171 research outputs found
Hyperglycemia alters enzyme activity and cell number in spinal sensory ganglia
Peripheral sensory diabetic neuropathy is characterized by morphological, electrophysiological and neurochemical changes to a subpopulation of primary afferent neurons. Here, we utilized a transgenic mouse model of diabetes (OVE26) and age-matched controls to histologically examine the effect of chronic hyperglycemia on the activity or abundance of the enzymes acid phosphatase, cytochrome oxidase and NADPH-diaphorase in primary sensory neuron perikarya and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Quantitative densitometric characterization of enzyme reaction product revealed significant differences between diabetic, compared to control, animals for all three enzymes. Levels of acid phosphatase reaction product were found to be significantly reduced in both small diameter primary sensory somata and the dorsal horn. Cytochrome oxidase activity was found to be significantly lower in small primary sensory somata while NADPH-diaphorase labeling was found to be significantly higher in small primary sensory somata and significantly lower in the dorsal horn. In addition to these observed biochemical changes, ratiometric analysis of the number of small versus large diameter primary sensory perikarya in diabetic and control animals demonstrated a quantifiable decrease in the number of small diameter cells in the spinal ganglia of diabetic mice. These results suggest that the OVE26 model of diabetes mellitus produces an identifiable disturbance in specific metabolic pathways of select cells in the sensory nervous system and that this dysfunction may reflect the progression of a demonstrated cell loss
Marginal adaptation of ceramic and composite inlays in minimally invasive mod cavities
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effect of a minimally invasive mesial-occlusal-distal (mod) preparation on the marginal adaptation of ceramic and composite inlays with the aim of saving sound dental substance. Materials and methods: Class II mod cavities were prepared in 50 extracted human molars and randomly allocated to five groups (nβ=β10). In all groups, the mesial-proximal box margins were located in the dentin, 1mm below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), while the distal box margins were 1mm above the CEJ. In groups A and B, conventional standard preparations with a divergent angle of Ξ±β=β6Β° were prepared. In groups C, D, and E, minimally invasive standard preparations with a convergent angle of Ξ±β=β10Β° were prepared. In groups A and D, composite inlays and, in groups B and C, ceramic inlays were fabricated (chairside economical restoration of esthetic ceramics (CEREC)) and adhesively inserted. In group E, a direct composite filling using the incremental technique was placed. Replicas were taken before and after thermomechanical loading (1,200,000cycles, 50/5Β°C, max. load 49N). Marginal integrity (tooth-luting composite, luting composite-inlay) was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (Γ200). The percentage of continuous margins in the different locations was compared between and within groups before and after cycling, using ANOVA and ScheffΓ© post hoc test. Results: After the thermomechanical loading, no significant differences were observed between the different groups with respect to the interface of luting composite-inlay. At the interface of tooth-luting composite for preparations involving the dentin, groups A and B behaved significantly better compared to the control group E, which in turn were not different to groups C and D. Conclusion: Composite and ceramic inlays inserted in minimally invasive prepared mod cavities result in margins not different from those of inlays placed in conventional mod preparations. Direct composite filling margins, however, were inferior to those attained by conventional indirect restorations. Clinical relevance: Minimally invasive preparations for mod inlays with undercuts show marginal adaptation equal to that of conventional inlay preparation design
Absence of cardiomyocyte differentiation following transplantation of adult cardiac-resident Sca-1+ cells into infarcted mouse hearts
Although several lines of evidence suggest that the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface protein Sca-1 marks cardiac-resident stem cells, a critical analysis of the literature raises some concerns regarding their cardiomyogenic potential.1 Here, isolated adult cardiac-resident Sca-1+ cells were engrafted into infarcted hearts and monitored for cardiomyogenic differentiation. Donor cells were prepared from ACT-EGFP; MHC-nLAC double-transgenic mice ([C57/Bl6J x DBA/2J]F1 genetic background; all procedures followed were in accordance with Institutional Guidelines). The ACT-EGFP transgene targets ubiquitous expression of an enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter, and the MHC-nLAC transgene targets cardiomyocyte-restricted expression of a nuclear-localized Ξ²-galactosidase reporter. Donor cell survival was monitored via EGFP fluorescence, while cardiomyogenic differentiation was monitored by reacting with the chromogenic Ξ²-galactosidase substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-Ξ²-D-galactoside (X-GAL), which gives rise to a blue product.2 Double-transgenic hearts were dispersed with Blendzyme and the resulting cells reacted with an APC-conjugated anti-Sca-1 antibody and a PE-conjugated cocktail of antibodies recognizing hematopoietic lineage markers.3 Sca-1+, EGFP+, lineage- cells were then isolated via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS; characterization of the donor cells is provided in Figure 1A), and 100,000 cells were injected into the infarct border zone of non-transgenic [C57/Bl6J x DBA/2J]F1 mice immediately following permanent coronary artery occlusion
Deuteron Elastic-Scattering at 110 and 120 Mev
Journals published by the American Physical Society can be found at http://publish.aps.org/Deuteron elastic scattering cross sections have been measured at 110 and 120 MeV on C, Ni-58, and Pb-208. Optical model potentials have been extracted and compared to deuteron global optical model potentials
Construction and execution of experiments at the multi-purpose thermal hydraulic test facility TOPFLOW for generic investigations of two-phase flows and the development and validation of CFD codes - Final report
