Modelos para la toma de decisiones en la empresa

n.d.Fil: Navarro, Diana . Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Estadística - Universidad Nacional de Rosario - Argentin

Tracking Plum pox virus in Chile throughout the year by three different methods and molecular characterization of Chilean isolates

During 2007, a survey was performed to detect and identify Plum pox virus (PPV) in Chilean stone fruit commercial orchards. A total of 1396 trees were analyzed and 45 (3.22 %) of them resulted positive. A fragment of 467 bp, corresponding to the replicase-coat protein (Nib-CP) region from the virus genome, was amplified and the the sequences obtained permitted the characterization of all isolates as PPV-D type, confirming that, so far, this is the only serotype present in Chile. To optimize virus detection, 27 PPV-positive trees were selected and sampled monthly from December 2006 until December 2007, collecting plant tissues available at the time of sampling (leaves, cuttings, buds and flowers). Each sample was analyzed by three different techniques: DASI-ELISA, RT-PCR and non-isotopic molecular hybridization (MH). The results showed that RT-PCR was more sensitive for detection in all months excepting January 2007, when the three techniques showed the same sensitivity. In general, MH showed a better sensitivity compared with DASI-ELISA. The best plant materials for analysis were: leaves, in February, March, September and October; phloem from cuttings in June; buds in July, and flowers in August. Keywords: PPV, detection, phylogeny, samplin

Assessment of Quality of Life in Head-and-Neck Oncologic Patients with Intraoral Soft-Tissue Defects Reconstructed with Buccinator Myomucosal Flap

The aim of this study is to evaluate the functional outcomes and quality of life (QoL) in oncologic patients with intraoral defects reconstructed with the buccinator myomucosal flap. A retrospective study was performed involving 39 patients with intraoral soft-tissue defects, reconstructed with a buccinator myomucosal flap during a six-year period. Patients completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer questionnaires, the standard questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and the head-and-neck specific module (QLQ-H&N35). Thirty-nine patients with a mean age of 61.23 ± 15.80 years were included in the study. Thirty-three patients were diagnosed with an oncological condition (84.61%). Six patients (15.38%) developed orosinusal communication and underwent extensive debridement. The median global-health-status score was 79.27 and emotional performance was the lowest scoring, with a mean score of 76.93. As for the symptom items, the most outstanding were dental problems (33.33), oral opening (31.62) and dry mouth (37.61), followed by sticky saliva (24.79), problems with social eating (21.15) and pain (19.87). The most significant symptoms were radiotherapy-related adverse effects such as pain, fatigue, dental problems and dry mouth. Patients reconstructed with the buccinator myomucosal flap develop a good quality of life for all types of activities, and a correct function and aesthetics. Postoperative radiotherapy is associated with a poorer quality of life, and can lead to impairment of several symptoms such as swallowing, oral opening and dry mouth.Depto. de Salud Pública y Materno - InfantilFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu

Ivabradine in acute heart failure: Effects on heart rate and hemodynamic parameters in a randomized and controlled swine trial

Background: Acute heart failure patients could benefit from heart rate reduction, as myocardial consumption and oxidative stress are related to tachycardia. Ivabradine could have a clinical role attenuating catecholamine-induced tachycardia. The aim of this study was to evaluate hemodynamic effects of ivabradine in a swine model of acute heart failure. Methods: Myocardial infarction was induced by 45 min left anterior descending artery balloon occlusion in 18 anesthetized pigs. An infusion of dobutamine and noradrenaline was maintained aiming to preserve adequate hemodynamic support, accompanied by fluid administration to obtain a pulmonary wedged pressure ≥ 18 mmHg. After reperfusion, rhythm and hemodynamic stabilization, the animals were randomized to 0.3 mg/kg ivabradine intravenously (n = 9) or placebo (n = 9). Hemodynamic parameters were observed over a 60 min period. Results: Ivabradine was associated with a significant reduction in heart rate (88.4 ± 12.0 bpm vs. 122.7 ± 17.3 bpm after 15 min of ivabradine/placebo infusion, p < 0.01) and an increase in stroke volume (68.8 ± 13.7 mL vs. 52.4 ± 11.5 mL after 15 min, p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in systemic or pulmonary arterial pressure, or significant changes in pulmonary capillary pressure. However, after 15 min, cardiac output was significantly reduced with ivabradine (–5.2% vs. +15.0% variation in ivabradine/placebo group, p = 0.03), and central venous pressure increased (+4.2% vs. –19.7% variation, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Ivabradine reduces heart rate and increases stroke volume without modifying systemic or left filling pressures in a swine model of acute heart failure. However, an excessive heart rate reduction could lead to a decrease in cardiac output and an increase in right filling pressures. Future studies with specific heart rate targets are needed

The Obesity Paradox: Associations between the Body Mass Index and Self-Perceived Health, Depression Status, and Pain Level in Older People

Population growth and physical inactivity have led to health and social consequences derived from chronic diseases and decreased quality of life in the elderly. Some research suggests that overweight in older people may not be associated with the negative effects on some health indicators. This study analysed the associations between Self-Perceived Health (SPH), Depression status, Pain Level, and Body Mass Index (BMI) in people over 70 years who are residents in Spain, with a final sample composed of 13,895 participants. A cross-sectional study using data from the European Health Surveys in Spain (EHIS2014 and 2020) and the National Health Survey (ENSE2017) was conducted. Dependency associations were observed between SPH, Depression Status, and Pain Level with BMI in the outcomes from the three surveys analysed (p < 0.001). Negative SPH, Depression Status, and Severe/Extreme Pain Degree prevalence were higher in the Underweight groups, being the lowest in Normal-weight and Overweight groups (p < 0.05). High levels of negative SPH, Depression, and Severe/Extreme Pain risks were found in the Underweight compared to the Normal-weight group, but not in Overweight ones. Overweight was not linked with an increased risk of the conditions analysed compared to the Normal-weight groups in older residents in Spain. The Underweight group presented the highest negative SPH prevalence, Depression, and Severe/Extreme Pain. Moreover, Obesity increased the negative SPH, Depression, and Pain Degree risks compared to the Normal-weight and Overweight groups in this population.The author Á.D.-Z. (FPU20/04201) was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport, Grant FPU20/04201 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and, as appropriate, by “European Social Fund Investing in your future” or by “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”

