Semantic Management of Location-Based Services in Wireless Environments

En los últimos años el interés por la computación móvil ha crecido debido al incesante uso de dispositivos móviles (por ejemplo, smartphones y tablets) y su ubicuidad. El bajo coste de dichos dispositivos unido al gran número de sensores y mecanismos de comunicación que equipan, hace posible el desarrollo de sistemas de información útiles para sus usuarios. Utilizando un cierto tipo especial de sensores, los mecanismos de posicionamiento, es posible desarrollar Servicios Basados en la Localización (Location-Based Services o LBS en inglés) que ofrecen un valor añadido al considerar la localización de los usuarios de dispositivos móviles para ofrecerles información personalizada. Por ejemplo, se han presentado numerosos LBS entre los que se encuentran servicios para encontrar taxis, detectar amigos en las cercanías, ayudar a la extinción de incendios, obtener fotos e información de los alrededores, etc. Sin embargo, los LBS actuales están diseñados para escenarios y objetivos específicos y, por lo tanto, están basados en esquemas predefinidos para el modelado de los elementos involucrados en estos escenarios. Además, el conocimiento del contexto que manejan es implícito; razón por la cual solamente funcionan para un objetivo específico. Por ejemplo, en la actualidad un usuario que llega a una ciudad tiene que conocer (y comprender) qué LBS podrían darle información acerca de medios de transporte específicos en dicha ciudad y estos servicios no son generalmente reutilizables en otras ciudades. Se han propuesto en la literatura algunas soluciones ad hoc para ofrecer LBS a usuarios pero no existe una solución general y flexible que pueda ser aplicada a muchos escenarios diferentes. Desarrollar tal sistema general simplemente uniendo LBS existentes no es sencillo ya que es un desafío diseñar un framework común que permita manejar conocimiento obtenido de datos enviados por objetos heterogéneos (incluyendo datos textuales, multimedia, sensoriales, etc.) y considerar situaciones en las que el sistema tiene que adaptarse a contextos donde el conocimiento cambia dinámicamente y en los que los dispositivos pueden usar diferentes tecnologías de comunicación (red fija, inalámbrica, etc.). Nuestra propuesta en la presente tesis es el sistema SHERLOCK (System for Heterogeneous mobilE Requests by Leveraging Ontological and Contextual Knowledge) que presenta una arquitectura general y flexible para ofrecer a los usuarios LBS que puedan serles interesantes. SHERLOCK se basa en tecnologías semánticas y de agentes: 1) utiliza ontologías para modelar la información de usuarios, dispositivos, servicios, y el entorno, y un razonador para manejar estas ontologías e inferir conocimiento que no ha sido explicitado; 2) utiliza una arquitectura basada en agentes (tanto estáticos como móviles) que permite a los distintos dispositivos SHERLOCK intercambiar conocimiento y así mantener sus ontologías locales actualizadas, y procesar peticiones de información de sus usuarios encontrando lo que necesitan, allá donde esté. El uso de estas dos tecnologías permite a SHERLOCK ser flexible en términos de los servicios que ofrece al usuario (que son aprendidos mediante la interacción entre los dispositivos), y de los mecanismos para encontrar la información que el usuario quiere (que se adaptan a la infraestructura de comunicación subyacente)

A Knowledge-Based Approach to Enhance Provision of Location-Based Services in Wireless Environments

Location-Based Services (LBS) are attracting a great interest with the fast expansion of mobile computing nowadays. These services use the user location to customize the offered information. However, most of those services are designed for specific scenarios and goals with implicit knowledge about the application context. As a consequence, hundreds of them are available (even with the same purpose). So, it is difficult for users to choose the most suitable service as they are in charge of knowing/finding the services which will be interesting for them, and handle the information that such services need. In this paper, we present an approach to handle LBS for mobile users which relieves them from knowing and managing the knowledge related to such services. This approach consists of a proposal for the modeling of such information as ontologies, which are handled by an agent-based architecture. Also, we propose to maintain updated the knowledge each mobile device contains by leveraging the exchange of information with others. For accessing the local knowledge, we present an SPARQL-like query language which avoids the ambiguities of natural language. Finally, we propose an approach to translate the user information needs into formal requests expressed in this query language, which could be later processed against the knowledge repositories to obtain the results the user needs