The works aimed at the further development and validation of models for CFD codes. For this reason, the new thermal-hydraulic test facility TOPFLOW was erected and equipped with wire-mesh sensors with high spatial and time resolution. Vertical test sections with nominal diameters of DN50 and DN200 operating with air-water as well as steam-water two-phase flows provided results on the evaluation of flow patterns, on the be¬haviour of the interfacial area as well as on interfacial momentum and heat transfer. The validation of the CFD-code for complex geometries was carried out using 3D void fraction and velocity distributions obtained in an experiment with an asymmetric obstacle in the large DN200 test section. With respect to free surface flows, stratified co- and counter-current flows as well as slug flows were studied in two horizontal test channels made from acrylic glass. Post-test calculations of these experiments succeeded in predicting the slug formation process. Corresponding to the main goal of the project, the experimental data was used for the model development. For vertical flows, the emphasis was put on lateral bubble forces (e.g. lift force). Different constitutive laws were tested using a Multi Bubble Size Class Test Solver that has been developed for this purpose. Basing on the results a generalized inhomogeneous Multiple Size Group (MUSIG) Model has been proposed and implemented into the CFD code CFX (ANSYS). Validation calculations with the new code resulted in the conclusion that particularly the models for bubble coalescence and fragmentation need further optimisation. Studies of single effects, like the assessment of turbulent dissipation in a bubbly flow and the analysis of trajectories of single bubbles near the wall, supplied other important results of the project
Π‘ΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² 137Cs, 85Sr ΠΈ 60Co ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
The results of the study of cesium, strontium, cobalt radionuclides sorption from model solutions simulating liquid radioactive waste on promising sorbents based on thermally modified oil shale are presented. The dependency of texture parameters obtained from the results of nitrogen adsorption-desorption on the treatment method of oil shale and their relationship to sorption parameters such as distribution coefficient and removal efficiency was discussed. Understanding how pore characteristics affect the sorption activity of such complex systems as sorbents is important for the creation of radionuclide sorption materials with improved characteristics. The efficiency of sorption of cesium, strontium and cobalt radionuclides was rather high for sorbent samples: the distribution coefficient was about 103β104 ml/g with a removal efficiency of more than 66 %. The most effective sorbent was obtained from oil shale with a heating rate of 5 deg/min without subsequent steam treatment, which is recommended to be used for low-active radioactive waste treatment.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π΄ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈβΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ) ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΡΡ, Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΡΠ° Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ: ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ 103β104 ΠΌΠ»/Π³ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 66 %. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ ΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ 5 Π³ΡΠ°Π΄/ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΡΠ°
Π ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°
The authors analyze the identified research and real-case publications on the critical problem: the librariesβ role as a social institution non-corresponding to the mission being conferred on them and its implementation. The purpose of the article is to actualize the problem related to the librariesβ role as a social institution and to attract attention of researchers in various domains, evoking interest to building professional competences in the specialists of social and cultural areas, including libraries. The authors suggest to develop management standards for the social institution of libraries to improve the quality of library services. The uniqueness of the study lies in the general analytical and comparative methods applied to existing standards, laws and conceptual documents for the institutions of culture. The researchers use competitive and systems methodological approaches. The empirical data of revealed sources are obtained through the methods of comparative analysis and systems analysis. The originality of the article is that the role of libraries is specified as a social institution going through transformation and intensive digitalization. The key functions of many social institutions (educational, cultural, families, etc.) are deflecting; their missions and roles are changing and being lost. On one hand, this is due to the chaos and inconsistency of transformation processes, and on the other hand, due to weakening control system and strengthening management system in business and economical processes. Today, despite the national programs, the problems of social systems affect economics, finances, ecology, etc.The current socioeconomic situation of transformation and intensive digitalization in every sphere of the Russian society, calls for regulated functions of social systems and their components. The analysis findings demonstrate that the libraries as a social institution have been losing their mission, while random and chaotic transformation processes result in imbalance and do harm. The social institutions depreciate the librariesβ implementing social functions which is evidenced by the analysis of legal and regulatory and conceptual acts in the cultural and social sphere. One of the solutions is to strengthen management of the libraries as a social institution and improving expertise of librarians.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ β Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ β Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ. Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ. Π΄.) Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ, ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ. Π‘ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², Π° Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ β ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π‘Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ, Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅, ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ. Π΄.Π ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ, Π±Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄. Π‘ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Β«ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡΒ» ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ β ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²
Rapidly progressive dementia with thalamic degeneration and peculiar cortical prion protein immunoreactivity, but absence of proteinase K resistant PrP: a new disease entity?
