoxic concentration (CC50) calculated was ≤ 25 µg/mL for extract and fractions. In antiviral assay, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and n-butanol fractions at all test concentrations ranging from 1.56 - 800 µg/mL were non-virucidal; even at their non-cytotoxic concentrations these fractions did not show antiviral activities. However, the methanol extract and its chloroform fractions showed significant (p < 0.05) virucidal potential. Conclusion: The results suggest that further isolation of antiviral constituents from the fractions may open new horizons for the development of new antiviral agents