The role of green logistics for environmental issues in city transport road ecology: A review

The city from the ecological point of view represents the difficult habitat of the human including natural and anthropogenous subsystems. The first is made by the atmosphere, a lithosphere, the hydrosphere, and the biosphere, and the following subsystems enter into the second: production, town planning, and infrastructure. The degree of environmental friendliness of the city depends on a ratio of natural and anthropogenous subsystems. Currently, many ways and methods are being used to use green logistics to solve environmental issues. There are factors that can help with this: fuel, infrastructure, the aerodynamics of cars, and technology. In this literature review, green logistics in city transport road ecology is summarized as one of the main types of sources for solving environmental issues. Investigating the city ecology by factual consideration includes townplanning ecology. The difference between town-planning ecology the engineering is that a subject of discipline is not the separate enterprise, but territorial complexes and systems of the occupied places. Thus, territorial and town-planning environmental management is studied. From these positions, the town-planning ecology is the key to the planning-technical subject. Methods of achievement of ecologically optimum compromise between anthropogenous systems of different levels and environments are investigated in it

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis national reference laboratory services in the WHO European Region, March to November 2020.

We assessed the impact of COVID-19 on diagnostic services for tuberculosis (TB) by national reference laboratories in the WHO European Region. Of 35 laboratories, 30 reported declines in TB sample numbers, amounting up to > 50% of the pre-COVID-19 volumes. Sixteen reported reagent or consumable shortages. Nineteen reallocated ressources to SARS-CoV-2 testing, resulting in an overall increase in workload, largely without a concomitant increase in personnel (n = 14). This poses a risk to meeting the 2025 milestones of the End TB Strategy

MDR/XDR-TB management of patients and contacts: Challenges facing the new decade. The 2020 clinical update by the Global Tuberculosis Network.

The continuous flow of new research articles on MDR-TB diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation requires frequent update of existing guidelines. This review is aimed at providing clinicians and public health staff with an updated and easy-to-consult document arising from consensus of Global Tuberculosis Network (GTN) experts. The core published documents and guidelines have been reviewed, including the recently published MDR-TB WHO rapid advice and ATS/CDC/ERS/IDSA guidelines. After a rapid review of epidemiology and risk factors, the clinical priorities on MDR-TB diagnosis (including whole genome sequencing and drug-susceptibility testing interpretations) and treatment (treatment design and management, TB in children) are discussed. Furthermore, the review comprehensively describes the latest information on contact tracing and LTBI management in MDR-TB contacts, while providing guidance on post-treatment functional evaluation and rehabilitation of TB sequelae, infection control and other public health priorities

EVALUATION OF RISKS, ASSOCIATED WITH IRON ORE MINING IN KAZAKHSTAN

The major difficulty, associated with iron ore mining is the capacity planning problem, which arises from the fact that one can never know the total amount of ore, lying beneath the ground, with certainty. Geological predictions can give an estimate of that amount, but there is always a certain error in it. This project's goal is to model this error and determine how it affects mining companies financially

DISTRIBUTED GREEN POWER TOOLS

Distributed generation and green power are becoming important topics as world's supplies of coal and oil diminish. Many firms today use various software decision tools to help them analyze the possibility of getting distributed/green power facilities on site. This project looked at and analyzed the available software, evaluating strength and weaknesses of the available packages and applets. The project was mainly concerned in comparison between Internet-based and Excel-based tools and looked specifically at the open-source software

The role of green logistics for environmental issues in city transport road ecology: A review

The city from the ecological point of view represents the difficult habitat of the human including natural and anthropogenous subsystems. The first is made by the atmosphere, a lithosphere, the hydrosphere, and the biosphere, and the following subsystems enter into the second: production, town planning, and infrastructure. The degree of environmental friendliness of the city depends on a ratio of natural and anthropogenous subsystems. Currently, many ways and methods are being used to use green logistics to solve environmental issues. There are factors that can help with this: fuel, infrastructure, the aerodynamics of cars, and technology. In this literature review, green logistics in city transport road ecology is summarized as one of the main types of sources for solving environmental issues. Investigating the city ecology by factual consideration includes townplanning ecology. The difference between town-planning ecology the engineering is that a subject of discipline is not the separate enterprise, but territorial complexes and systems of the occupied places. Thus, territorial and town-planning environmental management is studied. From these positions, the town-planning ecology is the key to the planning-technical subject. Methods of achievement of ecologically optimum compromise between anthropogenous systems of different levels and environments are investigated in it

