Open source microprocessor and on-chip-bus for system-on-chip

A System-On-Chip (SoC) is a complex integrated circuit that combines blocks of processor, memory and peripheral devices in one chip. SoCs often form the main or the only component of embedded systems. The advantages of the SoC include improvements in performance, size, reliability, power dissipation, cost, and design turn-around time. The hardware blocks – sometimes referred to as intellectual property cores or just IPs – are connected using a proprietary or open on-chip bus (OCB). The SoCs may be fabricated as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The non-recurring engineering (NRE) costs for ASICs are much higher although the unit cost for the finished product is lower. For simpler designs and/or lower production runs, FPGAs are usually more cost-effective. One of the costs in implementing an SoC is acquiring the source code or designing the required cores. An approach for reducing costs is to use open source hardware. Open source cores have the advantages of zero license and royalty cost, ability to modify the cores at will, no limitation on supply and maintenance, portability and simplified prototyping. We discuss our implementation of a skeleton SoC incorporating a DLX processor, the Wishbone on-chip bus, and a memory system. The processor bus- memory combination forms a foundation to which a designer can add more cores such as memory and peripherals as long as they comply with the Wishbone protocol. The DLX processor and memory are described in VHDL, while the Wishbone module is in Verilog HDL. Quartus II software is used to synthesize, compile and verify the functionality of CPU and Wishbone by simulation and timing analysis. The partial SoC system is implemented in Altera APEX20KE200 FPGA board. Nios, which is the core processor in the FPGA board, is used as an intermediate processor which communicates with DLX and the rest of the system via Avalon Bus Protocol to verify system operation and functionality in real hardware environment

Peranan Pengamal Pembangunan Sumber Manusia: Satu Kajian Kes Di Sektor Swasta

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pastiprofil peranan pengamal pembangunan sumber manusia (PSM) serta keperluan kecekapan untuk melaksanakan program PSM di organisasi tempatan. Sebelas orang pengamal PSM di sepuluh buah syarika telektronik telah menjadi responden kajian.Data dikumpulkan melalui temubual terperinci yang dijalankan oleh penyelidik sendiri,berpandukan panduan temuduga yang disediakan.Maklumat temubual ditranskribk a n secara verbatim,kemudian dikategori menggunakan program " Textual Data Categorization" ( TDC 11) dan seterusnya dianalisa cecara induktif bersama catatan lain yang dikumpulkan

Building defect investigation and analysis

Building defects were used to describe imperfections in constructed buildings that can causes inadequacy or failure. This issue may occur due to problems during design stage or construction stage. Building defects not only occur in specific or certain place, but it involves from many different range which are from complex foundation and framing issues to aesthetic issues. The main purpose of this study is identifying types of the building defects, to determine the causes or factors of the building defects and also to analyze appropriate methods and techniques of building maintenance. In this study, the scope will be focusing in Peninsular Malaysia. Questionnaires are distributed to the selected company and also an interview session is conducted with related person on selected company. Data and information are gathered and analyzed using statistical method which is Average Index Percentage using Microsoft Excel. It is found that, twelve (12) defects are identified which are fungus stain and harmful growth, erosion of mortar joint, peeling paint, defective rendering plaster, cracking walls and leaning walls, defective rainwater goods, decayed floorboards, insect or termite attacks, roof defects, dampness penetration through walls, unstable foundations and poor installation of airconditioning units. The factors that cause the defects are climate condition, location of the building, building type and change of use, maintenance approach to the building, building age, support and humidity. There are many methods to maintaining the building. For example, there are six (6) methods for peeling paint defect which are water washing, stream stripping, chemical paint removers, abrasive method, hot air paint stripper and burning off method. To identify those method are very important so that proper maintenance of building can be made and also to avoid defects form repeating

Sayyid Qutb’s Concept of Da’wah in His Fi Zilal al Quran

This research aims to describe concept and method of da’wah in Sayyid Qutb’s perspective specially in his work on tafsir, Fi Zilal al-Qur'an. The research was conducted by exploring the concept of da’wah theoretically and its implications in dealing with contemporary problem of da’wah. This study employs qualitative approach with content analysis technique and library study method. The result shows that according to Sayyid Qutb understanding, Da’wah is an effort of the believers to realize the Islamic teaching in daily life. Also, da’wah is interpreted as a believer's effort to strengthen Allah SWT's teachings in human life. Sayyid Qutb’s Da’wah method is based on the interpretation of normative sources and historical facts that refer to efforts to preach based on human nature through tenderness, compassion, and good morals. This kind of da’wah conception has impact at the individual, family, community, and community levels in achieving happiness in this world and the hereafter.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan konsep metode dakwah Sayyid Qutb dalam tafsir fī Zilāl al-Qur’an. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggali konsep dakwah secara teoritik dan implikasinya dalam menjawab problematika dakwah kontemporer. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sayyid Qutb memahami dakwah sebagai usaha orang beriman untuk mewujudkan sistem ajaran Islam dalam kehidupan. Selain itu, dakwah dimaknai sebagai usaha orang beriman untuk mengokohkan ajaran Allah Swt dalam kehidupan. Metode dakwahnya didasarkan pada penafsiran terhadap sumber normatif dan fakta historis yang merujuk pada fitrah manusia melalui kelembutan, kasih sayang dan akhlakul karimah. Implikasi praktis dakwah Islam berlangsung baik pada level individu, keluarga, masyarakat dan umat untuk mencapai kebahagiaan di dunia dan akhirat