Flexible Access to Services in Smart Cities: Let SHERLOCK Advise Modern Citizens

Citizens can access a variety of computing services to get information, but it is often difficult to know which service will offer the best information. Researchers in the SHERLOCK (System for Heterogeneous mobilE Requests by Leveraging Ontological and Contextual Knowledge) project, from the University of Zaragoza and the Basque Country University, address this by providing mobile users with interesting Location-Based Services (LBSs)

Mobile Endpoints: Accessing Dynamic Information from Mobile Devices

Abstract. Mobile devices are ubiquitous and, due to their increasing number of sensors and their powerful features, enable users to consume and produce huge amounts of highly-dynamic data (such as location data, other devices in range, and another local context information recollected by sensors). Semantic techniques can be applied to offer smart data to their users and remote client requests. In this paper we present the use of the SHERLOCK system as endpoint that processes GeoSPARQL-DL queries over mobile devices. It uses the GeoSPARQL extension to support location-based queries and the SPARQL-DL extension to support queries over OWL ontologies. To process the queries the system obtains dynamic data directly from mobile devices by communicating with them in a P2P manner

Definición y aplicación de una forma de trabajo centrada en las personas para procesos de producción no industrial dentro de un contexto postindustrial: solución a un problema de descanso

El presente trabajo se fundamenta en una reinterpretación del papel del Diseño en la sociedad, con el objetivo de solucionar los problemas que acontecen desde la percepción de que las bases actuales de la disciplina no son las más adecuadas para solucionar los problemas reales de las personas. Para ello se ha realizado un profundo análisis del contexto de la sociedad postindustrial como base y origen de la coyuntura actual. De este modo, se ha atendido a los aspectos sociales, culturales, políticos, económicos y sociales, con el objetivo de obtener una perspectiva global del contexto de Diseño que permita encontrar las virtudes y los defectos para poder ofrecer una alternativa real y adaptada a las necesidades de la sociedad. A partir de este análisis se pueden marcar unos objetivos orientados a plantear un modelo de Diseño alternativo que permita abordar los problemas de la mejor manera posible. Todo ello, finalmente, se acaba materializando en un producto basado en dicho modelo

Influence of the sampling device on somatic cell count variation in cow milk samples (by official recording)

The objective of this study was to investigate the variability in cow's milk somatic cell counts (SCC) depending on the type of milk meter used by dairy farms for official milk recording The study was performed in 2011 and 2012 in the major cattle area of Spain. In total, 137,846 lactations of Holstein-Friesian cows were analysed at 1,912 farms. A generalised least squares regression model was used for data analysis. The model showed that the milk meter had a substantial effect on the SCC for individual milk samples obtained for official milk recording. The results suggested an overestimation of the SCC in milk samples from farms that had electronic devices in comparison with farms that used portable devices and underestimation when volumetric meters are used. A weak positive correlation was observed between the SCC and the percentage of fat in individual milk samples. The results underline the importance of considering this variable when using SCC data from milk recording in the dairy herd improvement program or in quality milk programs.Peer reviewe

Reduction of alkyl and vinyl sulfonates using the CuCl2· 2H2O-Li-DTBB(cat.) system

