ISTIKHDAM AL-DHAKAʼ AL-AṢṬNAI FI TAʻLIM AL-ʻ'ARABIYAH: IJABIYATUHU WA SALBIYYATIHI [THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN TEACHING ARABIC: PROS AND CONS]

ملخص يشهد التَّعليم في مـختلف مجالاته تطوّراتٌ هائلة وتحوُّلاتٌ كبيرةٌ في العصر الحديث نتيجة قدُوم  الذكاء الاصطناعي (Artificial Intelligence – AI) الذي يعدّ من الابتكارات التكنولوجية البارزَة، بما في ذلك تعليم اللغات وآدابها. ويعتبر تعليم العربية واحدًا من المجالات التي استفادت بشكل ملحوظ من تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي حيث توفّر هذه التقنيات أدوات مبتكرة لتحسِين جودَة التعلّم والتعليم، سواء بالنسبة للناطقين بالعربية أو للمتعلّمين الجدد، ومع ذلك، فإنّ استخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي في هذا المجال ينطوي على إيجابيَّــات وسلبيَّــات تستدعي الدراسة ولفت الانتباه إليها.         هذا، وتتضمّن هذه الورقة على ثلاثة محاور بالإضافة إلى الخاتمة، تناول المحور الأوَّل منه مفهوم الذكاء الاصطناعي وتحديد معناه الاصطلاحي والتقني والحديث عن تاريخ نشأته وتطوّره. وتمّ مناقشة الجوانب الإيجابية وفوائد الذكاء الاصطناعي في تعليم اللغة العربية في المحور الثاني، وزكّز المحور الثالث والأخير على السلبيّات والمخاطر المحتملة لاستخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي في تعليم العربية، وتأتي في الخاتمة خلاصة النتائج التي توصّل إليها البحث.         وسار هذا البحث على وفق المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وهو منهج "يقوم على أساس الوصف المنظّم للحقائق والخصائص المتعلّقة بظاهرة أو مشكلةٍ محدَّدةٍ بشكلٍ عمليٍّ ودقيقٍ"، وهو من أهمّ المناهج المستخدمَة في البحث العلمي لمرونتها في التطبيق والتعامل مع البيانات الواقعية. الكلمات المفتاحية: الذكاء الاصطناعي، تعليم العربيَّة، الإيجابيَّــات، السلبيَّـات.Education in its various fields is witnessing tremendous developments and significant transformations in the modern era due to the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI), one of the most prominent technological innovations. This includes the field of language and its related disciplines. Arabic language, has benefited remarkably from AI technologies, which provide innovative tools to enhance the quality of learning and teaching, whether for native speakers or new learners. However, the use of AI in this field presents both advantages and challenges that require careful study and consideration. This paper is structured into three main sections, in addition to the conclusion. The first section explores the concept of Artificial Intelligence, defining its terminological and technical meanings while discussing its origins and development. The second section examines the positive aspects and benefits of AI in teaching and learning Arabic language, while the third and last section focuses on the potential drawbacks and risks associated with its use in this context. The conclusion presents a summary of the research findings. This study follows the descriptive-analytical methodology, which is based on a systematic description of facts and characteristics related to a specific phenomenon or issue in a practical and precise manner. This methodology is considered one of the most important approaches in scientific research due to its flexibility in application and its effectiveness in handling real-world data

STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE AND MODERATION VALUES AT NUSA PUTRA UNIVERSITY

This study examines students' views on religious tolerance on campus, using a quantitative descriptive survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 108 students from various faculties on campus. The survey was designed to measure students' understanding, attitudes, and support for religious tolerance, campus policies related to tolerance, and their willingness to learn about other religions. The survey results indicate that the majority of students view religious tolerance as an essential element in strengthening relationships among students, creating campus harmony, and preventing intolerance. Students also support campus policies promoting religious tolerance and consider religious diversity an important asset for campus life. Furthermore, students demonstrate readiness to learn about other religions and support interfaith dialogue as a means to deepen understanding and appreciate differences. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing religious tolerance principles in an inclusive campus life

