Temperature Dependent Surface Reconstruction of Freely Suspended Films of 4-n-heptyloxybenzylidene-4-n-heptylaniline

Surfaces of freely suspended thick films of 4-n-heptyloxybenzylidene-4-n-heptylaniline (7O.7) in the crystalline-B phase have been imaged using non-contact mode atomic force microscopy. Steps are observed on the surface of the film with a height of 3.0 +/- 0.1 nm corresponding to the upright molecular length of 7O.7. In addition, we find that the step width varies with temperature between 56 and 59 degrees C. The steps are many times wider than the molecular length, suggesting that the steps are not on the surface but instead originate from edge dislocations in the interior. Using a strain model for liquid crystalline layers above an edge dislocation to estimate the depth of the dislocation, we estimate that the number of reconstructed surface layers decreases from 50 to 4 layers as the temperature increases from 56 to 59 degrees C. This trend tracks the behavior of the phase boundary in the thickness dependent phase diagram of freely suspended films of 7O.7, suggesting that the surface may be reconstructed into a smectic-F phase

Análisis, diseño e implementación de un sistema de información geográfico web turístico

In the competitive world in which we live today, technology has been fundamental basis for the creation of new applications that help make this growth will parallel the progression of time. Applications such as Geographic Information Systems changed its original objective of a tool for handling large amounts of information to an analysis tool for management orientation, becoming a Systems for Decision Making. This project shows the importance of developing a GIS application, such as digital tool for query and location of various tourist attractions of Guayaquil city, allowing amicably provide general knowledge of the streets, distances and routes displacement of habitants of the city to certain place. This tool lets collect and store through of a graphical interface, the media information centers and tourist points of the sectors defined in Guayaquil, as well as providing routes of origin / destination for the transfer of visitors according to the start address , destination address and road sense

Sistema centralizado para la optimización del tráfico mediante un servidor de rutas

[EN] The route planning solutions promise improvements in terms of the travel time for a route if they are familiar with the traffic congestion state in real-time. With current solutions, where most are static and based on, the cost of road segments, the first challenge is to obtain reliable estimates of traffic congestion for a city at different times of day, and for different days of the year. Overall, calculating this amount of data will take a long time, and have a high computational cost when evaluating the optimal routes based on dependencies. In this paper, the feasibility of integrating a route recommendation system, a network simulator and a traffic simulator is studied. In particular we study the integration of OMNeT ++ and SUMO, both widely known and used tools, with the ABATIS route server as a solution for route planning, allowing to investigate what are the different effects on vehicle flows densely populated urban areas. To achieve that goal the traffic patterns adopted are adjusted, following driver models ranging from real-time speed changes to changes in route selection. However, the number of vehicles that have to be introduced in the simulation is unknown, and thus we developed a heuristic to adjust the number of vehicles to be injected based on the number of vehicles detected on the different sensors placed along the main streets of Valencia, Spain. Initial results show that the proposed route server offers routes with similar quality compared to the tool integrated in SUMO, and that the use of alternative routes is likely to introduce significant changes on the travel times of vehicles[ES] Las soluciones de planificación de rutas prometen lograr mejoras en términos del tiempo recorrido de una ruta si son conocedores del estado de la congestión del tráfico en tiempo real. Con las actuales soluciones, la mayoría toman como base, y de manera estática, el coste de los segmentos de la ruta, siendo el primer reto obtener estimaciones de la congestión de tráfico fiables para las vías de una ciudad en distintas horas del día, y para los distintos días del año. En general, calcular esta cantidad de datos llevará mucho tiempo, y tendrá un elevado coste computacional al evaluar las rutas óptimas en base a dependencias. En este trabajo se estudiará la viabilidad de integrar un sistema de recomendación de rutas con un simulador de red y un simulador de tráfico. Concretamente, se desarrolla la integración de OMNeT++ y SUMO, ambos herramientas muy conocidas y utilizadas, con el servidor de rutas ABATIS como solución a la planificación de rutas, permitiendo así investigar cuales son los diferentes efectos sobre los flujos de vehículos en zonas urbanas densamente pobladas. Para eso se ajustan los patrones de tráfico, siguiendo modelos de conducción en tiempo real que van desde cambios de velocidad a cambios en la selección de rutas. Sin embargo, se desconoce la cantidad de vehículos que tienen que ser introducidos en la simulación y, por lo tanto, se desarrolló una heurística para ajustar la cantidad de vehículos a inyectar partiendo de la cantidad de vehículos que pasan por los detectores colocados en las distintas vías de Valencia, España. Resultados iniciales muestran que el servidor de rutas propuesto ofrece rutas con calidad similar a la herramienta integrada en SUMO, y que el uso de rutas alternativas es propenso a introducir cambios notables en los tiempos de recorrido de los vehículosZambrano Martinez, J. (2015). Sistema centralizado para la optimización del tráfico mediante un servidor de rutas. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/67300Archivo delegad