Mobile genetic elements related to the diffusion of plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases or carbapenemases from Enterobacteriaceae: findings from a multicenter study in Spain

We examined the genetic context of 74 acquired ampC genes and 17 carbapenemase genes from 85 out of 640 Enterobacteriaceae isolates collected in 2009. Using S1-PFGE and Southern hybridization, 37 out of 74 blaAmpC genes were located on large plasmids of different sizes belonging to six Inc groups. We used sequencing and PCR mapping to investigate the regions flanking the acquired ampC genes. The blaCMY-2like genes were associated with ISEcp1, the surrounding blaDHA genes were similar to Klebsiella pneumoniae plasmid pTN60013 associated with IS26 and the psp and sap operons, and blaACC-1 genes were associated with IS26 elements inserted into ISEcp1. All the carbapenemase genes (blaVIM-1, two blaIMP-22 and blaIMP-28) were located in class 1 integrons. Therefore, although plasmids are the main cause of the rapid dissemination of ampC genes among Enterobacteriaceae, we need to be aware that other mobile genetic elements, such as insertion sequences, transposons or integrons, can be involved in the mobilization of these genes of chromosomal origin. Additionally, three new integrons are described in this study (In846 to In848)

Ivabradine in acute heart failure: Effects on heart rate and hemodynamic parameters in a randomized and controlled swine trial.

Background: Acute heart failure patients could benefit from heart rate reduction, as myocardial consumption and oxidative stress are related to tachycardia. Ivabradine could have a clinical role attenuating catecholamine-induced tachycardia. The aim of this study was to evaluate hemodynamic effects of ivabradine in a swine model of acute heart failure. Methods: Myocardial infarction was induced by 45 min left anterior descending artery balloon occlusion in 18 anesthetized pigs. An infusion of dobutamine and noradrenaline was maintained aiming to preserve adequate hemodynamic support, accompanied by fluid administration to obtain a pulmonary wedged pressure ≥ 18 mmHg. After reperfusion, rhythm and hemodynamic stabilization, the animals were randomized to 0.3 mg/kg ivabradine intravenously (n = 9) or placebo (n = 9). Hemodynamic parameters were observed over a 60 min period. Results: Ivabradine was associated with a significant reduction in heart rate (88.4 ± 12.0 bpm vs. 122.7 ± 17.3 bpm after 15 min of ivabradine/placebo infusion, p < 0.01) and an increase in stroke volume (68.8 ± 13.7 mL vs. 52.4 ± 11.5 mL after 15 min, p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in systemic or pulmonary arterial pressure, or significant changes in pulmonary capillary pressure. However, after 15 min, cardiac output was significantly reduced with ivabradine (–5.2% vs. +15.0% variation in ivabradine/placebo group, p = 0.03), and central venous pressure increased (+4.2% vs. – 19.7% variation, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Ivabradine reduces heart rate and increases stroke volume without modifying systemic or left filling pressures in a swine model of acute heart failure. However, an excessive heart rate reduction could lead to a decrease in cardiac output and an increase in right filling pressures. Future studies with specific heart rate targets are needed.pre-print2533 K

First detection of Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus and Grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus, and new phylogenetic groups for Grapevine fleck virus and Hop stunt viroid isolates, revealed from grapevine field surveys in Spain

[EN] Evaluation of the prevalence of virus and viroid infections was conducted in a grapevine field collection in Valencia, Spain. Samples of autochthonous and traditional grapevine cultivars were collected during November 2011 and tested for the presence of fourteen viruses and five viroids, using RT-PCR. The prevalent viruses were Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV: 49% infected samples) and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2: 15% of samples). GLRaV-1, GLRaV-3, GLRaV-4 (variants 4 and 5), Grapevine fanleaf virus, Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), Grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus (GRVFV) and Grapevine virus A were also detected. Hop stunt viroid (HSVd: 92% of plants infected) and Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (6% of plants) were also detected. Mixed infections with two, and up to six different viruses and/or viroids were common. Only five samples (4%) were free from 19 pathogens tested. This is the first report of GLRaV-4 (variants 4 and 5) in the Valencia region of Spain, and the first record of GRSPaV and GRVFV in this country. Phylogenetic analyses performed with the sequences of these viruses showed that the Spanish isolates of GLRaV-4, GFkV and HSVd belong to new phylogenetic groups.This study was supported by Projects Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC (2010CL0021) and BIO2011-25018 from the Spanish MINECO / UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE 04/11-2 and 2010CL0021Fiore, N.; Zamorano, A.; Sánchez Diana, N.; González, X.; Pallás Benet, V.; Sanchez Navarro, JA. (2016). First detection of Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus and Grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus, and new phylogenetic groups for Grapevine fleck virus and Hop stunt viroid isolates, revealed from grapevine field surveys in Spain. Phytopathologia Mediterranea. 55(2):225-238. https://doi.org/10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-15875S22523855