TAHAP KESEDARAN BERWAKAF WANG TUNAI DALAM KALANGAN PENJAWAT AWAM DI NEGERI TERENGGANU [AWARENESS LEVEL OF CASH WAQF AMONG PUBLIC SERVANTS IN TERENGGANU STATE]

Wakaf tunai merupakan suatu tuntutan sunnah dalam pensyariatan Islam. Dari sudut tadbir urus, Majlis Agama Islam Dan Adat Melayu Terengganu (MAIDAM) mempunyai peranan utama terhadap pengurusan wakaf tunai di Terengganu. Namun demikian, permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh MAIDAM ialah hasil kutipan dana wakaf tunai tidak begitu signifikan. Justeru, objektif kajian ini akan mengkaji tahap kefahaman wakaf tunai dalam kalangan penjawat awam. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kajian kuantitatif yang melibatkan para responden seramai 248 orang kakitangan awam di Terengganu. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis mengikut Statistical Process for the Social Sciences (SPSS), tiga bentuk ujian dilaksanakan iaitu ujian deskriptif, infrensi dan kolerasi Pearson. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini mendapati bahawa tahap pengetahuan tentang wakaf wang tunai mempunyai tiga tahap iaitu rendah, sederhana dan tinggi. Tiga tahap ini dijadikan sebagai panduan kepada pihak MAIDAM untuk bertindak bagi mempertingkatkan lagi kutipan wakaf tunai pada masa akan datang. Cash waqf is a sunnah requirement in Islamic law. From a governance point of view, the Terengganu Islamic Religious and Malay Customs Council (MAIDAM) has an important role in the management of cash waqf in Terengganu. There is a problem regarding the position of cash waqf which is that the contribution is still at a low level. The objective of this study will examine the level of understanding of cash waqf among civil servants. This study uses a quantitative research method involving the respondents of 248 civil servants in Terengganu. The data obtained was analyzed according to the Statistical Process for the Social Sciences (SPSS), three forms of tests were carried out, namely descriptive, inference and Pearson correlation tests. Overall, this study found that the level of knowledge about cash waqf has three levels: low, medium and high. These three stages are used as a guide for MAIDAM to act to improve cash waqf collection in the future further

PERSEPSI PELAJAR TERHADAP KEPENTINGAN TATABAHASA ARAB DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAHIRAN MEMBACA DI UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS: [STUDENT’S PERCEPTIONS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF ARABIC GRAMMAR TO INCREASE READING SKILLS AT SULTAN IDRIS EDUCATION UNIVERSITY]

Tatabahasa Arab adalah salah satu cabang linguistik bahasa Arab yang perlu dipelajari oleh pelajar khususnya yang mengambil bidang pengkhususan bahasa Arab di peringkat pengajian tinggi. Ia merupakan aspek yang penting yang perlu dikuasai oleh pelajar dalam menguasai kemahiran-kemahiran berbahasa terutamanya bagi kemahiran membaca. Melalui penguasaan tatabahasa Arab, pelajar mampu untuk mengenal pasti bentuk ayat yang terdapat di dalam teks bahasa Arab sekali gus membantu pelajar untuk menentukan kaedah bacaan yang betul bagi bentuk ayat tersebut. Terdapat isu berkaitan penguasaan tatabahasa Arab dalam kalangan pelajar yang mendorong kepada permasalahan dalam kemahiran membaca teks bahasa Arab. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti persepsi pelajar tentang kepentingan tatabahasa Arab dalam meningkatkan kemahiran membaca. Kajian ini berbentuk kuantitatif menggunakan instrumen soal selidik bagi memperoleh persepsi pelajar berkaitan isu kajian ini. Seramai 140 orang mahasiswa dan mahasiswi daripada program pengajian Ijazah Sarjana Muda bahasa Arab dengan Pendidikan dari Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris telah dipilih sebagai responden kajian ini. Berdasarkan analisis deskriptif, nilai min tertinggi iaitu 4.69 pada item pertama iaitu “Tatabahasa Arab membantu saya mengenal pasti fungsi perkataan di dalam teks yang dibaca” menunjukkan peranan tatabahasa adalah signifikan dalam meningkatkan kemahiran membaca teks Bahasa Arab. Arabic grammar is one branch of Arabic linguistics that needs to be studied by students, especially those specializing in Arabic at the higher education level. It is an important aspect that students need to master to acquire language skills, especially reading skills. Through the mastery of Arabic grammar, students can identify the sentence structures found in Arabic texts, thereby helping them determine the correct reading methods for those sentence structures. Issues related to the mastery of Arabic grammar among students have emerged, leading to problems in reading skills of Arabic texts. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify students’ perceptions of the importance of Arabic grammar in reading skills. This study is quantitative in nature, using a questionnaire instrument to obtain student’s perceptions regarding this research issue. A total of 140 students from the Bachelor of Arabic Language with Education program at Sultan Idris Education University were selected as respondents for this study. Based on the descriptive analysis, the highest mean value of 4.69 on the first item which is “Arabic grammar helps me identify the function of words in the text being read” indicates the significant role of grammar in increasing reading skills for Arabic texts

