10 research outputs found
Optical Field Enhancement in Nanoscale Slot Waveguides of Hyperbolic Metamaterials
Nanoscale slot waveguides of hyperbolic metamaterials are proposed and
demonstrated for achieving large optical field enhancement. The dependence of
the enhanced electric field within the air slot on waveguide mode coupling and
permittivity tensors of hyperbolic metamaterials is analyzed both numerically
and analytically. Optical intensity in the metamaterial slot waveguide can be
more than 25 times stronger than that in a conventional silicon slot waveguide,
due to tight optical mode confinement enabled by the ultrahigh refractive
indices supported in hyperbolic metamaterials. The electric field enhancement
effects are also verified with the realistic metal-dielectric multilayer
waveguide structure.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
Nanoscale Metamaterial Optical Waveguides with Ultrahigh Refractive Indices
We propose deep-subwavelength optical waveguides based on metal-dielectric
multilayer indefinite metamaterials with ultrahigh effective refractive
indices. Waveguide modes with different mode orders are systematically analyzed
with numerical simulations based on both metal-dielectric multilayer structures
and the effective medium approach. The dependences of waveguide mode indices,
propagation lengths and mode areas on different mode orders, free space
wavelengths and sizes of waveguide cross sections are studied. Furthermore,
waveguide modes are also illustrated with iso-frequency contours in the wave
vector space in order to investigate the mechanism of waveguide mode cutoff for
high order modes. The deep-subwavelength optical waveguide with a size smaller
than {\lambda}0/50 and a mode area in the order of 10-4 {\lambda}02 is
realized, and an ultrahigh effective refractive index up to 62.0 is achieved at
the telecommunication wavelength. This new type of metamaterial optical
waveguide opens up opportunities for various applications in enhanced
light-matter interactions.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figure
Giant Transverse Optical Forces in Nanoscale Slot Waveguides of Hyperbolic Metamaterials
Here we demonstrate that giant transverse optical forces can be generated in
nanoscale slot waveguides of hyperbolic metamaterials, with more than two
orders of magnitude stronger compared to the force created in conventional
silicon slot waveguides, due to the nanoscale optical field enhancement and the
extreme optical energy compression within the air slot region. Both numerical
simulation and analytical treatment are carried out to study the dependence of
the optical forces on the waveguide geometries and the metamaterial
permittivity tensors, including the attractive optical forces for the symmetric
modes and the repulsive optical forces for the anti-symmetric modes. The
significantly enhanced transverse optical forces result from the strong optical
mode coupling strength between two metamaterial waveguides, which can be
explained with an explicit relation derived from the coupled mode theory.
Moreover, the calculation on realistic metal-dielectric multilayer structures
indicates that the predicted giant optical forces are achievable in
experiments, which will open the door for various optomechanical applications
in nanoscale, such as optical nanoelectromechanical systems, optical sensors
and actuators.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figure
Effects of flaxseed processing on nutrient utilization, fatty acid deposition, performance response of broilers, and on flaxseed hydrogen cyanide content
A series of experiments were carved out to study the effect of dietary enzyme inclusion or flaxseed processing on feeding value of flaxseed for broilers. The feed enzymes tested containing xylanase activities failed to produce any positive performance response when used in a 10% flaxseed diet with manufacturer recommended dosage for broilers (D 1 to 21).Autoclaving of flaxseed at 16.5 kg/cm2 and 120°C for 15 min slightly improved the performance of young broilers fed a 10% flaxseed diet. This improvement was not observed at lower temperature and shorter period of autoclaving, but was magnified at higher flaxseed level. Autoclaving, microwave roasting, pelleting significantly (P < 0.05) reduced HCN content in flaxseed. The greatest HCN reduction was observed with repeated pelleting (54.9%) and microwave roasting (83.2%), from its 377 mg/kg of raw flaxseed.When tested with roosters, flaxseed processing effectively increased ME values, dry matter, and ether extract utilization. The raw flaxseed TME and TMEn of 3343 and 3225 kcal/kg, respectively, was significantly (P < 0.01) increased by repeated pelleting (44%) and microwave roasting (32%). It was the result of significant improvement (P < 0.05) of EE utilization by the relevant processing. These improvements had a similar effect on total FA and linolenic acid utilization.The processing method and flaxseed level had a very significant effect on deposition of total T-3 FAs in breast and thigh meat (P < 0.001) of 40 days old broilers. The highest level of T-3 FAs in muscle lipids of 23.04% and 26.46% for breast and thigh, respectively, was achieved with the highest flaxseed level (14% in days 1 to 21 days, and 17% in days 22--40) and pellet-then-mash processing, which lead to low T-6/T-3 ratios of 0.81 and 0.80 in breast and thigh muscle lipid, respectively. The proper flaxseed processing allowed more flaxseed (up to 12%) to be included in broiler diets without obvious growth depression, while achieving the higher desired T-3 FAs deposition in meat
