Health Insurance Coverage and the Receipt of Emergency Contraception Counseling Among United States Women

Emergency contraception (EC) is effective in preventing pregnancy within 72 hours of unprotected sex, yet due to a lack of counseling many women are unaware that a post-intercourse form of contraception is available. While several factors have been examined regarding a woman’s receipt of EC counseling, there is limited research about the association between health insurance and the receipt of counseling. The purpose of this project was to examine associations between health insurance type and consistency and receipt of EC counseling among women of reproductive age. Data were analyzed using a correlational study design with cross-sectional data from the 2006-2008 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). The NSFG is a nationally representative community survey on the reproductive health of men and women aged 15-44 years. The sample for this study included 7,308 women aged 15-44 years. The primary independent variables for this study were insurance type (public, private, none) and consistency over 12 months. Descriptive statistics examined the prevalence of EC counseling receipt and sample characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between insurance type and consistency and women’s receipt of EC counseling. It was hypothesized that women who had private or Medicaid insurance would be more likely to have received EC counseling than women without insurance as would women with consistent versus inconsistent coverage. The results showed that a woman’s type and consistency of insurance coverage did not have a significant association with her receipt of EC counseling, which contradicts the original research hypothesis. Although health insurance was not associated with a woman’s receipt of EC counseling, only 3% of the sample reported they had received EC counseling in the past 12 months. Interventions are needed to increase EC counseling to enable women to make an educated decision regarding methods of post-intercourse pregnancy prevention.No embarg

Uticaj -hidroksi--metilbutirata (hmb) dodavanog u hranu na imunitet i otpornost na bakterijske infekcije kod smuđa (sander lucioperca)

U ovoj studiji je ispitivan uticaj metabolita leucina β-hidroksi-β-metilbutirata (HMB) na imunitet i zaštitu od enterične bolesti crvenih usta (ERM) i furunkuloze kod smuđa (Sander lucioperca). Ribe su bile hranjene 18 sati dnevno komercijalnom hranom za pastrmke. Hrana je formulisana tako da obezbedi ili 0 (kontrolna grupa) ili 50 mg HBM/kg telesne težine na dan (grupa hranjena sa HBM) tokom 4 nedelje. Posle hranjenja sa HBM 20 zdravih smuđeva prosečne težine 35 g je anestezirano i uzeta je krv iz kaudalne vene u heparizovane špriceve. Takođe je aseptično izdvojen pronefros svake ribe i dobijena suspenzija pojedinačnih ćelija za izolovanje ćelija koristeći ili Gradisol (Polfa) ili Percoll (Pharmacia) gradijent. Test na izazivanje bolesti upotrebom Yersinia ruckeri ili Aeromonas salmonicida je obavljen 4 nedelje posle hranjenja. Ukratko, svakoj od 20 riba svake grupe data je jedna intraperitonealna injekcija 48 sati kulture Y.ruckeri ili A. salmonicida (0,2 ml). Zabeležen je mortalitet, a prisustvo patogena potvrđeno izolacijom iz bubrega. Rezultati ovog ogleda pokazuju da HBM u dozi od 50 mg/kg telesne težine statistički značajno stimuliše nespecifične ćelijske i humoralne odbrambene mehanizme i zaštitu od Yersinia ruckeri i Aeromonas salmonicida

Various aspects of piscine toxicology

In opposition to toxicology of mammals piscine toxicology is closely connected with the conditions of external environment. The aquatic environment is necessary for embryonic development and after hatching during short or long-lasting larval period of most fish species. An aquatic environment is polluted by many industrial and agricultural wastes. Ammonia as a toxic and common compound in water have negative influence for aquaculture especially in intensive fish culture, recirculation system and hatchery facilities. Acute toxicity of ammonia was investigated in carp Cyprinus carpio L. and developmental stages of chub Squalius cephalus L. Changes in the peripheral blood characteristics and hemopoietic tissues of carp occurred after exposition to ammonia in acute tests and 3, 5 and 10 weeks sublethal concetration. The observed increase of the concentration of most amino acids in fish intoxicated with amonia suggests that the process reflects detoxication of ammonia which takes place both in the brain and muscles after 3 weeks of exposition. Phenol intoxication tests induced considerable unfavorable changes in the blood and dystrophic and necrobiotic lesions in tissues of fish leading to dysfunction both hemopoietic and reproductive processes