EERMAILI AS LIVING ISLAM: RITUAL PRACTICE AND RELIGIOUS TRANSMISSION AMONG THE HUI MUSLIMS IN CHINA

This article examines Hui Ermaili as a form of “living Islam”—a ritual practice that integrates theological intentionality, communal devotion, and embodied transmission of Islamic knowledge within China’s minority Hui Muslim context. Ermaili, derived from the Arabic term ʿamal (righteous deed), encompasses Qur’anic recitation, prophetic eulogy chanting, supplication, charity, sermons, and communal meals. Far from being a syncretic or folkloric tradition, Ermaili is framed here as daʿwah bi’l-ḥāl: a performative invitation to Islam through lived example rather than verbal preaching. Drawing on Talal Asad's concept of discursive tradition and Catherine Bell's theory of ritualisation, the study interprets Ermaili because of religious agency through which Islamic knowledge and values are transmitted across generations, Islamic faith is strengthened, and communal solidarity is reinforced. Methodologically, the research combines insider ethnography with textual analysis and comparative ritual studies. The author approaches the topic as both researcher and participant-observer, drawing on experience as a Hui Muslim raised within the Ermaili tradition. The article challenges reductionist readings that treat Ermaili as cultural adaptation, arguing instead for its theological authenticity through examination of Sufi genealogies and scriptural foundations. Despite reformist critiques from movements like Yihewani that view certain Ermaili practices as bidʿah (innovation), the study demonstrates Ermaili's persistence as authentic Islamic devotion. By foregrounding Ermaili’s pedagogical, ethical, and spiritual dimensions, the study contributes to broader discussions in the anthropology of Islam, minority daʿwah, and ritual theory. It affirms Ermaili as a vital expression of living Islam – where belief is enacted, theology embodied, and religious agency cultivated in everyday life

DAWR SIYASAT AL-DAWLAH AL-SHARʻIYAH FI DABT TAWAZUN AL-SUQ AL-ʻUMANI: TAHLIL TATBIQI (2019–2024) [THE ROLE OF LEGITIMATE STATE POLICIES IN MARKET STABILIZATION: AN APPLIED ANALYSIS OF OMAN (2019–2024)

