Growth Optimization of Thermophilic Bacteria Bacillus thermoamylovorans and Brevibacillus sp. in Producing Keratinolytic Enzyme

Some thermophilic bacteria have been isolated from Tanjung Sakti hot spring. Two isolates which qualitatively showed keratinolytic activity, identified as Bacillus thermoamylovorans and Brevibacillus sp., were optimized the growth in producing keratinase enzyme. Keratinase is a group of proteolytic enzyme which able to hydrolyze insoluble protein (keratin). In this research, whole chicken feathers were used as keratin substrate. The growth curves and measurement of keratinase enzyme activities were determined to the isolates, with a span of measuring 4 hours during 48 hours incubation, and gained the growth and optimum enzyme activity at 28 h incubation. The isolates were then observed the growth and keratinase activity at several different temperatures and pH. The results showed that the optimum temperature and pH for both isolates were same, i.e. at temperature 70° C and pH 7. The effect of adding a source of carbon and nitrogen into the medium were also observed. The growths of both isolates were increased on the addition of 1% glucose and 0.4% casein

Isolation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Thermophile Community Within Tanjung Sakti Hot Spring, South Sumatera, Indonesia

A community of thermophiles within Tanjung Sakti Hot Spring (South Sumatera) have been cultivated and identified based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence. The hot spring has temperature 80C-91C and pH 7-8. We used a simple method for culturing the microbes, by enriching the spring water with nutrient broth media. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the method could recover microbes, which clustered within four distinct taxonomic groups: Anoxybacillus, Geobacillus, Brevibacillus, and Bacillus. These microbes closely related to Anoxybacillus rupiensis, Anoxybacillus flavithermus, Geobacillus pallidus, Brevibacillus thermoruber, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus thermoamylovorans. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence of one isolate only had 96% similarity with Brevibacillus sequence in GenBank

Colony Morphology of Yeast Isolates from Tuak and Its Application in Producing Ethanol From Sugarcane Bagasse

Abstract: Colony morphology yeast isolates from tuak and its application in producing ethanol from sugarcane bagasse has been conducted. Yeast isolates used in this work were HT4, HT5, and HT20 obtained from Tuak. These isolates have cream to yellow in color, spherical to oval in shape, and grow as budding cells. Our goal is to find yeast isolates used as microbial agent in fermentation process producing ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass as raw material.  Based upon morphology showed that these isolates were Candida species.  Isolate HT5 then used to see its potent  as  agent in bioethanol production.  Fermentation of 5 g sugarcane bagasse substrate resulted 0.0008% ethanol.  This results indicated that isolate has a potent as microbial agent for fermentation, however the optimum condition of process is needed to furthermore study.    Keywords: Candida species, bioethanol, TuakAbstrak (Indonesian): Telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap morfologi koloni dari isolat khamir dari tuak dan aplikasinya dalam produksi etanol dari ampas tebu.  Isolat khamir yang digunakan adalah koloni HT4, HT5, dan HT20  yang telah didapat dari tuak.  Isolat-isolat ini memiliki bentuk warna krem hingga kuning dengan bentuk bulat hingga oval dan pertumbuhannya dengan membentuk tunas.  Tujuannya adalah untuk mendapatkan isolat ini akan digunakan sebagai agen mikroba pada proses fermentasi menghasilkan etanol dari biomasa lignoselulosa sebagai bahan bakunya.   Berdasarkan morfologi menunjukan bahwa isolat-isolat ini adalah spesies Candida.  Isolat HT5 selanjutnya digunakan untuk melihat potensinya sebagai agen dalam produksi bioetanol.  Fermentasi menggunakan 5 g subtrat ampas tebu menghasilkan etanol  sebesar 0.0008%.  Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa isolat memiliki potensi sebagai agen fermentasi menghasilkan etanol akan tetapi masih perlu diteliti lebih lanjut untuk kondisi optimum prosesnya.Kata kunci: spesies Candida, bioetanol. tua

Microbial Diversity of Acidic Hot Spring (Kawah Hujan B) in Geothermal Field of Kamojang Area, West Java-Indonesia