Towards Realistic Urban Traffic Experiments Using DFROUTER: Heuristic, Validation and Extensions

[EN] Traffic congestion is an important problem faced by Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), requiring models that allow predicting the impact of different solutions on urban traffic flow. Such an approach typically requires the use of simulations, which should be as realistic as possible. However, achieving high degrees of realism can be complex when the actual traffic patterns, defined through an Origin/Destination (O-D) matrix for the vehicles in a city, remain unknown. Thus, the main contribution of this paper is a heuristic for improving traffic congestion modeling. In particular, we propose a procedure that, starting from real induction loop measurements made available by traffic authorities, iteratively refines the output of DFROUTER, which is a module provided by the SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility) tool. This way, it is able to generate an O-D matrix for traffic that resembles the real traffic distribution and that can be directly imported by SUMO. We apply our technique to the city of Valencia, and we then compare the obtained results against other existing traffic mobility data for the cities of Cologne (Germany) and Bologna (Italy), thereby validating our approach. We also use our technique to determine what degree of congestion is expectable if certain conditions cause additional traffic to circulate in the city, adopting both a uniform pattern and a hotspot-based pattern for traffic injection to demonstrate how to regulate the overall number of vehicles in the city. This study allows evaluating the impact of vehicle flow changes on the overall traffic congestion levels.This work was partially supported by Valencia’s Traffic Management Department and by the “Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad, Proyectos I+D+I 2014”, Spain, under Grant TEC2014-52690-R, and the “Programa de Becas SENESCYT”de la República del Ecuador.Zambrano-Martinez, J.; Tavares De Araujo Cesariny Calafate, CM.; Soler Fernández, D.; Cano, J. (2017). Towards Realistic Urban Traffic Experiments Using DFROUTER: Heuristic, Validation and Extensions. Sensors. 17(12):1-29. doi:10.3390/s17122921S129171

Induction of DNA double-strand breaks and cellular senescence by human respiratory syncytial virus

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) accounts for the majority of lower respiratory tract infections during infancy and childhood and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. HRSV provokes a proliferation arrest and characteristic syncytia in cellular systems such as immortalized epithelial cells. We show here that HRSV induces the expression of DNA damage markers and proliferation arrest such as P-TP53, P-ATM, CDKN1A and γH2AFX in cultured cells secondary to the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). The DNA damage foci contained γH2AFX and TP53BP1, indicative of double-strand breaks (DSBs) and could be reversed by antioxidant treatments such as N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) or reduced glutathione ethyl ester (GSHee). The damage observed is associated with the accumulation of senescent cells, displaying a canonical senescent phenotype in both mononuclear cells and syncytia. In addition, we show signs of DNA damage and aging such as γH2AFX and CDKN2A expression in the respiratory epithelia of infected mice long after viral clearance. Altogether, these results show that HRSV triggers a DNA damage-mediated cellular senescence program probably mediated by oxidative stress. The results also suggest that this program might contribute to the physiopathology of the infection, tissue remodeling and aging, and might be associated to long-term consequences of HRSV infections.This work was supported by Grants MPY-1038/14 to Alberto Zambrano, PI 11/00590 to Isidoro Martínez and RD12/0036/0030 to Ana Aranda from FIS (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) and Grant BFU2011-28958, from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad to Ana Aranda. The authors have no conflicting financial interests

