Prevalence of Common and Severe Mental Health Disorders in rural Mexico and Preliminary Results of a Mental Health Program Evaluation - Chiapas, Mexico, 2017-2018

Purpose: An estimated 75-85% of people with common and severe mental health disorders living in low- and middle-income countries do not have access to the treatment they need, despite the fact that effective treatments exist and can be successfully delivered in primary care settings. In the rural Sierra Madre Mountain region of Chiapas, Mexico, the rate of depression is almost twice the rate of the national average for Mexico. Rates of other mental health disorders in this region are not reported, but are likely high. Methods: This study aims to report the prevalence of common and severe mental health disorders in the Sierra Madre Mountain region of Chiapas, Mexico, as well as the demographics and clinical characteristics of mental health patients. This is done by examining the medical records of mental health patients who visited a primary care clinic operated by Compañeros En Salud (CES) between 2017 and 2018. This study also provides preliminary results of health improvement for patients being treated through CES’s mental health program, measured by change in score on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results: Of the 12,718 unique patients who attended CES-operated clinics during the two-year study period, 856 (6.7%) had a mental health disorder. The majority had depression (54%), followed by anxiety (32%), psychosis (6% for schizophrenia, 2% for other types of psychosis), substance use disorder (2%) and bipolar disorder (1%). The ratio of men to women was one to four, and three-fourths of patients were between the ages of 19-49. Regarding patient health improvement, the average fall in PHQ-9 scores for all patients was 2.86 (CI: 1.75, 3.96) (p\u3c0.0001). Thirty-five percent of patients fell into full remission and an additional 22% fell into partial remission. The only significant indicator of fall in PHQ-9 score was number of clinic visits (p=0.0005). Conclusion: Compared to global and Mexico-specific rates of mental health, patients with mental health disorders in the rural Sierra are more frequently women and in their early to middle-ages. Patient health outcomes provides encouraging evidence of the positive effect of the mental health program, though there is a need to standardize follow-up with patients and data collection methods

Yakima/Klickitat Fisheries Project - Klickitat Monitoring and Evaluation, 2007 Annual Report.

This report describes the results of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) activities for salmonid fish populations and habitat in the Klickitat River subbasin in south-central Washington. The M&E activities described here were conducted as a part of the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA)-funded Yakima/Klickitat Fisheries Project (YKFP) and were designed by consensus of the scientists with the Yakama Nation (YN) Fisheries Program. YKFP is a joint project between YN and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). Overall YKFP goals are to increase natural production of and opportunity to harvest salmon and steelhead in the Yakima and Klickitat subbasins using hatchery supplementation, harvest augmentation and habitat improvements. Klickitat subbasin M&E activities have been subjected to scientific and technical review by members of the YKFP Science/Technical Advisory Committee (STAC) as part of the YKFP's overall M&E proposal. Yakama Nation YKFP biologists have transformed the conceptual design into the tasks described. YKFP biologists have also been involved with the Collaborative Systemwide Monitoring and Evaluation Project (CSMEP - a project aimed at improving the quality, consistency, and focus of fish population and habitat data to answer key M&E questions relevant to major decisions in the Columbia Basin) and are working towards keeping Klickitat M&E activities consistent with CSMEP recommendations. This report summarizes progress and results for the following major categories of YN-managed tasks under this contract: (1) Monitoring and Evaluation - to gather baseline information in order to characterize habitat and salmonid populations pre- and post-habitat restoration and pre-supplementation. (2) Ecological Interactions - to determine presence of pathogens in wild and naturally produced salmonids in the Klickitat Basin and develop supplementation strategies using this information. (3) Genetics - to develop YKFP supplementation broodstock collection protocols for the preservation of genetic variability, by refining methods of detecting within-stock genetic variability and between-stock genetic variability

Data from: Genetic basis of adult migration timing in anadromous steelhead discovered through multivariate association testing

Migration traits are presumed to be complex and to involve interaction among multiple genes, thus we employed both univariate analyses and multivariate Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithm to conduct association mapping of 15,239 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for adult migration-timing phenotype in steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Our study focused on a model natural population of steelhead that exhibits two distinct migration-timing life histories with high levels of admixture in nature. Neutral divergence was limited between fish exhibiting summer- and winter-run migration owing to high levels of interbreeding, but a univariate mixed linear model found three SNPs from a major effect gene to be significantly associated with migration-timing (p < 0.000005) that explained 46% of trait variation. Alignment to the annotated S. salar genome provided evidence that all three SNPs localize within a 46 kb region overlapping GREB1-like (an estrogen target gene) on chromosome Ssa03. Additionally, multivariate analyses with RF identified that these 3 SNPs plus 15 additional SNPs explained up to 60% of trait variation. These candidate SNPs may provide the ability to predict adult migration-timing of steelhead to facilitate conservation management of this species and this study demonstrates the benefit of multivariate analyses for association studies

“We Are Not Different than Others”: A Qualitative Study of the Lived Experience of Hispanic Adolescents and Young Adults Living with Perinatally Acquired HIV

Though Hispanic youth with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) comprise 14% of those living with PHIV, little research has documented their lived experiences. Eighteen Hispanic adolescents and young adults (AYA) with PHIV were recruited from two pediatric infectious disease clinics in California (mean age = 20.8 years, 12 females and 6 males). Interview transcripts were analyzed for emergent themes regarding relationships, childbearing intentions, and future career aspirations. Participants acknowledged HIV as cause for rejection and fear of transmission from partners. Most desired children in the future. Those with children (n = 7) expressed a strong desire to continue their education for the benefit of their children. Many did not view HIV as a barrier to their career aspirations. HIV influenced their daily lives. However, the challenges of poverty, loss, and trauma also significantly shaped their well-being. Health care providers offered emotional and instrumental support which helped AYA make progress towards their goals

TASSLEgeno15239Ind237vfinal_genotype.hmp

The input file of genotypes for the program TASSLE which was used to perform the univariate GWAS for this study

&ldquo;We Are Not Different than Others&rdquo;: A Qualitative Study of the Lived Experience of Hispanic Adolescents and Young Adults Living with Perinatally Acquired HIV

Though Hispanic youth with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) comprise 14% of those living with PHIV, little research has documented their lived experiences. Eighteen Hispanic adolescents and young adults (AYA) with PHIV were recruited from two pediatric infectious disease clinics in California (mean age = 20.8 years, 12 females and 6 males). Interview transcripts were analyzed for emergent themes regarding relationships, childbearing intentions, and future career aspirations. Participants acknowledged HIV as cause for rejection and fear of transmission from partners. Most desired children in the future. Those with children (n = 7) expressed a strong desire to continue their education for the benefit of their children. Many did not view HIV as a barrier to their career aspirations. HIV influenced their daily lives. However, the challenges of poverty, loss, and trauma also significantly shaped their well-being. Health care providers offered emotional and instrumental support which helped AYA make progress towards their goals

TASSLE_input15239Ind237vfinal_traits

This file contains additional traits and covariates that were used to perform a univariate GWAS in TASSLE. Covariates include collection "year", and gender (1=male, 2=female). The trait phenotype is listed as "Dayreorder" which represents migration-timing in units of ordinal day as the phenotype. We "re-ordered" these days to reflect the biological sequence of annual steelhead migrations. Refer to the methods in the study for more detail

TASSLE_input15239Ind237vfinal_covtraits

This file contains the population structure individual Q values that were used as trait covariates in the program TASSLE to perform a univariate GWAS. Included are the individual proportions of ancestry using a K=6 and a K=10. For the analyses reported in the study, we used K=10, but we mentioned examining results with K=6 in the supplemental methods