Pengurusan Pembekalan Air Negeri Perlis

This study represents an acempt to forecast the water demand the domestic sector for the state of Perlis until the year 2010 in order to assure that the water resources are available to satisfy the demand requirement. The domestic demand for water of this study was forecasted using the IWR-MAIN (Institute for Water Resources-Municipal and Industrial Needs) software, established computerized forecasting system. The explanatory variables that were considered in this study were housing units, population, household income and land uses, all of which were factors influence the water demand. The change in the water demand forecast is explained by the change in the selected explanatory variables as well as the shange in counting units. The fluctuation of the water demand from January 2003 until December 2.010 was analyzed so as to identify the water demand pattern in the state Perlis. This study also attempts to identify the problems associated with water supply management state of Perlis through data manipulations and interviews with the relevant authorities in the water supply management of the state

Developing Green Lost Circulation Material (LCM) Derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB)

This report concerns on investigation on lost circulation materials (LCM) derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB). This project mainly aims to study the effectiveness of using oil palm EFB as LCM additives to prevent the lost circulation problem. The paper discusses the literature review of the lost circulation problems, the lost circulation materials and the characterization of the parameters of drilling fluid. It also confers the methodologies for LCM to resolve severe lost circulation problems and designing the mud samples, the mud densities, the rheological tests and the filtration performance volume tests. Tests have been conducted in accordance with the API 13 B and the related equipments were mixer, mud balance, viscometer and low pressure low temperature (LPL T) filter press. Properties measured through this experiment are density, plastic viscosity, yield point, 10-second and 1 0-minute gel strength and filtration rate. Considering the fact that lost circulation is one of the most serious and expensive problems facing the drilling industry, lost circulation materials should be low-cost waste products, and in this case it is the oil palm EFB. Since the oil palm EFB is high in fiber, it has a very good potential to be a good fibrous LCM. Overall, addition of 5 lb/bbl of any of the LCM additives generally improved the filtration properties; however the extent of the improvement depended on the additive material and size distribution of the additive. Nevertheless, increasing the LCM additives concentration from 5 lb/bbl and 10 lb/bbl had adversely affected and increased the amount of total filtrate volume. The optimum concentration of LCM for minimum fluid loss was found to be at 8 lb/bbl

Copyright protection of foreign works in Malaysia / Zuraida Mohd Zabidi

Malaysia did not have a comprehensive legislation on copyright until 1969. The legislation relating to the copyright in the Malay states comprised the Federated Malay States Copyright Enactment 1935. The United Kingdom Copyright Act 1911 applied as extended to the Straits Settlements and the United Kingdom Copyright Act 1956 as extended, to the states of Sabah and Sarawak. While in the former Unfederated Malay States, there was no copyright law in operation. The committee responsible for preparing the Copyright Bill 1969 (as it was then called) based its work mainly on several laws, taking as its model the Nigerian Copyright Bill which was specially drawn up for a developing country. The committee also made use of materials, study papers and working papers that were presented at the Asian Seminar On Copyright held in New Delhi in January, 1967 and the protocol for developing countries introduced at the Revision Conference of the Berne Convention held in Stockholm in June 19678 . The Malaysian law in respect of copyright underwent a revision and consolidation which provide a uniform copyright law for the whole of Malaysia. The Copyright Bill 1969 as it was then called, was also intended to be an improvement on the proposed Copyright Bill of 1967 which was published in the government gazette of June 1967. Copyright now subsists by virtue of this Act only

Modelling of Polymer Melt During Injection Moulding: Influence of Injection Pressure

A polymer, polyethylene (PE) is going through injection moulding process with different sets of injection pressure. the samples produced by this experimental work shows different results of flash, warpage and shrinkage visually. another part of the project is the application of computer software. The actual dimensions of the dog-bone shaped sample is modelled by using SolidWorks and it is then simulated by using SimpoeWorks