Unexpected faunistic records of Rhacocleis annulata, Eyprepocnemis plorans, and Xya pfaendleri (Orthoptera) from Croatia and Slovenia

Interesting records of one bush-cricket and two grasshopper species are reported from Croatia and Slovenia. Rhacocleis annulata Fieber, 1853 (Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae) has been reported for the first time from Croatia (Dubrava by Šibenik), as well as for Slovenia (Borovnica SW of Ljubljana); Eyprepocnemis plorans (Charpentier, 1825) (Acrididae: Eyprepocnemidinae) is reported for the first time for Croatia, also from Dubrava; and finally, the Xya pfaendleri Harz, 1970 (Tridactylidae: Tridactylinae) record from Dubrava represents the first record of this species from Dalmatia. Rhacocleis annulata and Eyprepocnemis plorans are known to be spreading through Europe, so these records contribute to the understanding of their dispersal in Southern Europe. Croatian Orthopteran fauna now counts, with two species added, 187 species, while Slovenian Orthopteran fauna now counts, with one species added, 158 species

Intraperitoneal drain placement and outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: international matched, prospective, cohort study

Despite current guidelines, intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery remains widespread. Drains were not associated with earlier detection of intraperitoneal collections, but were associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of surgical-site infections.Background Many surgeons routinely place intraperitoneal drains after elective colorectal surgery. However, enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines recommend against their routine use owing to a lack of clear clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe international variation in intraperitoneal drain placement and the safety of this practice. Methods COMPASS (COMPlicAted intra-abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery) was a prospective, international, cohort study which enrolled consecutive adults undergoing elective colorectal surgery (February to March 2020). The primary outcome was the rate of intraperitoneal drain placement. Secondary outcomes included: rate and time to diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal collections; rate of surgical site infections (SSIs); time to discharge; and 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade at least III). After propensity score matching, multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the independent association of the secondary outcomes with drain placement. Results Overall, 1805 patients from 22 countries were included (798 women, 44.2 per cent; median age 67.0 years). The drain insertion rate was 51.9 per cent (937 patients). After matching, drains were not associated with reduced rates (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 2.23; P = 0.287) or earlier detection (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 0.33 to 2.31; P = 0.780) of collections. Although not associated with worse major postoperative complications (OR 1.09, 0.68 to 1.75; P = 0.709), drains were associated with delayed hospital discharge (HR 0.58, 0.52 to 0.66; P < 0.001) and an increased risk of SSIs (OR 2.47, 1.50 to 4.05; P < 0.001). Conclusion Intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery is not associated with earlier detection of postoperative collections, but prolongs hospital stay and increases SSI risk

Izziv za univerzalno varstvo človekovih pravic

V 55 letih od sprejetja Splošne deklaracije človekovih pravic je mednarodna skupnost na podlagi tega temeljnega dokumenta razvila soliden in razvejan korpus mednarodnih standardov in norm na področju človekovih pravic in humanitarnega prava. Danes je glavni izziv za univerzalno varstvo človekovih pravic v vprašanju, kako zmanjšati razkorak med temi jamstvi in dejanskim spoštovanjem v praksi. Drugi izziv je v izravnavi dobro razvitega normativnega okvira na področju civilnih in političnih pravic z razvojem normativnega okvira za varstvo ekonomskih, socialnih in kulturnih pravic. Avtor poudari, da je korak k dosegu prvega izziva v preverbi obstoječih nadzornih mehanizmov in poudarjanju nacionalnih mehanizmov varovanja človekovih pravic, naravnanih k večji učinkovitosti. Drugi izziv pa bi bilo mogoče izpolniti z nadaljnjim razvojem podobnih nadzornih mehanizmov, še posebej takšnih, ki so odprti za neposredne pritožbe posameznikov.In 55 years since the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights international community has developed a solid corpus of international human rights standards. The main challenges for the universal human rights protection today appear to be: how to close a gap between normative guarantees and human rights protection in practice; and how to counterbalance well developed normative framework in the field of civil and political rights with the framework of economic, social, and cultural rights which lags behind. A step toward meeting first challenge would be to review existing various monitoring mechanisms and put more emphasis on national human rights protection mechanisms in order to achieve greater efficiency. Approach to the second challenge would be to further develop similar monitoring mechanisms, especially individual complaints procedures. However, due to the “war on terrorism”, especially in those states which have contributed greatly to development of human rights norms, the expectations of further positive developments in the field can not be too high

Problem Guantánama – varstvo ustavnih pravic za bodečo žico (II. del)

Vrhovno sodišče Združenih držav Amerike je 28. junija 2004 razglasilo sodbe v treh zadevah o pravicah ujetnikov, povezanih z ameriško »vojno« proti terorizmu, predvsem tistih, ki so zaprti v Guantánamu. V zadevah Rasul v. Bush, Hamdi v. Rumsfeld inRumsfeld v. Padilla je sodišče odločalo o pravici teh ujetnikov do tega, da o zakonitosti odvzema njihove prostosti odloči sodišče. V zadevi Rasul v. Bush je sodišče odločilo, da imajo pritožniki, od katerih noben ni državljan ZDA in ki so vsi zaprti v ameriškem oporišču Guantánamo na Kubi, pravico do spodbijanja zakonitosti odvzema prostosti. Ta pravica temelji na zveznih pravilih o habeas corpus. V zadevi Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, kjer je pritožnik državljan ZDA, je sodišče enako odločilo, le da je poudarilo, da pritožnikova pravica temelji na ustavi. V zadevi Rumsfeld v. Padilla je sodišče menilo, da pritožnik, ki je zaprt v Južni Karolini, ne more spodbijati zakonitosti odvzema prostosti pred sodiščem v New Yorku, temveč pred forumom, ki je krajevno pristojen za Južno Karolino.The Supreme Court of the United States ruled on 28 June 2004 in three cases regarding detainees in connection with American “war” on terrorism, especially those detained in Guantánamo. In cases Rasul v. Bush, Hamdi v. Rumsfeld and Rumsfled v. Padilla, the Court ruled on their right to habeas corpus. In the case of Rasul v. Bush the Court ruled that the petitioners who are not citizens of the US and are detained in the American Naval Base in Guantánamo, Cuba, have right to habeas corpus and that federal habeas corpus statute applies in their case. In the case of Hamdi v. Rumsfeld in which the petitioner is citizen of the US the Court ruled the same, but at the same time it emphasized that the petitioner’s right is based on the Constitution. In the case of Rumsfeld v. Padilla the Court ruled that the petitioner who is detained in South Carolina cannot bring his habeas corpus petition in court in New York, but in the forum which holds territorial jurisdiction over South Carolina

Intraperitoneal drain placement and outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: international matched, prospective, cohort study

Many surgeons routinely place intraperitoneal drains after elective colorectal surgery. However, enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines recommend against their routine use owing to a lack of clear clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe international variation in intraperitoneal drain placement and the safety of this practice