Cytogenetic and histological studies of the brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), and the Arctic char, S-alpinus (L.) hybrids

Although brook trout and the Arctic char hybrids are able to reproduce, individuals with decreased fertility or even fish that are unable to produce any gametes have been also described. Abnormal gonadal development and disturbances in the gamete production in the char hybrid offspring may be triggered by the odd chromosome number and disturbances in their pairing during meiosis. To verify this hypothesis, cytogenetic examination and the gonadal histology analysis of the brook trout x Arctic char hybrids were carried out. Diploid chromosome number in the studied char (F-1) hybrids varied from 82 to 84 (FN = 99-102). Among 28 hybrids, 12 males, three females, nine intersex individuals and two sterile specimens were described. In the case of two individuals, gonads were not found. Diploid chromosome numbers in the males and intersex individuals varied from 82 to 84. Chromosome numbers in the females were 82 and 83 chromosomes. Two sterile fish exhibited karyotypes composed of 82 and 84 chromosomes. Predominance of the ovarian component in the intersex gonads and gonadal sex ratio distortion towards the males suggested hybrid females had problems with gonadal differentiation. However, the lack of the clear relationship between chromosome number and gonadal development in the studied hybrids did not support our hypothesis that odd chromosome number may be responsible for such reproductive disturbances in the hybrid individuals. We have presumed that sterility and intersexual development of the gonads may be caused by interactions between brook trout and Arctic char genes on the sex chromosomes and autosomes rather than unpairing of the parental chromosomes.Polish National Science Center (NCN) [N N311 525240]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Study of the effects of thermal regime and alternative hormonal treatments on the reproductive performance of European eel males (Anguilla anguilla) during induced sexual maturation

[EN] Since 1960, the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) has suffered a dramatic reduction in natural stocks. Breeding in captivity is considered an alternative, but obtaining high quality sperm seems basic on this regard. The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of three thermal regimes (two of them variable: T10 and T15; and one of them constant: T20) and three hormonal treatments with different hormones (hCG, hCGrec and PSMG) on the induction of maturation in European eel males. In the case of the thermal regimes, our results demonstrated that the onset and progression of spermiation are strongly influenced, and perhaps closely regulated, by water temperature. T20 demonstrated the best results in all the sperm parameters (volume, density, motility, kinetic features, etc.) throughout most weeks of treatment, becoming a reliable and productive method for inducing spermiation in this species. In the case of hormonal treatments, the onset and progression of spermiation in European eel males were influenced by the hormone used. In this respect, hCGrec produced the best results in all the sperm parameters including volume, density, motility, kinetic features, etc., throughout most weeks of treatment, thus becoming an effective alternative treatment to the standard hCG treatment used to induce spermiation in eel species. Moreover, hCGrec gave rise to the best economical profitability, making it possible to obtain good quality sperm samples at a lower price than by using the other two hormonal treatments. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved Guardar / Salir Siguiente >Funded by the European Community's 7th Framework Programme under the Theme 2 "Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, and Biotechnology", grant agreement no. 245257 (PRO-EEL) and Generalitat Valenciana (ACOMP/2012/086). Victor Gallego, Ilaria Mazzeo and M. Carmen Vilchez have predoctoral grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN), Generalitat Valenciana, and UPV PAID Programme (2011-S2-02-6521), respectively. Paulo C.F. Carneiro had post-doc grants from PAC-EMBRAPA and UPV PAID Programme (PAID-02-11). David S. Penaranda was supported by a contract co-financed by MICINN and UPV (PTA2011-4948-I).Gallego Albiach, V.; Mazzeo, I.; Vilchez Olivencia, MC.; Peñaranda, D.; Carneiro, PCF.; Pérez Igualada, LM.; Asturiano Nemesio, JF. (2012). Study of the effects of thermal regime and alternative hormonal treatments on the reproductive performance of European eel males (Anguilla anguilla) during induced sexual maturation. Aquaculture. 354:7-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.04.041S71635

Book Review

Book Review: The La Traviata Affair. By Hilde Roos. pp. xiii + 264. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2018. ISBN 978- 052029989