Dividend Payout Policy in Respect of company Performance: An Overview of Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan

Purpose: The suggestion between dividend distribution policies and the commercial success of Pakistani cement business is explained by the current study. Design/Methodology/Approach: Four factors were used to control the relationship between the dividend distribution strategy and business success, taking into account pertinent theories. These factors include the firm's Extent and growth, its debt to equity ratio and its municipal supremacy index. Over the course of six years from 2012 to 2017 panel data was used. Findings: The study lays out a route that may direct further investigation into more definitive and useful discoveries. Future research may be examined the potential upshots of tax laws, regulations, occasions, and bonus payout patterns on upshotiveness and payout strategy would likely be of interest to academics and other stakeholder. Future research should take into account additional controlling analysts and industry performs, to see if they can be significant in creating a bonus strategy. Implications/Originality/Value: Present-day investigation's discoveries has a number of ramifications and help to simplify the bonus payout strategy's business performs in non-fiscal firms in Pakistan's top manufacturing sectors. Given that pay out-based bonus payout rules increase a firm's upshotiveness, fiscal executives are advised to develop a commitment to these rules and take steps to stabilize their bonus payment rules

Moderating Role of Funding on the Management Control System and Performance of Public Universities

Purpose: The study examines the moderating effect of funding on the management control system and performance of south-western public universities in Nigeria. Design/Methodology/Approach: Research design for the study is cross- survey; this is the most appropriate research design, being a study on perception objectives in nature. The study was carried out in fourteen (14) public universities in the Southwestern region of Nigeria. Findings: funding activities does not significantly moderate the relationship between result control and performance of public universities (β = -0.042; t = 0.648; p > 0.259). However, a negative beta of 4.2% indicates every one increment in the present order of finance will lead to a reduction of 4% from the relationship between result control and performance of public universities in south west Nigeria. Implications/Originality/Value: The study discovered that present funding scheme moderates the relationship between action and cultural control and does not moderate the relationship between personnel and result control. The study therefore recommends that the government should ensure disbursement of sufficient funds to the university to attain the much need performance

Why do Anti-corruption Agencies Fail in Pakistan? A Phenomenological Study

Purpose: Pakistan's consistently poor ranking on the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) highlights the urgent need to address the pervasive corruption problem in the country. This study aims to explore the reason behind the failure of anti-corruption agencies in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach: This study has adopted a phenomenological research design. Six in-depth interviews were conducted with government officials working in anti-corruption agencies. NVivo 20 software was used to analyze the data. Findings: The study identified three main themes; Political influence, legislation, and lack of capacity building. The finding indicates victimization, job insecurity, weak prosecution, self-beneficiary reforms by lawmakers, and lack of resources are the major reasons behind the failure of anti-corruption agencies in Pakistan. Practical implications: The study provides implications for policymakers, regulators, and anti-corruption agencies to formulate effective policies and regulations to combat corruption. Originality/value: To the best of the author's knowledge, this study is the first that explores the reasons behind the failure of anti-corruption agencies from the perspective of anti-corruption agencies

Supplier Relationship Management Practices Procurement Ethics and Supply Chain Performance in County Governments

Purpose:The broad objective was to establish the moderating effect of procurement ethics on the relation between supplier relationship management practices and supply chain performance of Kenyan selected county governments. Design/Methodology/Approach:The study employed descriptive survey research design and targeted 112  procurement staff.Stratified and simple random techniques were used. Structured questionnaires were used for data collection. For data analysis descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized. Findings:The study found that procurement ethics had a positive and significant moderating effect on the relation between supplier relationship management practices and supply chain performance of Kenyan selected county governments. Implications/Originality/Value:The study makes a contribution on the critical role procurement ethics plays in the relationship between supplier relationship management practices and performance of supply chain. County governments should ensure procurement ethics such as integrity, accountability and transparency are adhered to. The findings may guide in the development and implementation of  procurement ethics policies

Analysis of Domestic Violence against Women in Pakistan: Attitudinal Acceptance of Violence and its Associated Risk Factors

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of attitudinal acceptance of violence (AAV) over observed violence (OV), including the impact of five factors on OV. The study aims to identify the impact of acceptance of violence and explore its consequences, if any. The independent variables (IV) in the study are self-esteem (SE), women empowerment (WE), locus of control (LoC), financial income (FI), number of people in the family (FS), and financial stress (FinST). The dependent variable (DV) is observed violence (OV). We are seeing the moderating effect of AAV over OV as well as the impact of IVs over the moderator AAV. Research design: The participants of the study are married women in the age bracket of 18–60 years. The sample size of the study is 205. The data was obtained primarily through an adopted, pre-tested, structured questionnaire.  Data were analyzed using descriptive, correlation, and multiple regression. FinST and SE resulted in statistically significant impacts on OV, whereas there was no moderating impact of AAV among all the factors. Findings: The acceptance of violence by an individual woman differs vastly depending on personal perception, childhood experiences, education level, occupational type, the status of a dependency, and level of self-esteem. Women with high self-esteem are less likely to face violence; similarly, higher financial stress in the family increases the chances of observing violence. Practical Implications: The significance of this study is highlighted by the realization of the need for modification in the attitudinal acceptance of violence through changing Pakistan's educational policy. This study will help raise the bar for women and create awareness that violence should not be accepted

