172 research outputs found
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A possibility of influence factors on winter physical damage of grapevines in a snowy vineyard
Hokkaido in northern Japan is a typical subpolar region and wine production using traditional cultivars can be done recently. However, there is an issue that the grapevines have short life spans in snowy central Hokkaido. This study investigates the effect of snow itself and its interaction with vineyard slope and grapevine stiffness on physical stress. In comparison of the flatness of the vineyard, the distortion of the basal trunk in the slope zone was greater than in the flat zones in the snowy mid-season. In comparison between cultivars, the distortion of the basal trunk in the flexible 'Kerner' was greater than in rigid 'GewÃŒrztraminer', even in the flat zones. The magnitude of the distortion coincides with the mortality of grapevines. Although the changes in distortion showed a transition in just two winter durations, these results suggested a possibility that the snow cover might be linked to one of the physical damages of grapevines in vineyards in heavy snowy regions
A New Insight into the Development of Novel Anti-Cancer Drugs that Improve the Expression of Mitochondrial Function-Associated Genes
Recent analyses of the whole genome sequencing data enable us to predict cancer incidence for healthy people at present. In addition, metabolome analyses rediscovered that âcancer is a metabolic diseaseâ. Importantly, it has been suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction might precede the metabolic change. In this chapter, we would discuss if âcancer is a transcriptional diseaseâ. Analyzing 5â²-upstream non-protein-encoding regions of the human mitochondrial function-associated genes, we speculate that mitochondrial functions could be recovered or improved at a transcriptional level. In the near future, novel chemo-/gene-therapies might be applied to treat cancer patient converting cancerous cells into normal differentiated cells
SenStick: Comprehensive Sensing Platform with an Ultra Tiny All-In-One Sensor Board for IoT Research
We propose a comprehensive sensing platform called SenStick, which is composed of hardware (ultra tiny all-in-one sensor board), software (iOS, Android, and PC), and 3D case data. The platform aims to allow all the researchers to start IoT research, such as activity recognition and context estimation, easily and efficiently. The most important contribution is the hardware that we have designed. Various sensors often used for research are embedded in an ultra tiny board with the size of 50âmm (W) Ã 10âmm (H) Ã 5âmm (D) and weight around 3âg including a battery. Concretely, the following sensors are embedded on this board: acceleration, gyro, magnetic, light, UV, temperature, humidity, and pressure. In addition, this board has BLE (Bluetooth low energy) connectivity and capability of a rechargeable battery. By using 110âmAh battery, it can run more than 15 hours. The most different point from other similar boards is that our board has a large flash memory for logging all the data without a smartphone. By using SenStick, all the users can collect various data easily and focus on IoT data analytics. In this paper, we introduce SenStick platform and some case studies. Through the user study, we confirmed the usefulness of our proposed platform
Insights on the Sun birth environment in the context of star-cluster formation in hub-filament systems
Cylindrical molecular filaments are observed to be the main sites of Sun-like
star formation, while massive stars form in dense hubs, at the junction of
multiple filaments. The role of hub-filament configurations has not been
discussed yet in relation to the birth environment of the solar system and to
infer the origin of isotopic ratios of Short-Lived Radionuclides (SLR, such as
Al) of Calcium-Aluminum-rich Inclusions (CAIs) observed in meteorites.
In this work, we present simple analytical estimates of the impact of stellar
feedback on the young solar system forming along a filament of a hub-filament
system. We find that the host filament can shield the young solar system from
the stellar feedback, both during the formation and evolution of stars (stellar
outflow, wind, and radiation) and at the end of their life (supernovae). We
show that the young solar system formed along a dense filament can be enriched
with supernova ejecta (e.g., Al) during the formation timescale of CAIs.
We also propose that the streamers recently observed around protostars may be
channeling the SLR-rich material onto the young solar system. We conclude that
considering hub-filament configurations as the birth environment of the Sun is
important when deriving theoretical models explaining the observed properties
of the solar system.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letter
RhoD Inhibits RhoC-ROCK-Dependent Cell Contraction via PAK6.
RhoA-mediated regulation of myosin-II activity in the actin cortex controls the ability of cells to contract and bleb during a variety of cellular processes, including cell migration and division. Cell contraction and blebbing also frequently occur as part of the cytopathic effect seen during many different viral infections. We now demonstrate that the vaccinia virus protein F11, which localizes to the plasma membrane, is required for ROCK-mediated cell contraction from 2Â hr post infection. Curiously, F11-induced cell contraction is dependent on RhoC and not RhoA signaling to ROCK. Moreover, RhoC-driven cell contraction depends on the upstream inhibition of RhoD signaling by F11. This inhibition prevents RhoD from regulating its downstream effector Pak6, alleviating the suppression of RhoC by the kinase. Our observations with vaccinia have now demonstrated that RhoD recruits Pak6 to the plasma membrane to antagonize RhoC signaling during cell contraction and blebbing
The CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex controls Atg7-dependent cell death and heart function
Shortening and removal of the polyadenylate [poly(A)] tail of mRNA, a process called deadenylation, is a key step in mRNA decay that is mediated through the CCR4-NOT (carbon catabolite repression 4-negative on TATA-less) complex. In our investigation of the regulation of mRNA deadenylation in the heart, we found that this complex was required to prevent cell death. Conditional deletion of the CCR4-NOT complex components Cnot1 or Cnot3 resulted in the formation of autophagic vacuoles and cardiomyocyte death, leading to lethal heart failure accompanied by long QT intervals. Cnot3 bound to and shortened the poly(A) tail of the mRNA encoding the key autophagy regulator Atg7. In Cnot3-depleted hearts, Atg7 expression was posttranscriptionally increased. Genetic ablation of Atg7, but not Atg5, increased survival and partially restored cardiac function of Cnot1 or Cnot3 knockout mice. We further showed that in Cnot3-depleted hearts, Atg7 interacted with p53 and modulated p53 activity to induce the expression of genes encoding cell death-promoting factors in cardiomyocytes, indicating that defects in deadenylation in the heart aberrantly activated Atg7 and p53 to promote cell death. Thus, mRNA deadenylation mediated by the CCR4-NOT complex is crucial to prevent Atg7-induced cell death and heart failure, suggesting a role for mRNA deadenylation in targeting autophagy genes to maintain normal cardiac homeostasis
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