Indole contributes to tetracycline resistance via the outer membrane protein OmpN in Vibrio splendidus

As an interspecies and interkingdom signaling molecule, indole has recently received attention for its diverse effects on the physiology of both bacteria and hosts. In this study, indole increased the tetracycline resistance of Vibrio splendidus. The minimal inhibitory concentration of tetracycline was 10 mu g/mL, and the OD600 of V. splendidus decreased by 94.5% in the presence of 20 mu g/mL tetracycline; however, the OD600 of V. splendidus with a mixture of 20 mu g/mL tetracycline and 125 mu M indole was 10- or 4.5-fold higher than that with only 20 mu g/mL tetracycline at different time points. The percentage of cells resistant to 10 mu g/mL tetracycline was 600-fold higher in the culture with an OD600 of approximately 2.0 (higher level of indole) than that in the culture with an OD600 of 0.5, which also meant that the level of indole was correlated to the tetracycline resistance of V. splendidus. Furthermore, one differentially expressed protein, which was identified as the outer membrane porin OmpN using SDS-PAGE combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, was upregulated. Consequently, the expression of the ompN gene in the presence of either tetracycline or indole and simultaneously in the presence of indole and tetracycline was upregulated by 1.8-, 2.54-, and 6.01-fold, respectively, compared to the control samples. The combined results demonstrated that indole enhanced the tetracycline resistance of V. splendidus, and this resistance was probably due to upregulation of the outer membrane porin OmpN

Design and Application of Exclusive Service App for Rural Elderly

With the further advancement of rural development and the rapid development of mobile Internet, rural service apps have gradually become an important means of promoting rural economic development and improving farmers’ production and living standards. At present, a number of service-type apps with wide applications in the field of rural services have emerged, such as “Planting Master”, “Farming Network”, “Rural Taobao”, etc. However, these apps do not pay special attention to special groups, but only target the majority of young people and office workers. However, these apps do not pay special attention to special groups, but only target the majority of young people and office workers. In order to fill this gap, we have designed a software called Nong’e Tong, which is specially designed for the elderly and other special groups. The software has a simple and beautiful interface, and is easy to use. It not only provides a lot of special functions, but also can link the elderly’s cell phone with their children’s cell phones to check the health and safety of the elderly at any time. Compared to other software, the application has special features for seniors to ensure that they can use the application easily and quickly

Clinicopathological Manifestations of Kidney Injury in Leukemia

BackgroundKidney is a major extramedullary organ involved in leukemia, but clinicians have insufficient understanding of it due to rare case reports.ObjectiveTo analyze the clinicopathological manifestations of kidney injury in leukemia.MethodsFive patients with kidney injury in leukemia were recruited from Peking University People's Hospital from June 2010 to June 2020. Their demographics, clinical manifestations, ultrasonic and laboratory examination results, pathological examination results of renal biopsy species, therapeutic regimen and follow-up were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsAll these patients were male, with an onset age ranging from 19 to 73 years old. Two of them had B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, the remaining three had B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. All of them had acute kidney injury with proteinuria, and pathologically manifestation of acute interstitial nephritis. In addition, two of them also had leukemia-related glomerular disease. Renal pathology indicated extramedullary recurrence in the two cases of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and progression in the other three cases of B-cell chronic lymphoblastic leukemia. Four patients received regular chemotherapy, and two of them obtained a reduction in serum creatinine levels, but the other two showed no improvement in renal function.ConclusionKidney injury in leukemia commonly manifests as acute kidney injury clinically, acute interstitial nephritis pathologically, and may be complicated by secondary glomerulopathy. Prompt renal biopsy, especially immunohistochemical staining for renal interstitial infiltrating cells, may be helpful for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment guidance

Different types of cell death and their shift in shaping disease

Abstract Cell death is the irreversible stop of life. It is also the basic physiological process of all organisms which involved in the embryonic development, organ maintenance and autoimmunity of the body. In recent years, we have gained more comprehension of the mechanism in cell death and have basically clarified the different types of "programmed cell death", such as apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis, and identified some key genes in these processes. However, in these previous studies, the conversion between different cell death modes and their application in diseases are rarely explored. To sum up, although many valued discoveries have been discovered in the field of cell death in recent years, there are still many unknown problems to be solved in this field. Facts have proved that cell death is a very complex game, and a series of core players have the ability to destroy the delicate balance of the cell environment, from survival to death, from anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory. With the thorough research of the complex regulatory mechanism of cell death, there will certainly be exciting new research in this field in the next few years. The sake of this paper is to emphasize the complex mechanism of overturning the balance between different cell fates and provide relevant theoretical basis for the connection between cell death transformation and disease treatment in the future

Novel secreted STPKLRR from Vibrio splendidus AJ01 promotes pathogen internalization via mediating tropomodulin phosphorylation dependent cytoskeleton rearrangement.

We previously demonstrated that the flagellin of intracellular Vibrio splendidus AJ01 could be specifically identified by tropomodulin (Tmod) and further mediate p53-dependent coelomocyte apoptosis in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. In higher animals, Tmod serves as a regulator in stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton. However, the mechanism on how AJ01 breaks the AjTmod-stabilized cytoskeleton for internalization remains unclear. Here, we identified a novel AJ01 Type III secretion system (T3SS) effector of leucine-rich repeat-containing serine/threonine-protein kinase (STPKLRR) with five LRR domains and a serine/threonine kinase (STYKc) domain, which could specifically interact with tropomodulin domain of AjTmod. Furthermore, we found that STPKLRR directly phosphorylated AjTmod at serine 52 (S52) to reduce the binding stability between AjTmod and actin. After AjTmod dissociated from actin, the F-actin/G-actin ratio decreased to induce cytoskeletal rearrangement, which in turn promoted the internalization of AJ01. The STPKLRR knocked out strain could not phosphorylated AjTmod and displayed lower internalization capacity and pathogenic effect compared to AJ01. Overall, we demonstrated for the first time that the T3SS effector STPKLRR with kinase activity was a novel virulence factor in Vibrio and mediated self-internalization by targeting host AjTmod phosphorylation dependent cytoskeleton rearrangement, which provided a candidate target to control AJ01 infection in practice

Triboelectric–Electromagnetic Hybrid Generator for Harvesting Blue Energy

Abstract Progress has been developed in harvesting low-frequency and irregular blue energy using a triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid generator in recent years. However, the design of the high-efficiency, mechanically durable hybrid structure is still challenging. In this study, we report a fully packaged triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid generator (TEHG), in which magnets were utilized as the trigger to drive contact–separation-mode triboelectric nanogenerators (CS-TENGs) and coupled with copper coils to operate rotary freestanding-mode electromagnetic generators (RF-EMGs). The magnet pairs that produce attraction were used to transfer the external mechanical energy to the CS-TENGs, and packaging of the CS-TENG part was achieved to protect it from the ambient environment. Under a rotatory speed of 100 rpm, the CS-TENGs enabled the TEHG to deliver an output voltage, current, and average power of 315.8 V, 44.6 μA, and ~ 90.7 μW, and the output of the RF-EMGs was 0.59 V, 1.78 mA, and 79.6 μW, respectively. The cylinder-like structure made the TEHG more easily driven by water flow and demonstrated to work as a practical power source to charge commercial capacitors. It can charge a 33 μF capacitor from 0 to 2.1 V in 84 s, and the stored energy in the capacitor can drive an electronic thermometer and form a self-powered water-temperature sensing system