Muscle Research and Gene Ontology: New standards for improved data integration.

BACKGROUND: The Gene Ontology Project provides structured controlled vocabularies for molecular biology that can be used for the functional annotation of genes and gene products. In a collaboration between the Gene Ontology (GO) Consortium and the muscle biology community, we have made large-scale additions to the GO biological process and cellular component ontologies. The main focus of this ontology development work concerns skeletal muscle, with specific consideration given to the processes of muscle contraction, plasticity, development, and regeneration, and to the sarcomere and membrane-delimited compartments. Our aims were to update the existing structure to reflect current knowledge, and to resolve, in an accommodating manner, the ambiguity in the language used by the community. RESULTS: The updated muscle terminologies have been incorporated into the GO. There are now 159 new terms covering critical research areas, and 57 existing terms have been improved and reorganized to follow their usage in muscle literature. CONCLUSION: The revised GO structure should improve the interpretation of data from high-throughput (e.g. microarray and proteomic) experiments in the area of muscle science and muscle disease. We actively encourage community feedback on, and gene product annotation with these new terms. Please visit the Muscle Community Annotation Wiki http://wiki.geneontology.org/index.php/Muscle_Biology

Mammal responses to global changes in human activity vary by trophic group and landscape

Wildlife must adapt to human presence to survive in the Anthropocene, so it is critical to understand species responses to humans in different contexts. We used camera trapping as a lens to view mammal responses to changes in human activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Across 163 species sampled in 102 projects around the world, changes in the amount and timing of animal activity varied widely. Under higher human activity, mammals were less active in undeveloped areas but unexpectedly more active in developed areas while exhibiting greater nocturnality. Carnivores were most sensitive, showing the strongest decreases in activity and greatest increases in nocturnality. Wildlife managers must consider how habituation and uneven sensitivity across species may cause fundamental differences in human–wildlife interactions along gradients of human influence.Peer reviewe

AI is a viable alternative to high throughput screening: a 318-target study

: High throughput screening (HTS) is routinely used to identify bioactive small molecules. This requires physical compounds, which limits coverage of accessible chemical space. Computational approaches combined with vast on-demand chemical libraries can access far greater chemical space, provided that the predictive accuracy is sufficient to identify useful molecules. Through the largest and most diverse virtual HTS campaign reported to date, comprising 318 individual projects, we demonstrate that our AtomNet® convolutional neural network successfully finds novel hits across every major therapeutic area and protein class. We address historical limitations of computational screening by demonstrating success for target proteins without known binders, high-quality X-ray crystal structures, or manual cherry-picking of compounds. We show that the molecules selected by the AtomNet® model are novel drug-like scaffolds rather than minor modifications to known bioactive compounds. Our empirical results suggest that computational methods can substantially replace HTS as the first step of small-molecule drug discovery

Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)

Kalmar- Upplevelser året om! : En studie av möjligheterna för Kalmar att bli en åretrunt-destination

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att kartlägga vilka möjligheter som finns för att Kalmar i framtiden ska bli en åretrunt-destination. Metod: För att få bästa möjliga utfall av vår studie har ansatsen i den här studien varit induktiv då vi valde att studera verkligheten, utan att styras av redan befintliga teorier. Datainsamlingen skedde genom kvalitativa ostrukturerade intervjuer som analyserades och kompletterades med väsentliga teorier, diverse artiklar samt relevanta hemsidor. Slutsats: Vi anser att Kalmar har möjligheter till att förlänga säsongen om större satsningar görs på att utveckla vinterhalvåret, lägga större vikt vid samarbete mellan aktörer samt även att arbeta mer med marknadsföring. En utveckling av Kalmar under vinterhalvåret kan i det långa loppet bidra till att Kalmar blir en åretrunt-destination

A descriptive study of the teaching practices using computers in a selected preschool

This research aimed to provide a descriptive study of the teaching practices using computers in a selected preschool for ages 4-5 and 5-6 year olds. Specifically, the study looked into (1) the practices of the teachers in using the computer in terms of (a) purpose (b) routine (c) type of interaction (d) type of software (e) physical arrangement, and (f) frequency (2) whether the practices are in line with the principles of computer use in early childhood education (3) the rationales of the teachers in using the computer in the preschool classroom. This study intends to find out the purpose of the computers in the classroom and how they are being used for direct instruction, optional activity, to supplement the child\u27s learning, to create and for instructional support. Also, this study looked into when the teachers make use of the computer in the following routines: choice time/free play, circle time, story time, snack time and lesson proper. It also looked into the types of interaction children engage in when they are using the computer such as individually, in dyads and in small groups. Lastly, the types of software used by the teachers are described such as drill and practice, games, open-ended and tutorial. In order to obtain the objectives of the study, the instruments used to gather data were survey questionnaire, face to face interview and observation. The selected preschool is in line with the principles of computer use in preschool classroom as evidenced in the practices used by the teachers in the study in the utilization of computers in their respective classrooms

Epílogo. Dos palabras y un mensaje. Acervo Mexicano.

Acer-VosPostprin

Acervo Mexicano. Legado de culturas [libro completo].

Acer-VosPostprin

CYCAS-MED project: analysis at regional and local scale of climate change impacts on cereals yield in Morocco

The project CYCAS-MED: Crop yield and climate change impacts on agriculture: adaptation strategies to desertification processes in the Mediterranean areas, aimed at the development of tools and methodologies for the assessment of the response of three major crops in Morocco to climatic change. Results for durum wheat are here presented