Methodological Aspects of Measuring Phytase Activity and Phytate Phosphorus Content in Selected Cereal Grains and Digesta and Feces of Pigs
Click Synthesis of Hydrophilic Maltose-Functionalized Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles Based on Dopamine Anchors for Highly Selective Enrichment of Glycopeptides
Click Synthesis of Hydrophilic Maltose-Functionalized Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles Based on Dopamine Anchors for Highly Selective Enrichment of Glycopeptides
The
development of methods to isolate and enrich low-abundance
glycopeptides from biological samples is crucial to glycoproteomics.
Herein, we present an easy and one-step surface modification strategy
to prepare hydrophilic maltose functionalized Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles (NPs). First, based on the chelation of the
catechol ligand with iron atoms, azido-terminated dopamine (DA) derivative
was assembled on the surface of magnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles by sonication. Second, the hydrophilic maltose-functionalized
Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-DA-Maltose)
NPs were obtained via copperÂ(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition
(click chemistry). The morphology, structure, and composition of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-DA-Maltose NPs were investigated by Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy
(TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer
(XPS), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Meanwhile, hydrophilicity
of the obtained NPs was evaluated by water contact angle measurement.
The hydrophilic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-DA-Maltose NPs were applied
in isolation and enrichment of glycopeptides from horseradish peroxidase
(HRP), immunoglobulin (IgG) digests. The MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric
analysis indicated that the novel NPs exhibited high detection sensitivity
in enrichment from HRP digests at concentration as low as 0.05 ng
μL<sup>–1</sup>, a large binding capacity up to 43 mg
g<sup>–1</sup>, and good recovery for glycopeptides enrichment
(85–110%). Moreover, the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-DA-Maltose
NPs were applied to enrich glycopeptides from human renal mesangial
cells (HRMC) for identification of N-glycosylation sites. Finally,
we identified 115 different N-linked glycopeptides, representing 93
gene products and 124 glycosylation sites in HRMC
Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Experts Consensus on the Management of Ground-Glass Nodules Suspected as Lung Adenocarcinoma (Version 1)
Background and objective As computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer becomes more common in China, so too does detection of pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs). Although anumber of national or international guidelines about pulmonary GGNs have been published,most of these guidelines are produced by respiratory, oncology or radiology physicians, who might not fully understand the progress of modern minimal invasive thoracic surgery, and these current guidelines may overlook or underestimate the value of thoracic surgery in the management of pulmonary GGNs. In addition, the management for pre-invasive adenocarcinoma is still controversial. Based onthe available literature and experience from Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, we composed this consensus about diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary GGNs. For lesions which are considered as adenocarcinoma in situ, chest thin layer CT scan follow-up is recommended and resection can only be adopt in some specific cases and excision should not exceed single segment resection. For lesions which are considered as minimal invasive adenocarcinoma, limited pulmonary resection or lobectomy is recommended. For lesions which are considered as early stage invasive adenocarcinoma, pulmonary resection is recommend and optimal surgical methods depend on whether ground glass component exist, location, volume and number of the lesions and physical status of patients. Principle of management of multiple pulmonary nodules is that primary lesions should be handled with priority, with secondary lesions taking into account