BACKGROUND: Human prion diseases are a group of rare fatal neurodegenerative conditions with well-developed clinical and neuropathological diagnostic criteria. Recent observations have expanded the spectrum of prion diseases beyond the classically recognized forms. RESULTS: In the present study we report six patients with a novel, apparently sporadic disease characterised by thalamic degeneration and rapidly progressive dementia (duration of illness 2-12 months; age at death: 55-81 years). Light and electron microscopic immunostaining for the prion protein (PrP) revealed a peculiar intraneuritic distribution in neocortical regions. Proteinase K resistant PrP (PrPres) was undetectable by Western blotting in frontal cortex from the three cases with frozen tissue, even after enrichment for PrPres by centrifugation or by phosphotungstic acid precipitation. Conformation-dependent immunoassay analysis using a range of PK digestion conditions (and no PK digestion) produced only very limited evidence of meaningful D-N (denatured/native) values, indicative of the presence of disease-associated PrP (PrPSc) in these cases, when the results were compared with appropriate negative control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our observation expands the spectrum of conditions associated with rapidly progressive dementia and may have implications for the understanding of the pathogenesis of prion diseases
Experiments performed with bubbly flow in vertical pipes at different flow conditions covering the transition region: Simulation by coupling Eulerian, Lagrangian and 3D random walks models
[EN] Two phase flow experiments with different superficial velocities of gas and water were performed in a vertical upward isothermal cocurrent air-water flow column with conditions ranging from bubbly flow, with very low void fraction, to transition flow with some cap and slug bubbles and void fractions around 25%. The superficial velocities of the liquid and the gas phases were varied from 0.5 to 3 m/s and from 0 to 0.6 m/s, respectively. Also to check the effect of changing the surface tension on the previous experiments small amounts of 1-butanol were added to the water. These amounts range from 9 to 75 ppm and change the surface tension. This study is interesting because in real cases the surface tension of the water diminishes with temperature, and with this kind of experiments we can study indirectly the effect of changing the temperature on the void fraction distribution. The following axial and radial distributions were measured in all these experiments: void fraction, interfacial area concentration, interfacial velocity, Sauter mean diameter and turbulence intensity. The range of values of the gas superficial velocities in these experiments covered the range from bubbly flow to the transition to cap/slug flow. Also with transition flow conditions we distinguish two groups of bubbles in the experiments, the small spherical bubbles and the cap/slug bubbles. Special interest was devoted to the transition region from bubbly to cap/slug flow; the goal was to understand the physical phenomena that take place during this transition A set of numerical simulations of some of these experiments for bubbly flow conditions has been performed by coupling a Lagrangian code, that tracks the three dimensional motion of the individual bubbles in cylindrical coordinates inside the field of the carrier liquid, to an Eulerian model that computes the magnitudes of continuous phase and to a 3D random walk model that takes on account the fluctuation in the velocity field of the carrier fluid that are seen by the bubbles due to turbulence fluctuations. Also we have included in the model the deformation that suffers the bubble when it touches the wall and it is compressed by the forces that pushes it toward the wall, provoking that the bubble rebound like a ball.The authors of this paper are indebted to the National Plan of I+D by the support of the coordinated projects REMOD-ERN ENE2010-21368-C02-01/CON and ENE2010-21368-C02-02/CON to perform the experiments.MuΓ±oz-Cobo, JL.; Chiva, S.; Ali Abdelaziz Essa, M.; Mendez, S. (2012). Experiments performed with bubbly flow in vertical pipes at different flow conditions covering the transition region: Simulation by coupling Eulerian, Lagrangian and 3D random walks models. Archives of Thermodynamics. 33(1):3-39. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10173-012-0001-4S33933
Water soluble, multifunctional antibody-porphyrin gold nanoparticles for targeted photodynamic therapy
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment of cancer by which tumour cells are destroyed using reactive oxygen species produced by photosensitizers following activation with visible or near infrared light. Successful PDT depends on the solubility and the targeting ability of the photosensitizers. In this work, the synthesis of a porphyrin-based water soluble nanoparticle conjugate containing a targeting agent that recognizes the erbB2 receptor overexpressed on the surface of particular cancer cells is reported. The nanoparticle conjugates were synthesized following two different protocols, viz. a biphasic and a monophasic method, with the aim to determine which method yielded the optimal nanosystem for potential PDT applications. The nanoparticles were characterized using UVβVis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies together with transmission electron microscopy and zeta potential measurements; and their ability to produce singlet oxygen following irradiation was investigated following the decay in absorption of a singlet oxygen probe. The nanoparticles synthesized using the monophasic method were shown to produce the highest amount of singlet oxygen and were further functionalized with anti-erbB2 antibody to target the erbB2 receptors expressed on the surface of SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cells. The water soluble, antibody-porphyrin nanoparticle conjugates were shown to elicit targeted PDT of the breast cancer cells
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