Weak solvability of the unconditionally stable difference scheme for the coupled sine-Gordon system

In this paper, we study the existence and uniqueness of weak solution for the system of finite difference schemes for coupled sine-Gordon equations. A novel first order of accuracy unconditionally stable difference scheme is considered. The variational method also known as the energy method is applied to prove unique weak solvability.We also present a new unified numerical method for the approximate solution of this problem by combining the difference scheme and the fixed point iteration. A test problem is considered, and results of numerical experiments are presented with error analysis to verify the accuracy of the proposed numerical method

On Third Order Stable Difference Scheme for Hyperbolic Multipoint Nonlocal Boundary Value Problem

This paper presents a third order of accuracy stable difference scheme for the approximate solution of multipoint nonlocal boundary value problem of the hyperbolic type in a Hilbert space with self-adjoint positive definite operator. Stability estimates for solution of the difference scheme are obtained. Some results of numerical experiments that support theoretical statements are presented

Social and emotional loneliness among older people living in nursing homes in Spain: a cross-sectional study

Loneliness, little studied in Nursing Homes (NHs), can affect physical and mental health. We aimed to analyze the factors associated with overall, social, and emotional loneliness in 65 residents of 5 NHs from Central Catalonia (Spain), and to verify its prevalence. The sample consisted of 81.5% women with a mean age of 84±7.13 years. The cross-sectional study included older adults aged 65 or over and with preserved cognitive status. De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale was used to assess overall loneliness and its subtypes; and sociodemographic and health-related variables were collected. The chi-square (or Fisher’s) test and logistic regression were used for bivariate and multivariate analysis respectively. Prevalence of overall loneliness was 70.7% (95%CI:58.2-81.4), social loneliness 44.6% (95% CI: 33.1-56.6) and emotional loneliness 46.2% (95% CI: 34.5–58.1). Overall loneliness was associated with lower perceived quality of life (Odds Ratio-OR = 5.52, 95% CI:1.25-24.38) and NHs with state subsidized places (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: .05-.74); social loneliness with having 0-1 children (OR = .25, 95% CI: .08-.77), and emotional loneliness with depression (OR = 4.54, 95% CI: 1.28-16.08) and urinary incontinence (UI) (OR = 4.65, 95% CI: 1.23-17.52). Loneliness was present in almost 71% of residents and was associated with type of NH and poorer quality of life, the emotional with depression and UI and the social one with having less than 2 children.La soledad, poco estudiada en las residencias de ancianos, puede afectar a la salud física y mental. Nuestro objetivo es analizar los factores asociados a la soledad global, social y emocional de un total de 65 residentes de 5 residencias de la Cataluña Central (España), y comprobar su prevalencia. La muestra estuvo formada por 81.5% mujeres con una edad media de 84±7.13 años. El estudio transversal incluyó a adultos mayores de 65 años y con estado cognitivo preservado. Se utilizó la Escala de Soledad de De Jong Gierveld para evaluar la soledad general y sus subtipos; y se recogieron variables sociodemográficas y relacionadas con la salud. Se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado (o de Fisher) y la regresión logística para el análisis bivariante y multivariante, respectivamente. La prevalencia de la soledad global fue del 70.7% (IC 95%: 58.2-81.4), la soledad social del 44.6% (IC 95%: 33.1-56.6) y la soledad emocional del 46.2% (IC 95%: 34.5-58.1). La soledad global se asoció con una menor calidad de vida percibida (Odds Ratio-OR = 5.52, IC 95%: 1.25-24.38) y las residencias concertadas (OR = 0.19, IC 95%: 0.05-0. 74); la soledad social con tener 0-1 hijos (OR = 0.25, IC 95%: 0.08-0.77), y la soledad emocional con la depresión (OR = 4.54, IC 95%: 1.28-16.08) y la incontinencia urinaria (UI) (OR = 4.65, IC 95%: 1.23-17.52). La soledad estuvo presente en casi el 71% de los residentes y se asoció con el tipo de residencia y la peor calidad de vida, la emocional con la depresión y la IU y la social con tener menos de 2 hijos

Soledad social y emocional en personas mayores que viven en residencias geriátricas de España: un estudio transversal

