PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DALAM MENGENAL TANDA BACA HURUF HIJAIYYAH MELALUI METODE DRILL PADA SISWA KELAS II.A SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 004 BUKIT RAYA KOTA PEKANBARU

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan metode drill dapat meningkatkan motivasi balajar dalam mengenal tanda banca huruf hijaiyyah pada siswa kelas II.A Sekolah Dasar Negeri 004 Bukit Raya Kota Pekanbaru. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah Penerapan Metode drill dapat Meningkatkan motivasi belajar dalam mengenal tanda baca huruf hijaiyyah Pada Siswa Kelas II.A Sekolah Dasar Negeri 004 Bukit Raya Kota Pekanbaru. Subjek dalam penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah siswa Kelas II.A Sekolah Dasar Negeri 004 Bukit Raya Kota Pekanbaru yang berjumlah 38 orang, 20 orang siswa berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan 19 orang siswa berjenis kelamin perempuan. Sedangkan objek dalam penelitian ini adalah peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri 004 Bukit Raya Kota Pekanbaru dengan menggunakan metode Drill. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi/pengamatan dan dokumentasi. Dalam menggunakan observasi cara yang paling efektif adalah melengkapinya dengan blangko pengamatan sebagai instrumen. Dokumentasi merupakan teknik yang digunakan peneliti untuk mengetahui tentang keadaan umum lokasi penelitian, keadaan guru, keadaan siswa, dan sarana-prasarana. Setelah data diperoleh dan dianalis maka dapat diketahui motivasi belajar dalam mengenal tanda baca huruf hijaiyyah pada mata pelalajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dengan metode drill siswa kelas II.A Sekolah Dasar Negeri 004 Bukit Raya Kota Pekanbaru, sebelum dan sesudah tindakan adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Sebelum dilakukan tindakan motivasi belajar siswa yaitu 60,37%, berada antara 56%-75% hal ini dikategorikan cukup tinggi, (2) Setelah dilakukan tindakan pada siklus pertama motivasi belajar siswa yaitu 69,23%, berada antara 56%-75% dengan kategori cukup tinggi, (3) Siklus kedua motivasi belajar siswa yaitu 76,22%, berada antara 76%-100% dengan kategori tinggi dan, (4) Siklus ketiga motivasi belajar siswa yaitu 98,83%, berada antara 76%-100% dengan kategori tinggi

A comparative study of removing two different types of medicaments from root canal during two different periods

Aim of study: the aim of this study is to compare removing Calcium hydroxide, Abdullah medicament from root canal. Materials and Methods: this study was conducted of 30 single canal human teeth. The teeth were collected, root canals were instrumented by standardized technique, the secondary canals were manufactured in apical and middle third of the roots. Then roots were randomly assigned in 2 groups: group A for Ca (OH)2 medicament and group B for Abdullah medicament. medicaments were placed in order to remove them later after 24 hours for group B and 7 days for group A. Then the comparative study was done using X-ray images. Results: the results showed that Abdullah medicament removal was significantly more effective than the removal of calcium hydroxide paste in both middle and apical third of the root canal. Conclusion: In the limitation of this study, removal of Abdullah medicament is much easier than removal of Calcium Hydroxide and this affects the success of obturation procedure   هدف الدراسة : الهدف من الدراسة الحالية مقارنة إزالة كل من الضمادات التالية من الأقنية الجذرية : ماءات الكالسيوم، ضماد عبد الله. المواد والطرق: أُجريت الدراسة على 30 سن بشري وحيد القناة. حُضِّرت الأقنية وفق الطريقة التقليدية. شُفّفت الأسنان وصُنعت أقنية ثانوية في الثلثين الذروي والمتوسط. بعدها قُسمت العيّنة عشوائيّاً إلى مجموعتين: مجموعة A وتم تطبيق ضماد ماءات الكالسيوم فيها لتتم إزالته بعد 7 أيام. ومجموعة B وتم تطبيق ضماد عبد الله فيها لتتم إزالته بعد 24 ساعة. تم تطبيق الضمادات ومن ثم أزيلت بعد مرور الفترة المحدَّدة لكل منها. كما تمت المقارنة فيما بينها باستخدام الأشعة السينية. النتائج: أظهرت الدراسة سهولة إزالة ضماد عبد الله عند مقارنته مع ضماد ماءات الكالسيوم من الأقنية الثانوية وذلك في الثلث المتوسط والثلث الذروي من جذور الأسنان حيث كانت الفروق ذات دلالات هامة إحصائياً. الاستنتاجات: ضمن حدود هذه الدراسة تبيّن تفوّق ضماد عبد الله على ضماد ماءات الكالسيوم وهذا الأمر له أهمية كبيرة في نجاح المعالجة اللبية

PERANAN PERAPEKA DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT PADA UPAYA KONSERVASI ALAM KAWASAN LINGKAR MERAPI (Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif di Desa Kemiren Kecamatan Srumbung Kabupaten Magelang Jawa Tengah)

