İzmir ilindeki süt sığırı işletmelerinin buzağı refahı bakımından Avrupa Birliği ve ulusal minimum gerekliliklere uyumunun değerlendirilmesi

The aim of this study was to assess the compliance of dairy cattle farms in Izmir with the minimum requirements for calf welfare. The research was carried out in 30 dairy cattle farms in Bayındır district of İzmir province. A measurement, observation and evaluation form was used that developed based on the minimum calf welfare requirements defined in the European Union (2008/119/EC) and national animal welfare legislation. Observations, determinations and measurements were made in the dairy cattle farms that accepted to participate in this research, and resource and management based welfare assessments were performed in calf barns. According to the findings, the physical conditions for feeding and housing of calves were favourable; however, cleanliness of barns and equipments and use of bedding were poor. As a result, it was determined that minimum requirements for calf welfare in dairy cattle farms in Bayındır district in İzmir province were met in terms of feeding, health care and daily inspection, but there were significant shortcomings related to good housing. To raise awareness of animal welfare and increasing the level of education of farmers on the concept and legislation of animal welfare has been proposed in order to increase dairy farms' compliance with calf welfare requirements.Bu araştırmanın amacı, İzmir ilinde bulunan süt sığırı işletmelerinin minimum buzağı refahı gerekliliklerine uyumunun değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırma, İzmir iline bağlı Bayındır ilçesinde toplam 30 süt sığırı işletmesinde yürütülmüştür. Avrupa Birliği (2008/119/EC) ve ulusal mevzuatta tanımlanan asgari buzağı refahı gerekliliklerine dayanılarak geliştirilen bir ölçme, gözlem ve değerlendirme formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden çiftliklerde gözlem, tespit ve ölçümler yapılarak buzağı barınaklarında kaynak ve idare ile ilgili refah değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, buzağıların beslenme ve barınmasına ilişkin fiziki koşulların uygun olduğu ancak barınak ve ekipman temizliği ile altlık kullanımının yetersiz olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, İzmir'in Bayındır ilçesinde süt sığırı işletmelerinde buzağı refahı yönünden minimum gerekliliklerin besleme, sağlık idaresi ve günlük kontroller açısından karşılandığı, ancak barındırma ile ilgili önemli eksikliklerin bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Süt sığırı işletmelerinin buzağı refahı minimum gerekliliklerine uyumunun arttırılması için çiftçilerin hayvan refahı kavramı ve mevzuatı konusunda farkındalığının ve eğitim düzeyinin arttırılması önerilmiştir

Biodegradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) with Bacteria Isolated from TNT-polluted Waste Pink Water

In this study, bacterial strains that can use TNT as a nitrogen source isolated from TNT contaminated pink water. We isolated 5 bacterial strains and the isolated bacteria were cultured in medium containing TNT and TNT degradation capacities of isolates were determined by spectrophotometric analysis. According to the results of the analysis that have done, 3 bacterial isolates that have high TNT degradation capacity were selected and the isolates were identified with firstly Gram-staining then with 16S rRNA sequence analysis method. According to the sequence of 16S rRNA, water isolates were identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SU K2), Klebsiella pneumoniae (SU K3), Raoultella planticola (SU K4). During the TNT degradation studies, at the end of 24 h incubation time, in the medium containing 100 mg/L TNT, TNT degradation rate for SU K2, SU K3 and SU K4 were determined 70 %, 96 % and 93 % respectively. 4-aminodinitrotoluene and 2-aminodinitrotoluene accumulations were detected in the culture medium of all isolates as intermediate products formed during the degradation of TNT by HPLC analysis. Additionally, nitrite accumulation was detected in the culture medium of all isolates and the influence of temperature and pH on the degradation of TNT was also investigated. It was determined that SU K2 isolates have the highest TNT degradation capacity at 35 °C, the others have at 30 °C and all isolates degraded TNT fastest at pH 7. The results of the study show that the new isolates can be useful for the removal of TNT in a wastewater treatment system

On the arcsecant hyperbolic normal distribution. Properties, quantile regression modeling and applications

This work proposes a new distribution defined on the unit interval. It is obtained by a novel transformation of a normal random variable involving the hyperbolic secant function and its inverse. The use of such a function in distribution theory has not received much attention in the literature, and may be of interest for theoretical and practical purposes. Basic statistical properties of the newly defined distribution are derived, including moments, skewness, kurtosis and order statistics. For the related model, the parametric estimation is examined through different methods. We assess the performance of the obtained estimates by two complementary simulation studies. Also, the quantile regression model based on the proposed distribution is introduced. Applications to three real datasets show that the proposed models are quite competitive in comparison to well-established models