Abstract This paper examines the role of legitimate state policies in regulating and stabilizing the Omani market through an applied and analytical study spanning the years 2019 to 2024. It investigates how Sharia-based intervention tools influence the equilibrium of supply and demand in the goods and services market, highlighting their contribution to mitigating economic disparities and enhancing market efficiency. The study evaluates the limitations of conventional economic mechanisms, especially during periods of global disruption, and argues for a policy framework rooted in justice, planning, and productive stimulation. Through a descriptive-analytical approach, the research integrates quantitative data from structured questionnaires with qualitative insights drawn from expert interviews. Six critical policy dimensions are explored: economic planning, combating underdevelopment, economic development, distributive justice, production enhancement, and pricing with anti-monopoly safeguards. The results demonstrate a statistically significant impact of these policies on market balance, with notable variations across institutional affiliations but limited influence from educational background or experience. The study concludes that a well-designed and justly implemented intervention policy—grounded in Sharia principles—can significantly strengthen national market stability, ensure fair access to resources, and promote sustainable economic resilience in Oman.  Keywords: Sharia-based state policy, market regulation, economic equilibrium, Oman, goods and services market.This paper examines the role of legitimate state policies in regulating and stabilizing the Omani market through an applied and analytical study spanning the years 2019 to 2024. It investigates how Sharia-based intervention tools influence the equilibrium of supply and demand in the goods and services market, highlighting their contribution to mitigating economic disparities and enhancing market efficiency. The study evaluates the limitations of conventional economic mechanisms, especially during periods of global disruption, and argues for a policy framework rooted in justice, planning, and productive stimulation. Through a descriptive-analytical approach, the research integrates quantitative data from structured questionnaires with qualitative insights drawn from expert interviews. Six critical policy dimensions are explored: economic planning, combating underdevelopment, economic development, distributive justice, production enhancement, and pricing with anti-monopoly safeguards. The results demonstrate a statistically significant impact of these policies on market balance, with notable variations across institutional affiliations but limited influence from educational background or experience. The study concludes that a well-designed and justly implemented intervention policy—grounded in Sharia principles—can significantly strengthen national market stability, ensure fair access to resources, and promote sustainable economic resilience in Oman

THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY AND AWARENESS ON THE TAKAFUL ACCEPTANCE AMONG NON-MUSLIM STUDENTS IN PRIVATE UNIVERSITY IN MALAYSIA

The Takaful industry has experienced significant growth in recent years, emerging as a strong competitor to conventional insurance. Its introduction in Malaysia initially captured the attention of individuals seeking protection. Takaful, as an Islamic alternative to conventional insurance, gained popularity as it aligned with Shariah principles. This concept of universal protection through Takaful schemes appealed to a broader audience, resulting in a substantial increase in demand from 2014 to 2024, particularly among Muslims who prioritize financial products that adhere to Islamic rules. In Malaysia, where most of the population is Muslim, takaful products are commonly marketed to Muslims. However, these products are also available to non-Muslims, and they have gained popularity among this demographic. Thus, it's important to note that this study aims to explore how non-Muslims perceive Takaful in comparison to conventional insurance. Several factors may contribute to this demand among non-Muslims, with religion being less of a driving factor. Instead, the study focuses on financial literacy and awareness as potential factors influencing the preference for Takaful products among non-Muslims. This paper employs a quantitative approach to comprehensively analyse existing literature on the topic, ultimately concluding on the key factors influencing the acceptance of Takaful among non-Muslims. In addition, it offers readers valuable insights by presenting a robust theoretical framework. The findings indicate that financial literacy components such as financial knowledge, financial attitude, and financial behavior play a role in influencing Takaful acceptance, although their impact varies in strength

TAHAP LITERASI JAWI DALAM KALANGAN GURU PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI SEKOLAH RENDAH NEGERI SABAH [THE LEVEL OF JAWI LITERACY AMONG ISLAMIC EDUCATION TEACHERS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN SABAH]