Microbial communities in an acidic hot spring, namely Kawah Hujan B, at Kamojang geothermal field, West Java-Indonesia was examined using culture dependent and culture independent strategies. Chemical analysis of the hot spring water showed a characteristic of acidic-sulfate geothermal activity that contained high sulfate concentrations and low pH values (pH 1.8 to 1.9). Microbial community present in the spring was characterized by 16S rRNA gene combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. The majority of the sequences recovered from culture-independent method were closely related to Crenarchaeota and Proteobacteria phyla. However, detail comparison among the member of Crenarchaeota showing some sequences variation compared to that the published data especially on the hypervariable and variable regions. In addition, the sequences did not belong to certain genus. Meanwhile, the 16S Rdna sequences from culture-dependent samples revealed mostly close to Firmicute and gamma Proteobacteria

Study of Antioxidant Activities from Antihypertension Drug Plant of the Indralaya Area

Ogan ethnic population in Indralaya, Ogan Ilir District, South Sumatra was known to have used several types of plants, there are Swietenia mahagoni, Averrhoa carambola, Syzygium samarangense, Musa acuminata, Nymphaea rubra, Syzygium polyanthum, and Andrographis paniculata for the treatment of hypertension. But, scientific information has not yet been found secondary metabolites that are responsible for providing these activities. The study began with the extraction of methanol from the seven types of plants using methanol as a solvent. Each thick extract was tested for its activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-1-picryllhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The extract which showed the highest activity (methanol extract) was subsequently carried out in vitro antihypertension test using the Angiotencyn Converting Enzyme (ACE) method. Antioxidant test results showed that the methanol extract from S. samarangense stem bark had the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 was 83.06 μg/mL. Antihypertension test of methanol extract from S. samarangense stem bark obtained IC50 ACE was 61.56 μg/mL. Based on the IC50 value, it shows that S. samarangense stem bark has potential as a source of antioxidant compounds as well as a source of antihypertension compounds. Keywords: Syzygium samarangense, stem bark, antioxidant, antihypertensio

Analisis Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif Asam Lemak Tak Jenuh Omega-3, Omega-6 dan Karakterisasi Minyak Ikan Patin (Pangasius Pangasius)

Telah dilakukan analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif asam lemak tak jenuh Omega-3 dan Omega-6pada minyak ikan patin (Pangasius pangasius) dengan menggunakan metode kromatografi gas. Kadar Omega-3yang diperoleh dari minyak ikan patin yaitu berkisar antara 1,16-12,44(%W/W) dan kadar Omega-6 berkisaranantara 12,278-15,961(%W/W). Dari kadar Omega-3 dan dari kadar Omega-6 yang diperoleh dari penelitianini, ikan patin dapat digunakan sebagai sumber Omega-3 dan Omega-6 alternatif. Dalam penelitian ini jugadilakukan karakterisasi minyak ikan patin yang meliputi kadar minyak, bilangan asam, bilangan penyabunan,dan bilangan peroksida dengan metode Badan Standarisasi Nasional. Dari hasil penelitian pada ikan patindengan berat 650-879 gram diperoleh kadar minyak rata-rata 3,827(%W/W), bilangan asam berkisar antara3,667-19,521 mgKOH/gr, bilangan penyabunan berkisar antara91,319-192,656 mg KOH/gr, dan bilangan peroksida berkisar antara 0,778-17,78 mek/kg

Inovasi Keripik Berbahan Baku Kelapa Sebagai Peluang Usaha di Desa Tebing Gerinting Indralaya