Loneliness, little studied in Nursing Homes (NHs), can affect physical and mental health. We aimed to analyze the factors associated with overall, social, and emotional loneliness in 65 residents of 5 NHs from Central Catalonia (Spain), and to verify its prevalence. The sample consisted of 81.5% women with a mean age of 84±7.13 years. The crosssectional study included older adults aged 65 or over and with preserved cognitive status. De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale was used to assess overall loneliness and itssubtypes; and sociodemographic and health-related variables were collected. The chi-square (or Fisher’s) test and logistic regression were used for bivariate and multivariate analysis respectively. Prevalence of overall loneliness was 70.7% (95%CI:58.2-81.4), social loneliness 44.6% (95% CI: 33.1-56.6) and emotional loneliness 46.2% (95% CI: 34.5–58.1). Overall loneliness was associated with lower per-ceived quality of life (Odds Ratio-OR = 5.52, 95% CI:1.25-24.38) and NHswith state subsidized places (OR =0.19, 95% CI: .05-.74); social loneliness with having 0-1 children (OR = .25, 95% CI: .08-.77), and emotional loneliness with depression (OR = 4.54, 95% CI: 1.28-16.08) and urinary incontinence (UI) (OR = 4.65, 95% CI: 1.23-17.52). Loneliness was present in almost 71% of residents and was associated with type of NH and poorer quality of life, the emotional with depression and UI and the social one with having less than 2 children.La soledad, poco estudiada en las residencias de ancianos, puede afectar a la salud física y mental. Nuestro objetivo es analizar los factores asociados a la soledad global, social y emocional de un total de 65 residentes de 5 residencias de la Cataluña Central (España), y comprobar su prevalencia. La muestra estuvo formada por 81.5% mujeres con una edad media de 84±7.13 años. El estudio transversal incluyó a adultos mayores de 65 años y con estado cognitivo preservado. Se utilizó la Escala de Soledad de De Jong Gierveld para evaluar la soledad general y sus subtipos; y se recogieron variables sociodemográficas y relacionadas con la salud. Se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado (o de Fisher) y la regresión logística para el análisis bivariante y multivariante, respectivamente. La prevalencia de la soledad global fue del 70.7% (IC 95%: 58.2-81.4), la soledad social del 44.6% (IC 95%: 33.1-56.6) y la soledad emocional del 46.2% (IC 95%: 34.5-58.1). La soledad global se asoció con una menor calidad de vida percibida (Odds Ratio-OR = 5.52, IC 95%: 1.25-24.38) y las residencias concertadas (OR = 0.19, IC 95%: 0.05-0. 74); la soledad social con tener 0-1 hijos (OR =0.25, IC 95%: 0.08-0.77), y la soledad emocional con la depresión (OR = 4.54, IC 95%: 1.28-16.08) y la incontinencia urinaria (UI) (OR = 4.65, IC 95%: 1.23-17.52). La soledad estuvo presente en casi el 71% de los residentes y se asoció con el tipo de residencia y la peor calidad de vida, la emocional con la depresión y la IU y la social con tener menos de 2 hijo

A Single-Cell Taxonomy Predicts Inflammatory Niche Remodeling to Drive Tissue Failure and Outcome in Human AML

Cancer initiation is orchestrated by an interplay between tumor-initiating cells and their stromal/immune environment. Here, by adapted single-cell RNA sequencing, we decipher the predicted signaling between tissue-resident hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) and their neoplastic counterparts with their native niches in the human bone marrow. LEPR + stromal cells are identified as central regulators of hematopoiesis through predicted interactions with all cells in the marrow. Inflammatory niche remodeling and the resulting deprivation of critical HSPC regulatory factors are predicted to repress high-output hematopoietic stem cell subsets in NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with relative resistance of clonal cells. Stromal gene signatures reflective of niche remodeling are associated with reduced relapse rates and favorable outcomes after chemotherapy across all genetic risk categories. Elucidation of the intercellular signaling defining human AML, thus, predicts that inflammatory remodeling of stem cell niches drives tissue repression and clonal selection but may pose a vulnerability for relapse-initiating cells in the context of chemotherapeutic treatment.</p

Urinary incontinence and sedentary behaviour in nursing home residents in Osona, Catalonia: protocol for the OsoNaH project, a multicentre observational study