La realidad sobre el suicidio un escape de las criticas sociales

Según los estudios de medicina legal arrogados en el año 2013, donde concluirían que los mayores índices de suicidios en Bogotá se habían presentado en jóvenes entre los 17 y los 27 años de edad, permitieron que naciera el interés de investigar si ese problema social representaría una amenaza a nivel patológico en las personas más cercanas del suicida para que a si mismo este tomara la determinación de llegar al suicidarse. Se ha definido que esta investigación será documental de tipo explorativa, teniendo como base la revisión de fuentes bibliográficas y estudios más resientes de diferentes autores sobre la problemática del suicidio y las patologías o conductas suicidas que este problema desencadena y por ultimo indagando material hemerografico, esto teniendo en cuenta que lo que se pretende es indagar acerca de una realidad que pocos han estudiado a través de la revisión de documentos que directa o indirectamente han recapitulado conceptos importantes sobre los factores de riesgo que deja el hecho suicida, es decir abrir una puerta a la adquisición de nuevos conocimientos referentes a la problemática social que están viviendo los jóvenes en Bogotá, para que a futuro nuevas generaciones de psicólogos puedan encontrar en este documento una orientación hacia la creación y aplicación de una prueba que pueda intervenir y prevenir las conductas suicidas que desencadenan este problema social.According to the legal medicine studies added in 2013, where they would conclude that the highest suicide rate in Bogotá had occurred in young people between the ages of 17 and 27, allowed the interest to investigate whether that social problem would represent a Threat at the pathological level in the closest people of the suicide so that he himself will be determined to commit suicide. It has been defined that this research will be an exploratory documentary, based on the review of bibliographic sources and more recent studies by different authors on the problem of suicide and suicidal pathologies or behaviors that this problem triggers and finally investigating hemerographic material, this considering that what is intended is to inquire about a reality that few have studied through the review of documents that directly or indirectly have recapitulated important concepts about the risk factors left by the suicide act, that is to say, open a door to the acquisition of new knowledge regarding the social problems that young people are experiencing in Bogotá, so that in the future new generations of psychologists can find in this document an orientation towards the creation and application of a test that can intervene and prevent suicidal behaviors that trigger this social proble

Alteraciones del pH y temperatura en la canal a causa de factores relacionados al transporte bovino previo al sacrificio

The objective of this research was to elucidate the transport-related factors that influence the pH and temperature of the post-mortem muscle, in the carcass of the slaughtered animals in the Nobol slaughterhouse (GAI) in the province of Guayas, Ecuador. 605 cattle were sampled; the independent variables such as a mixture of categories, types of categories, sex, travel time and bedding type used for transportation were evaluated as possible causes of variations in pH and temperature. It was identified that the temperature of bovines subjected to more than 3 hours of travel and beds based on cane residue generate an increase in body temperature, affecting the quality of the meat and producing pale, soft and exudative meats (PSE); corroborating that transport-related factors are precursors of stress in livestock. Keywords: cows; slaughterhouse; PSE; DFD; mobilityLa presente investigación tuvo como objetivo dilucidar los factores relacionados al transporte que tienen influencia sobre el pH y la temperatura del músculo post mortem, en la canal de los animales faenados en el camal frigorífico Nobol (GAI) de la provincia del Guayas, Ecuador. Se muestrearon 605 bovinos; las variables independientes como mezcla de categorías, tipos de categorías, sexo, tiempo de viaje y tipo de cama usado para el transporte fueron evaluados como posibles causas de variaciones del pH y temperatura. Se identificó que la temperatura de los bovinos sometidos a más de 3 horas de viaje y camas a base de residuo de caña generan una elevación de la temperatura corporal, afectando en la calidad de la carne y produciendo carnes de tipo pálidas, blandas y exudativas (PSE); corroborando que los factores relacionados al transporte son precursores de estrés en los semovientes. Palabras clave: vacas; camal; PSE; DFD; movilida

High-Temperature Oxidation of Superalloy C-263 of Rings for Aircraft Engines

The present investigation was conducted to study the oxidation kinetics of nickel-based superalloy 263, used in the manufacture of rings for aircraft engines. For carrying out this study, we first conducted microstructural characterization of the pieces using the techniques of optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Subsequently, using the thermogravimetric analysis, the kinetic oxidation of the metal was performed in a temperature range between 700 and 1000°C, using atmospheres of O2. The results of the micrographs show the formation of a protective oxide film on the surface of the material in different oxidizing agents. Finally, it was found that the kinetics of high-temperature oxidation of the superalloy C-263 obeys the parabolic rate law

Un subconjunto de autómata celular con comportamiento complejo en dos dimensiones

Modelos matemáticos con la capacidad de soportar comportamiento complejo han sido formulados y análizados a través de la historia de las matemáticas. Nosotros estudiamos un modelo discreto en dos dimensiones conocido como autómata celular. Dentro de estos sistemas dinámicos existen funciones que pueden soportar comportamiento complejo, como el famoso “Juego de la Vida.” En este artículo presentamos un nuevo subconjunto de reglas que soportan partículas y que llamamos Life 2c22. Además calculamos sus mutaciones con la capacidad de soportar comportamientos del tipo reacción-difusión a través de choques entre partículas