Desa Tebing Gerinting merupakan salah satu desa di Indralaya Selatan Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, Sumatera Selatan.  Sumber mata pencaharian penduduk sangat beragam mulai dari petani, peternak, berkebun, pedagang dan usaha rumah tangga membuat kemplang, dengan rata-rata tingkat perekonomian yang masih rendah. Usaha pembuatan kemplang juga mempunyai kendala dalam pemasarannya dengan banyaknya masyarakat yang membuka usaha tersebut. Untuk itu perlu diperkenalkan  alternatif lain sebagai peluang usaha pada masyarakat  Desa Tebing Gerinting. Pada kegiatan ini telah  diperkenalkan kepada masyarakat inovasi keripik berbahan baku kelapa aneka rasa yang renyah dan berkualitas  dengan nilai jual tinggi sebagai suatu peluang usaha.  Dari kegiatan yang dilakukan terlihat bahwa pengolahan kelapa menjadi keripik merupakan suatu pengetahuan baru bagi masyarakat Tebing Gerinting, sehingga terlihat rasa ingin tahu dan antusias peserta dalam kegiatan ini.  Masyarakat mengetahui bahwa pengolahan kelapa menjadi keripik juga sangat sederhana  dan bahkan memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi. Survei yang dilakukan menunjukkan masyarakat suka akan produk yang dibuat dengan persentase penilaian rasa biasa (15%), suka (65%), dan sangat suka (20%).  Kegiatan ini mendapatkan respon yang baik dan telah menambah pengetahuan masyarakat untuk mencoba alternatif lain peluang usaha untuk meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat

SANCACO COFFEE SYINBIOTIC (PROBIOTIC AND PREBIOTIC) AND ANTIBACTERIAL ASSAY AGAINST Escherichia coli

Robusta coffee is one of the plants used as a drink and has an efficacious content that can be modified to be used as a cure for diarrhea. This research was conducted To determine the effect of synbiotic coffee with a combination of coffee, prebiotic inulin chicory, probiotic B. bifidum, and glucose on the growth and antibacterial activity of the probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum BRL-130. Organoleptic testing of synbiotic coffee was performed on 30 panelists, then the growth test used the total plate count method, and the antibacterial test used the paper diffusion method. The organoleptic test showed that the selected formula 1 had the highest average taste of 3.76. In the symbiotic coffee growth test, the best results were obtained in week 1 of plain water with a temperature of 40°C with the number of colonies 5.95 x108 CFU/mL. Antibacterial activity test using paper disc diffusion method with a variation of the selected formula 1 treatment control, 2 treatment control pure robusta coffee powder, positive control of ciprofloxacin antibiotic, and negative control of aquadest solvent. The antibacterial activity of synbiotic coffee against E. coli showed that there was an inhibitory response in formula 1 against Escherichia coli bacteria in the first week of storage, 12.3±1.1 mm with strong criteria. &nbsp

Chemical constituents from stem bark of Flacourtia rukam zoll. & mor. and their antioxidant activities

Exploration of chemical compounds and biological activities of extract stem bark of Flacourtia rukam have been succesfully. We have isolated and characterized three compounds friedelin (1), poliothrysoside (2), and β-sitosteryl-3β-glucopyranoside (3). The structures were identified used UV, IR and NMR spectrum data and comparison of their NMR data with literature. The antioxidant activities of each of them were tested used DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) method. All compounds givn IC50 value >100 μg/mL and were categorized weaker antioxidant. Compounds 2 and 3 have been reported from other species from genus Flacourtia but this is the first report of the isolation from F. rukam

Analisis Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif Asam Lemak Tak Jenuh Omega-3 dari Minyak Ikan Patin (Pangasius Pangasius) dengan Metoda Kromatografi Gas

Telah dilakukan analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif asam lemak tak jenuh Omega-3 pada minyak ikan patin (Pangasius pangasius) dengan menggunakan metode kromatografi gas. Kadar Omega-3 yang diperoleh dari minyak ikan patin yaitu berkisar antara 1,16-12,44%. Dari kadar Omega-3 yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini, ikan patin dapat digunakan sebagai sumber Omega-3 alternatif. Dalam pnelitian ini juga dilakukan karakterisasi minyak ikan patin yang meliputi kadar minyak, bilangan asam, bilangan penyabunan, dan bilangan peroksida dengan metode Badan Standarisasi Nasional. Dari hasil penelitian pada ikan patin dengan berat 650-870 gram diperoleh kadar minyak rata-rata 3,827%, bilangan asam berkisar antara 3,667-19,521 mgKOH/gr, bilangan penyabunan berkisar antara 91,319-192,656 mg KOH/gr, dan bilangan peroksida berkisar antara 0,778-17,78 mek/kg