Zamrini Erawati, D0303069. PERANAN PERAPEKA DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT PADA UPAYA KONSERVASI ALAM KAWASAN LINGKAR MERAPI DI DESA KEMIREN (Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif di Desa Kemiren Kecamatan Srumbung Kabupaten Magelang Jawa Tengah)”. Skripsi, Jurusan Sosiologi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 2007. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan Peranan PeraPEKA dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat pada Upaya Konservasi Alam Kawasan Lingkar Merapi di Desa Kemiren, Kecamatan Srumbung, Kabupaten Magelang, Jawa Tengah. Dimana daerah tersebut saat ini tengah mengalami kerusakan lingkungan alam. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan Sosiologi yang mengacu pada bidang ekologi manusia. Sedangkan teori yang digunakan untuk pendekatan masalah adalah teori yang terdapat dalam paradigma Definisi Sosial, yaitu Teori Aksi.Teori Aksi ini menekankan pada tindakan sosial dari Max Weber, dan memandang bahwa manusia adalah sebagai aktor yang kreatif dari realitas sosialnya. Kaitannya dengan ekologi manusia yaitu sistem kehidupan dimana manusia berada di dalamnya dan melakukan peran-peran untuk menunjang kehidupan dan kesejahteraan manusia. Interaksi kemudian menuntut peran dalam kehidupan ini. Dengan peran kita harus membentuk perilaku untuk menjaga kelestarian lingkungan alam agar dapat berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya demi menunjang kehidupan dan kesejahteraan manusia itu sendiri. Jenis penelitiannya adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang berusaha untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai Peranan PeraPEKA dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat pada Upaya Konservasi Alam Kawasan Lingkar Merapi dengan menggunakan kata-kata. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi non partisipan, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Teknik sampling yang digunakan ialah purposive sampling atau sample yang bertujuan. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukan bahwa PeraPEKA selama ini berupaya memainkan perannya dengan mengarahkan kegiatan yang diarahkan untuk upaya konservasi alam kawasan lingkar Merapi yang bermanfaat bagi masyarakat luas.Dari segi peningkatan kapasitas dan penguatan organisasi menunjukan bahwa PeraPEKA memberikan pembelajaran dan latihan serta dukungan bagi anggota-anggotanya. Kegiatan pendampingan yang dilakukan PeraPEKA pada masyarakat yang tujuannya ingin menjaga kelestarian lingkungan dan menampung aspirasi masyarakat. Dalam hal advokasi atau pembelaan lingkungan yang dilakukan dengan bekerjasama dengan pihak-pihak luar yang dalam hal ini berarti penguatan organisasi di tingkat luar agar organisasi mempunyai kekuatan atau legalitas serta pengakuan dari berbagai pihak sehingga akan memudahkan dalam pencapaian tujuannya. Peranan PeraPEKA dalam peningkatan kesejahteraan hidup, sebagai salah satu manifestasinya adalah dengan mengadakan kegiatan Sekolah Lapangan. Dalam aksi sosial dan kontrol sosial adalah pendirian posko bencana dan mitigasi bencana di Desa Kemiren

The association between cognition and dual-tasking among older adults: the effect of motor function type and cognition task difficulty

Background: Dual-task actions challenge cognitive processing. The usefulness of objective methods based on dual-task actions to identify the cognitive status of older adults has been previously demonstrated. However, the properties of select motor and cognitive tasks are still debatable. We investigated the effect of cognitive task difficulty and motor task type (walking versus an upper-extremity function [UEF]) in identifying cognitive impairment in older adults. Methods: Older adults (>= 65 years) were recruited, and cognitive ability was measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Participants performed repetitive elbow flexion under three conditions: 1) at maximum pace alone (Single-task); and 2) while counting backward by ones (Dual-task 1); and 3) threes (Dual-task 2). Similar single- and dual-task gait were performed at normal speed. Three-dimensional kinematics were measured for both motor functions using wearable sensors. Results: One-hundred older adults participated in this study. Based on MoCA score,20, 21 (21%) of the participants were considered cognitively impaired (mean age = 86 +/- 10 and 85 +/- 5 for cognitively impaired and intact participants, respectively). Within ANOVA models adjusted with demographic information, UEF dual-task parameters, including speed and range-of-motion variability were significantly higher by 52% on average, among cognitively impaired participant (p0.26). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that counting backward by threes within a UEF dual-task experiment was a pertinent and challenging enough task to detect cognitive impairment in older adults. Additionally, UEF was superior to gait as the motor task component of the dual-task. The UEF dual-task could be applied as a quick memory screen in a clinical setting.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Healthy Brain Research Network (CDC-HBRN) - CDC Healthy Aging Program-Healthy Brain Initiative; National Institute of Aging (NIA) [1 R21 AG055852-01]Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Magnetoencephalography as a Putative Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common dementia in the elderly and is estimated to affect tens of millions of people worldwide. AD is believed to have a prodromal stage lasting ten or more years. While amyloid deposits, tau filaments, and loss of brain cells are characteristics of the disease, the loss of dendritic spines and of synapses predate such changes. Popular preclinical detection strategies mainly involve cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, magnetic resonance imaging, metabolic PET scans, and amyloid imaging. One strategy missing from this list involves neurophysiological measures, which might be more sensitive to detect alterations in brain function. The Magnetoencephalography International Consortium of Alzheimer's Disease arose out of the need to advance the use of Magnetoencephalography (MEG), as a tool in AD and pre-AD research. This paper presents a framework for using MEG in dementia research, and for short-term research priorities