Changing perception of death in modernity and postmodernity

Bu çalışmada, değişen dünyadaki ölüm algısı irdelenerek ölümden kaçınma, ölümü yok sayma gibi yaklaşımların modern ve postmodern dönem insanı üzerindeki etkileri karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu bağlamda modern ve postmodern dönemin yitiği olan huzur ve mutluluğun, değişen ölüm algısıyla ilişkili olup olmadığı incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Moderniteyi takip eden postmodernitede modernitenin yıkıma uğratmaya çalıştığı birçok şeye karşı ilgi ve yönelimin artmasıyla ölüme bakışta ve ölümle ilgili tutumlarda da birtakım değişiklikler olmuştur. Postmodernitenin etkisiyle ölüm hakikatinin yerini, gerçeklikten uzaklaşmaya imkân sağlayan gelişmiş tıp ve teknoloji sayesinde, uzun ve sorunsuz yaşama arzusu almıştır. Sonsuzluk hayali ile umutsuzluğa sürüklenerek dengesi bozulan, depresyona giren ve psikiyatristlerin kapısını aşındıran çağın insanına psikiyatrinin öğretmesi gereken şey de kaçınılmaz bir gerçek olan ölümü düşünmesi ve fanilikle yüzleşmesidir.In this study, the perception of death in the changing world was examined and the effects of approaches such as death avoidance and ignoring death on modern and postmodern people were compared. In this context, it has been tried to examine whether peace and happiness, which are lost in the modern and postmodern era, are related to the changing perception of death. With the modernity, man has made it an obligation to avoid death which is an inevitable fact of life and spoils the enjoyment of life. In the postmodernity following the modernity, there have been some changes in the attitude towards death with the increase of interest and orientation towards many things that modernity tries to destroy. With the effect of postmodernity, the reality of death has been replaced by the desire to live long with no problem due to advanced medicine and technology that allows to move away from reality. The thing that psychiatry tries to teach to the people of the era who are driven to despair by the dream of eternity, become mentally unstable and depressed, and constantly seeking help from psychiatrists, is to think about the death which is an inevitable reality and is to face mortality

Birkhoff Normal Forms, KAM Theory and Symmetries for Certain Second Order Rational Difference Equation with Quadratic Term

By using the KAM theory, we investigate the stability of the equilibrium solution of a certain difference equation. We also use the symmetries to find effectively the periodic solutions with feasible periods. The specific feature of this difference equation is the fact that we were not able to use the invariant to prove stability or to find feasible periods of the solutions

A surveillance of nosocomial candida infections: epidemiology and influences on mortalty in intensive care units

Introduction: it was aimed to investigate the frequency of Candida infections (CI) in the intensive care units (ICU), to determine typing of candida to evaluate risk factors associated with CI and mortality, and to evaluate influence of CI on mortality. Methods: the prospective cohort study was carried out between Jan 1, 2009 and Dec 31, 2010 in ICUs, and the patients were observed with active surveillance. VITEK 2 Compact System (BioMerieux, France) kits were used for the identification of isolates from various clinical samples. Results: a total of 2362 patients had enrolled for 16135 patients-days into the study. During the study, 63 (27,5%) of patients developed 77 episodes of CI were observed. Of the patients; 54% were male, 46% were female. Duration of hospitalization (OR=1,03, p=0,007), hyperglycemia (OR=17,93, p=0,009), and co- infections (OR=3,98, p=0,001) were identified as independent risk factors for CI. The most common infections were bloodstream (53%). 77 of 135 candida strains was isolated as causative pathogens. C. albicans (63,6%) was the most frequent species. Overall mortality rate was 78%. The rates of mortality attiributable to CI and candidemia were 27%, and 18,3% respectively. Species- specific mortality rates of C.albicans and C.tropicalis were determined as 12%. High APACHE II scores (OR=1,37; p=0,002), and the use of central venous catheter (OR=9,01; p=0,049) were assigned as independent risk factors for mortality. Conclusion: CI is an important problem in our hospital. CI and associated mortalty can be prevented by controlling of risk factors. Updating of epidemiological data is required for successful antifungal treatment

İzmi̇r Kalkınma Ajansı tarafından desteklenen projeleri̇n uygulama sonrası değerlendi̇rme çalışması

Araştırma, İzmir Kalkınma Ajansı (İZKA) tarafından 2009 yılında desteklenen projelerin uygulama sonrası değerlendirme çalışmasını ele almaktadır. Bu kapsamda, İZKA’dan destek alan projelerin planlama, yazım, uygulama ve uygulama sonrası aşamaları değerlendirilmiştir. Bu tebliğde, projeye konu olan boyutlardan yalnızca proje öncesi aşaması olan planlama, yazım ve değerlendirme deneyimleri ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi, Turizm ve Çevre Mali Destek Programı kapsamında destek almaya hak kazanan 33 projedir. Proje alan tüm kurumlarla görüşmeler gerçekleştirilerek veriler toplanmıştır. Araştırma ekibi tarafından gerçekleştirilen saha çalışmaları sonucunda, kurumların projelerle ilgili çağrıları İZKA’nın iletişim ve tanıtım çalışmaları ve kurum içi gerçekleştirilen tanıtım faaliyetleri aracılığıyla takip ettikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Proje planlama aşamasında, kurum içi teşvik ve yönlendirme, proje fikri geliştirme, paydaşlarla işbirliği yapma, proje ekibi ve deneyimi konularının önem taşıdığı görülmektedir. Proje yazım aşamasında ise proje yazımı eğitimlerinin, İZKA desteğinin, danışman firmaların, uzman desteğinin, proje süresinin, başvuru rehberinin, İZKA bilgilendirme toplantılarının ve proje ekiplerinin önemine vurgu yapmaktadır

On an elliptic system of p(x)-Kirchhoff-type under neumann boundary condition

In the present paper, by using the direct variational method and the Ekeland variational principle, we study the existence of solutions for an elliptic system of p(x)-Kirchhoff-type under Neumann boundary condition and show the existence of a weak solution