The reduction of a series of alkyl mesylates, dimesylates and triflates to the corresponding hydrocarbons was efficiently performed using a reducing system composed of CuCl2·2H2O, an excess of lithium sand and a catalytic amount (5 mol%) of 4,4′-di-tert-butylbiphenyl (DTBB), in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature. The process was also applied to enol and dienol triflates affording alkenes and dienes, respectively. The use of the deuterated copper salt CuCl2·2D2O allowed the simple preparation of the corresponding deuterated products.Fil: Radivoy, Gabriel Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Alonso, Francisco. Universidad de Alicante; EspañaFil: Moglie, Yanina Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Vitale, Cristian Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; Argentina. Universidad de Alicante; EspañaFil: Yus, Miguel. Universidad de Alicante; Españ

Enantioselective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Using (Z)-α-Amidonitroalkenes as a Key Step to the Access to Chiral cis-3,4-Diaminopyrrolidines

The enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between imino esters and (Z)-nitroalkenes bearing a masked amino group in the β-position was studied using several chiral ligands and silver salts. The optimized reaction conditions were directly applied to the study of the scope of the reaction. The determination of the absolute configuration was evaluated using NMR experiments and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). The reduction and hydrolysis of both groups was performed to generate in an excellent enantiomeric ratio the corresponding cis-2,3-diaminoprolinate.We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (project RED2018-102387-T) the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, EU) (projects CTQ2016-76782-P, CTQ2016-80375-P, CTQ2017-82935-P and PID2019-107268GB-I00), the Generalitat Valenciana (IDIFEDER/2021/013, CIDEGENT/2020/058 and APOTIP/2020/002), Medalchemy S. L. (Medalchemy-18T) and the University of Alicante (VIGROB-068, UAUSTI21-05)

Robot milking and relationship with culling rate in dairy cows

Cow routines and behavioral responses are altered substantially following the installation of robot milking. The present study was designed to analyze the effect that switching from milking parlor to automatic milking system (AMS) had on the culling rate (due to various causes) of dairy cattle. For this purpose, culling records and causes for culling were tracked in 23 dairy farms in the Galicia region (NW Spain). The animals in these farms were monitored for 5 years. For the present study, that length of time was divided into three different stages, as follows: 2 years before switching from a milking parlor to AMS (stage 1), the 1st year following the implementation of AMS (stage 2) and the 2nd and 3rd years succeeding the implementation of AMS (stage 3). Cox models for survival analysis were used to estimate the time to culling due to different reasons during stage 1 in relation to stages 2 and 3. The data indicated that the risk of loss due to death or emergency slaughter decreased significantly following the installation of AMS. In contrast, the risk of culling due to low production, udder problems, infertility or lameness increased significantly. Low-production cows (such as cows in advanced lactation due to infertility) or sick cows (such as mastitic or lame cows) allegedly have a noticeable effect both on the performance and the amortization of the cost of AMS, which in turn would lead to a higher probability of elimination than in conventional systemsS

The use of crossbreeding with beef bulls in dairy herds: effects on calving difficulty and gestation length

This study was designed to analyse the evolution in the use of beef bull semen for dairy cattle insemination and, mainly, to assess calving difficulty, gestation length and proportion of stillbirths after breeding pure Holsteins or crossbreeding. Data were collected during 2004 to 2011 for 552 571 Holstein calvings (457 070 Holstein × Holstein, 43 384 Holstein × Limousine, 32 174 Holstein × Belgian Blue and 19 943 Holstein × Galician Blonde). The highest calving difficulty, compared with pure Holsteins was for crosses with Belgian Blue followed by Limousine and Galician Blonde. The Holstein × Limousine and Holstein × Galician Blonde crossbred calves had significantly longer gestation lengths than Holstein × Holstein and Holstein × Belgian Blue calves. Between the latter two, pure Holstein had the shortest gestation length. Calving difficulty and gestation length decreased as the age of the dam advanced. The most difficult calvings were observed in twin calvings, followed by the calvings of male calves and female calves. The gestations leading to the birth of male calves were longer than those leading to female calves and twin calves. Stillbirths were not related to the breed used for mating. Through examining these parameters, sire breed should be considered when selecting a beef breed for the insemination of milk-producing damsS