High-Order Visual Processing, Visual Symptoms, and Visual Hallucinations: A Possible Symptomatic Progression of Parkinson's Disease

Objective: To determine whether Parkinson disease (PD) patients with (VH) have different clinical characteristics and gray-matter volume than those with visual misperceptions (VM) or other visual symptoms (OvS).Background: The spectrum of visual complaints in PD is broad and complex.Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 525 PD patients to identify the frequency of visual symptoms and the association with clinical and radiological features. Brain volumetric MRI data was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression to differentiate cases with and without visual symptoms.Results: Among 525 PD cases, visual complaints were documented in 177 (33.7%). Among these, 83 (46.9%) had VH, 31 (17.5%) had VM, and 63 (35.6%) had OvS (diplopia, blurry vision, photophobia, dry eyes, and eye pain or soreness). When compared to OvS, patients with VH had significantly higher age, duration of disease, rate of REM sleep behavior disorder, and cognitive impairment. Visual hallucinations patients had decreased age-adjusted volumetric averages in 28/30 gray-matter regions when compared to PD without visual symptoms and 30/30 gray-matter regions when compared to VM patients.Conclusions: Visual symptoms in PD may represent a spectrum from OvS to VM to VH, with progression of the latter associated with older age, duration of disease, presence of REM sleep behavior disorder, cognitive impairment, and decreased gray-matter volume

Cerebrogenic cardiac arrhythmias:: Cortical lateralization and clinical significance

That the brain may be involved in cardiovascular regulation has been acknowledged for over a century. That cardiac arrhythmias may result from cortical derangement has been less well recognized. That cortical cardiac representation may be lateralized is even more controversial. Recent evidence implicates several cortical structures, especially the insula, in cardiac rate and rhythm control. Experimental models indicate that insular lesions may be arrhythmogenic. Accumulating data show similar lesion effects in humans. In the rat, monkey and man sympathetic cardiovascular control is generally represented in the right insula, although pronounced insulo-insular connectivity has been demonstrated. Proarrhythmic shifts in cardiac sympathovagal balance occur after human stroke, including left insular lesions. This evidence implicates the cortex in the promotion and even generation of cardiovascular dysfunction under appropriate circumstances

Dynamic Causal Modeling of Preclinical Autosomal-Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease

Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) is a framework for making inferences about changes in brain connectivity using neuroimaging data. We fitted DCMs to high-density EEG data from subjects performing a semantic picture matching task. The subjects are carriers of the PSEN1 mutation, which leads to early onset Alzheimer’s disease, but at the time of EEG acquisition in 1999, these subjects were cognitively unimpaired. We asked 1) what is the optimal model architecture for explaining the event-related potentials in this population, 2) which connections are different between this Presymptomatic Carrier (PreC) group and a Non-Carrier (NonC) group performing the same task, and 3) which network connections are predictive of subsequent Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) trajectories. We found 1) a model with hierarchical rather than lateral connections between hemispheres to be optimal, 2) that a pathway from right inferotemporal cortex (IT) to left medial temporal lobe (MTL) was preferentially activated by incongruent items for subjects in the PreC group but not the NonC group, and 3) that increased effective connectivity among left MTL, right IT, and right MTL was predictive of subsequent MMSE scores

Comorbidity and dementia: a scoping review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that amongst people with dementia there is a high prevalence of comorbid medical conditions and related complaints. The presence of dementia may complicate clinical care for other conditions and undermine a patient's ability to manage a chronic condition. The aim of this study was to scope the extent, range and nature of research activity around dementia and comorbidity. METHODS: We undertook a scoping review including all types of research relating to the prevalence of comorbidities in people with dementia; current systems, structures and other issues relating to service organisation and delivery; patient and carer experiences; and the experiences and attitudes of service providers. We searched AMED, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PubMed, NHS Evidence, Scopus, Google Scholar (searched 2012, Pubmed updated 2013), checked reference lists and performed citation searches on PubMed and Google Scholar (ongoing to February 2014). RESULTS: We included 54 primary studies, eight reviews and three guidelines. Much of the available literature relates to the prevalence of comorbidities in people with dementia or issues around quality of care. Less is known about service organisation and delivery or the views and experiences of people with dementia and their family carers. There is some evidence that people with dementia did not have the same access to treatment and monitoring for conditions such as visual impairment and diabetes as those with similar comorbidities but without dementia. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of comorbid conditions in people with dementia is high. Whilst current evidence suggests that people with dementia may have poorer access to services the reasons for this are not clear. There is a need for more research looking at the ways in which having dementia impacts on clinical care for other conditions and how the process of care and different services are adapting to the needs of people with dementia and comorbidity. People with dementia should be included in the debate about the management of comorbidities in older populations and there needs to be greater consideration given to including them in studies that focus on age-related healthcare issues