Oliver’s Four Stage Loyalty Model to Access the Impact of Umrah Services: Evidence from Umrah Travelling Agencies Operating in Pakistan

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze service quality relationship with perceived price fairness, word of mouth, and customer loyalty, with the moderating role of religiosity towards Umrah travel agent services in southern Punjab, Pakistan. Methodology: Data was collected from Umrah pilgrims through a self-administered questionnaire using convenience sampling method. SPSS and Smart (PLS) v3.0. have been used for analysis. Findings: The results show that service quality, price fairness, and word of mouth are the most significant factors in customer loyalty. However, religiosity did not moderate between these variables and customer loyalty. Implications: The study suggests that Umrah travel agencies should focus on service quality and price fairness to build customer loyalty. The study also provides several theoretical and practical recommendations for future researchers

Forecasting the South African Real Spot-rate Curve During Covid-19 Stress

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of forecasting the South African real spot rate curve using different mathematical term-structure models during the Covid-19 period. This study follows previous studies by Reid (2009) and Mashoene et al., 2021) where dynamic term-structure models performed well compared to static term-structure models over normal market conditions. For high volatility, normality often breaks, which might result in a need for recalibration in the currently used methodology or a total change in the methodology. Methodology: This study explores the dynamism of both dynamic term-structure models, which follow the Nelson-Siegel framework, and static term-structure models with the option of recalibration of model parameters to account for a change in macro-economic dynamics brought by the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic. The forecasting exercise was applied to term-structure models following the Nelson-Siegel framework using AR(1) process. Findings: The incorporation of macroeconomic factors performed poorly in estimating future model parameters. This could be attributable to the effect of global stress, which resulted in poor linear relationships between macroeconomic and financial factors. Recalibration process on static Nelson-Siegel term-structure models improved the models' performance, especially during the high volatility/period of total economic shutdown due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Implications: The application of static Nelson-Siegel term-structure models with recalibrated parameters might improve bond pricing processes and risk management strategies in emerging markets, especially during market stress

Credit Risk, Liquidity Risk, and Bank Profitability: A Comparative Study of Twin Crises in Pakistan

Purpose: Financial crisis 2007-08 and Covid-19 badly hit the financial stability across the world. How credit risk and liquidity risks reacts during these crisis is a catchy question for researchers and specifically it is important to explore in banking sector. So the study mainly focuses the interactional relationship between credit risk, liquidity risk and profitability, whereas interactional risk is considered as endogenous variable. Methodology: To explore the relationship, banking sector of Pakistan is taken as sample of the study and data set is taken from 2006 to 2021. SUR model is used to analyse the proposed relationship. Findings: In integrated time period a negative Influence of interactional risk is observed with profitability, which depicts as much as high reciprocal risk of credit risk and liquidity risk there will be decrease in the profitability. Reciprocal risk of non-performing loans and advance to deposit ratio influences the profitability negatively. Reciprocal risk influences the profitability positively during financial crisis. After financial crisis interactional risk influences the profitability negatively. During Covid-19 interactional risk is negatively associated with profitability and before Covid-19 interactional risk was found as unrelated. Implications/Originality/Value: It’s important to manage the interactional risk to avoid risk and to get maximum profitability

Exploring the Impact of Digital Leadership on Sustainable Performance with Mediating Role of Artificial Intelligence

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of digital leadership on sustainable performance, specifically focusing on the mediating role of artificial intelligence within the business environment. Design/Methodology/Approach:  This study surveyed 230 employees from several industrial estate businesses using a case study technique. Questionnaires were used to collect the data, which was subsequently analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings indicated that there is an indirect effect on long-term performance due to the multidirectional links between mediators and digital leadership. This study found, specifically, that AI and digital leadership greatly enhance inventive talents, which in turn enhances sustainable performance. Findings:  This study's findings highlight the critical role that digital leadership plays in fusing sustainability and artificial intelligence, two concepts that when coupled have the potential to improve an organization's performance and productivity. Implications/Originality/Value: This study presents new insights into the role that technology skills and innovative digital behaviors play in achieving long-term performance

Does Ethical Leadership Contribute towards Organizational Commitment? A Mediational Study of Employees in Hotel Industry

Purpose: This study assesses how perceived corporate social responsibility by employees’ functions as a mediator between organizational commitment and moral leadership. Design/Methodology/Approach: According to the social exchange theory, there is reciprocation between an employee and their employer, and how an employer conducts business shapes the perspective of its employees. Employees follow the same activities and behaviors that the corporation does. 348 front-line hotel employees in Pakistan provided the information. To test the data, structural equation modeling was used. Findings: The findings show that a leader's moral and ethical behavior influences how employees view a firm's CSR and how committed they are to the organization. Results exhibit that when workers witness their supervisors performing ethically, it affects their attitudes and makes them more dedicated to their businesses. Implications/Originality/Value: The study is distinctive in that by utilizing employee views of CSR as a mediator, the relationship between leadership and commitment was explored. The study has essential management and organizational ramifications, particularly for increasing employee engagement