Tulisan Jawi merupakan warisan budaya dan identiti masyarakat Melayu-Islam yang berkait rapat dengan ajaran Islam. Ia memainkan peranan penting dalam pendidikan Islam, terutamanya dalam membantu pelajar memahami al-Quran dan nilai-nilai Islam. Walau bagaimanapun, tahap literasi Jawi dalam kalangan Guru Pendidikan Islam (GPI) di sekolah rendah di Sabah masih menjadi persoalan, terutamanya dalam aspek penguasaan ejaan, pemahaman hukum Jawi, dan penerapan dalam pengajaran. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai tahap literasi Jawi dalam kalangan GPI serta mengenal pasti cabaran utama yang dihadapi dalam pengajaran tulisan Jawi. Ujian bertulis yang terdiri daripada dua bahagian telah digunakan sebagai instrumen kajian, melibatkan 343 orang GPI. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap literasi Jawi dalam kalangan GPI berada pada tahap sederhana, dengan kelemahan utama dalam mengenal huruf tambahan, menulis ayat yang lebih kompleks, dan mengaplikasikan kaedah pengajaran yang berkesan. Selain itu, cabaran lain termasuk kekurangan bahan bantu mengajar yang inovatif dan kurangnya latihan profesional yang berfokus kepada pengajaran Jawi. Kajian ini mencadangkan pendekatan pengajaran yang lebih inovatif, termasuk penggunaan teknologi, alat bantu mengajar yang interaktif, dan latihan profesional yang berterusan untuk meningkatkan literasi Jawi dalam kalangan GPI. Dengan memperkukuhkan literasi Jawi, ia bukan sahaja dapat memartabatkan tulisan Jawi sebagai warisan budaya tetapi juga menyokong usaha memperkukuhkan pendidikan Islam di Malaysia. Jawi script is a cultural heritage and an identity of the Malay-Muslim community that is closely linked to Islamic teachings. It plays a significant role in Islamic education, particularly in assisting students to understand the Quran and Islamic values. However, the level of Jawi literacy among Islamic Education Teachers (IET) in primary schools in Sabah remains a concern, especially in terms of spelling proficiency, understanding Jawi rules, and its application in teaching. This study aims to assess the level of Jawi literacy among IET and to identify the main challenges faced in teaching Jawi script. A written test consisting of two sections was used as the research instrument, involving 343 IET participants. The findings revealed that the level of Jawi literacy among IET is at a moderate level, with major weaknesses in recognizing additional letters, writing more complex sentences, and applying effective teaching methods. Furthermore, other challenges include the lack of innovative teaching aids and insufficient professional training focused on Jawi instruction. This study suggests more innovative teaching approaches, including the use of technology, interactive teaching aids, and continuous professional training to enhance Jawi literacy among IET. Strengthening Jawi literacy not only preserves Jawi script as a cultural heritage but also supports efforts to reinforce Islamic education in Malaysia

PELAKSANAAN MAWQUF ALAIH DAN AGIHAN MANFAAT WAKAF DI MAJLIS AGAMA ISLAM DAN ADAT MELAYU TERENGGANU [IMPLEMENTATION OF MAWQUF ALAIH AND DISTRIBUTIONS OF WAQF BENEFITS AT THE TERENGGANU ISLAMIC RELIGION AND COUNCIL MALAY CUSTOM]

Keyakinan para masyarakat terhadap aspek tadbir urus wakaf amat penting dinilai oleh pihak Majlis Agama Islam Negeri (MAIN) kerana mereka berpeluang menjadi sebagai waqif atau pewakaf. Sebagai waqif, mereka mempunyai hak dalam menentukan bentuk mawquf alaih selari dengan kehendak perundangan iaitu Enakmen Wakaf Terengganu 2016. Beberapa kajian lepas membuktikan bahawa kefahaman masyarakat tentang kedudukan mawquf alaih masih tertumpu kepada skop yang lebih kecil iaitu berkisar kepada wakaf tradisional seperti tapak masjid, surau dan perkuburan Islam. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini akan menerokai kedudukan mawquf alaih serta agihan manfaat wakaf di Terengganu di bawah pentadbiran Majlis Agama Islam Dan Adat Melayu Terengganu (MAIDAM). Kajian kualitatif ini dijalankan dengan menemubual salah seorang kakitangan wakaf di MAIDAM bagi memperoleh data-data yang tepat mengenai kajian tentang mawquf alaih dan agihan manfaat. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis melalui kaedah analisis kandungan ‘content analysis’. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa masih ramai masyarakat di Terengganu berwakaf khususnya tanah-tanah mereka diwakafkan bagi maksud mawquf alaih dalam bentuk keagamaan, manakala agihan manfaat pula banyak digunakan dalam sektor pendidikan. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini mencadangkan agar pihak yang mengurus wakaf iaitu MAIDAM perlu mempertingkatkan lagi kesedaran para masyarakat tentang kedudukan mawquf alaih dan juga memperluaskan agihan dana manfaat wakaf selari dengan keperluan semasa. The community's confidence in waqf governance is critical to be assessed by the State Islamic Religious Council (MAIN) because they are waqifs or endowments. Waqifs have the right to determine the form of mawquf alaih in line with the requirements of the law, which is the Terengganu Waqf Enactment 2016. Several past studies prove that the public's understanding of the position of mawquf alaih is still focused on a smaller scope, which revolves around traditional waqfs such as mosque sites, surau’s and Islamic cemeteries. Accordingly, this study will explore the position of mawquf alaih and the distribution of waqf benefits in Terengganu under the administration of the Terengganu Council of Islamic Religion and Malay Customs (MAIDAM). This qualitative study was conducted by interviewing one of the waqf staff at MAIDAM to obtain accurate data on the study of mawquf alaih and the distribution of benefits. The data obtained is analyzed through the method of content analysis. This study found that there are still many people in Terengganu who have waqf, especially their lands, which are used as mawquf alaih in religious form, while the benefits are widely used in the education sector. Accordingly, this study suggests that the party that manages waqf, namely MAIDAM, needs to increase awareness to ensure that about mawquf alaih and at the same time, MAIDAM also increases the distribution of waqf benefits in line with the same needs