Introduction Several studies have shown that physical activity (PA) levels and sedentary behaviour (SB) are independent risk factors for many health-related issues. However, there is scarce evidence supporting the relationship between SB and urinary incontinence (UI) in community-dwelling older adults, and no information on any possible association in institutionalised older adults. Stage I of this project has the main objective of determining the prevalence of UI and its associated factors in nursing home (NH) residents, as well as analysing the association between UI (and its types) and SB. Stage II aims to investigate the incidence and predictive factors of functional and continence decline, falls, hospitalisations, mortality and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among NH residents.Methods and analysis Stage I is an observational, multicentre, cross-sectional study with mixed methodology that aims to explore the current status of several health-related outcomes in NH residents of Osona (Barcelona, Spain). The prevalence ratio will be used as an association measure and multivariate analysis will be undertaken using Poisson regression with robust variance. Stage II is a 2-year longitudinal study that aims to analyse functional and continence decline, incidence of falls, hospitalisations, mortality and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these outcomes. A survival analysis using the actuarial method for functional decline and continence, evaluated every 6 months, and the Kaplan-Meier method for falls, hospitalisations and deaths, and Cox regression for multivariate analysis will be undertaken.Ethics and dissemination The study received the following approvals: University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia Ethics and Research Committee (92/2019 and 109/2020), Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Osona Foundation for Health Research and Education (FORES) (code 2020118/PR249). Study results will be disseminated at conferences, meetings and through peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration number NCT04297904

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P &lt; 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Üniversite öğrencilerini hedef alan bilgisayar destekli bir öğretim uygulaması geliştirme

Öğrenme öğretme sürecini desteklemek üzere yıllar içinde birçok farklı çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Öğrenciler için zihinsel işlerle ilişkili olan algoritma ve programlamanın öğrenilmesi çoğu kez karmaşık ve zor olmuştur. Genelde bu zorlukları aşmak ve öğrencilerin daha iyi anlayabilmesini sağlamak için farklı metotlar ve eğitim araçları geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, öğrencilere algoritma ve programlamanın öğrenilmesine yardımcı ve eğitmenlerin de kendi öğretim süreçlerinde yardımcı olacak ve toplanacak veri ile esin kaynağı oluşturabilecek bir model tanıtılmaktadır. Bu öğrenici merkezli model için Algolyzer adı verilen bir eğitim aracı geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen yazılım aracı önceden tanımlanmış bir algoritmik problemin algoritmasını gerçekleştirerek çözümünün bulunmasına dayanmaktadır. Öğrenciler programalama dilinin sözdiziminden kaynaklanacak hata ve sorunlar ile karşılaşmadan görsel arayüzü kullanarak algoritmik basamakları oluşturabilirler. Aynı zamanda Algolyzer eğitim süreci içerisinde kavranamayan bölümlerle ilgili bilgi verdiği için, eğitmenler için yardımcı bir bileşendir. Sistemin öğrencilerin aktivitelerini kaydetmesi ile eğitmenler öğrencilerin daha fazla yardıma ihtiyaç duydukları ya da eksik kalan bölümleri hakkında detaylı bilgiye sahip olmaktadırlar. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Bilgisayar Mühendisliği ve Bilgisayar Programcılığı Bölümlerinde bu uygulama kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda öğrencilerin kullanım bigileri değerlendirilmiş ve elde edilen sonuçlar eğitmenlerle paylaşılmıştır. Model ve Algolyzer kullanıcılarına yönelik yapılan anketler ve alınan geri bildirimler öğrenme sürecine katkı sağladığını göstermektedir. Over the years, many various studies realized in education to support learning-teaching process. Learning algorithm and programming depending on mental concern is often complex and difficult to understand for students. In general, to overcome those difficulties and help students had better understand the subject several educational tools and methods have been developed. In this study, the introduced model assists students and instructors. Students can practice and assist themselves to learn algorithms and programming concepts. Instructors can use the tool during their teaching classes and get inspired by the data gathered. An educational tool named Algolyzer has been developed for this learner-centered model. Algolyzer depends on finding a solution to implement an algorithm for a predefined algorithmic problem. Students can create algorithmic steps using visual interface that students do not face with programming language syntax issues but only focus on the possible solutions. In addition to this, Algolyzer is also a helper utility for the instructors with giving information about the miscomprehension parts in the teaching process. Instructors can have detailed information on where students need more help, what are the lacking parts using the detailed logs of student activities. The students of Dokuz Eylül University Computer Engineering and Computer Programming Department have used Algolyzer. Usage data has been examined and evaluated at the end of the study and obtained results have been shared with the instructors. The surveys that targeted the users of Algolyzer and model and the feedbacks prove that support the learning process effectively