PENGALAMAN LATIHAN PRAKTIKUM DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KECEKAPAN GURU NOVIS [PRACTICAL TRAINING EXPERIENCE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR NOVICE TEACHER COMPETENCY]

Latihan praktikum merupakan komponen penting dalam program latihan perguruan, di mana ia menyediakan peluang kepada guru pelatih untuk mengeksplorasi realiti dunia pendidikan. Kajian ini bertujuan meneroka pengalaman guru novis semasa menjalani praktikum dan menganalisis impaknya terhadap kecekapan mereka sebagai seorang guru. Reka bentuk yang digunakan oleh penyelidik dalam melaksanakan kajian ini adalah reka bentuk kajian kes, di mana data diperoleh melalui sesi temu bual separa berstruktur melibatkan 10 orang guru novis yang dipilih menggunakan kaedah  pensampelan bertujuan. Analisis tematik dengan menggunakan perisian ATLAS.ti menunjukkan bahawa guru novis menghadapi pelbagai cabaran ketika menjalani latihan praktikum seperti pengurusan kelas, perancangan pengajaran dan penyesuaian teori kepada amali. Sebagai respons kepada cabaran yang dihadapi ini, guru novis mengambil pelbagai langkah proaktif, termasuk mendapatkan bimbingan daripada guru pembimbing, menyesuaikan strategi pengajaran serta meningkatkan kecekapan dalam pengurusan masa. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengalaman praktikum membantu meningkatkan kecekapan profesionalisme guru seperti kemahiran pedagogi, pengurusan emosi, penggunaan teknologi dan refleksi kendiri, sekaligus memainkan peranan dalam membentuk identiti profesional guru novis. Kajian ini memberikan panduan kepada institusi pendidikan untuk meningkatkan keberkesanan program praktikum dalam latihan guru. Di samping itu, kajian lanjut turut disarankan untuk dijalankan dengan menggunakan pendekatan longitudinal bagi menilai impak jangka panjang latihan praktikum terhadap kecekapan guru. The practicum is an essential component of teacher training programs, providing teacher trainees with the opportunity to explore the realities of the education world. This study aims to explore the experiences of novice teachers during their practicum and analyze its impact on their competence as educators. The research design employed by the researcher is a case study design, where data was collected through semi-structured interviews involving 10 novice teachers selected using purposive sampling. Thematic analysis using ATLAS.ti software shows that novice teachers face various challenges during their practicum, such as classroom management, lesson planning, and adapting theory to practice. In response to these challenges, novice teachers took proactive steps, including seeking guidance from mentor teachers, adjusting teaching strategies, and improving time management skills. The study's findings indicate that the practicum experience helps enhance professional competence in areas such as pedagogical skills, emotional management, use of technology, and self-reflection, playing a significant role in shaping the professional identity of novice teachers. This study provides guidelines for educational institutions to improve the effectiveness of practicum programs in teacher training. Furthermore, further studies are recommended using a longitudinal approach to assess the long-term impact of the practicum on teacher competence