Early COVID-19 pandemic's toll on tuberculosis services, WHO European Region, January to June 2020

BackgroundEssential health services, including for tuberculosis (TB), are being affected by public health and social measures (PHSM) introduced to control COVID-19. In many settings, TB resources, facilities and equipment are being redirected towards COVID-19 response.AimWe sought to assess the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on TB services in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region.MethodsThe fifty-three European Region Member States were asked to report qualitative and quantitative data in quarter one and two (Q1 and Q2) 2020. TB notifications were triangulated with the severity score on domestic movement restrictions to assess how they may have influenced TB detection.ResultsTwenty-nine countries reported monthly TB notifications for the first half of 2019 and 2020. TB notifications decreased by 35.5% during Q2 2020 compared with Q2 2019, which is six-fold more than the average annual decrease of 5.1% documented during 2015-2019. The number of patients enrolled in rifampicin-resistant/multidrug-resistant TB treatment also decreased dramatically in Q2 2020, by 33.5%. The highest movement restriction severity score was observed between April and May 2020, which coincided with the highest observed decrease in TB notifications.ConclusionA decrease in TB detection and enrolment to treatment may cause increases in TB burden and threatens the Region's ability to reach the TB targets of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, still this might be mitigated with rapid restoration of TB services and the implementation of targeted interventions during periods with severe PHSM in place, such as those introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic

DataSheet1_Is line-source modeling suitable for ultraviolet light application in an air cleaner duct?.xlsx

Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) germicidal light can effectively inactivate airborne pathogens and mitigate the transmission of infectious diseases. As the application of UV-C for disinfection gains popularity, practical estimation of UV irradiance is essential in determining the UV fluence (dose) and designing tubular UV lamp configurations for indoor air treatment. It is generally understood that the inverse square (∼1/d2) law (i.e., irradiance is proportional to the inverse square of the distance) applies well to point light sources. However, there has been a recognition that the ∼1/d2 law does not work well for tubular light sources in the commonly defined near-field applications where the UV source is relatively close to the treated air. Therefore, practical near-field irradiation estimation is needed for designing portable air cleaners and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) ducts with built-in UV light bulbs. This research investigated UV-C light irradiance from tubular (L = 0.9 m) light bulbs at near distances inside an air cleaner prototype duct under three power output (1-, 4-, and 8-bulb) scenarios and conducted theoretical estimation based on a line-source irradiation model. Similarly sized visible fluorescent bulbs were used as a reference. The data were fitted on both ∼1/d2 and ∼1/d correlation of irradiance with distance. Both measured and line source estimated data fit better (i.e., evaluated by R-square, standard errors, root mean squared errors) with the ∼1/d than the ∼1/d2 relationship in the near distance. Although the differences between the measured and the modeled were observed, the pattern of light distribution generally follows an inverse relationship (∼1/d) with distances (d) shorter than two tubular bulb lengths (d < 2L). The pattern applies to both UV and visible light tested in this study. It is recommended that the inverse (∼1/d) correlation be used for near-distance estimation of light distribution, especially for disinfection purposes in air ducting for indoor air quality improvement and airborne disease mitigation.</p

Table1_Is line-source modeling suitable for ultraviolet light application in an air cleaner duct?.docx

Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) germicidal light can effectively inactivate airborne pathogens and mitigate the transmission of infectious diseases. As the application of UV-C for disinfection gains popularity, practical estimation of UV irradiance is essential in determining the UV fluence (dose) and designing tubular UV lamp configurations for indoor air treatment. It is generally understood that the inverse square (∼1/d2) law (i.e., irradiance is proportional to the inverse square of the distance) applies well to point light sources. However, there has been a recognition that the ∼1/d2 law does not work well for tubular light sources in the commonly defined near-field applications where the UV source is relatively close to the treated air. Therefore, practical near-field irradiation estimation is needed for designing portable air cleaners and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) ducts with built-in UV light bulbs. This research investigated UV-C light irradiance from tubular (L = 0.9 m) light bulbs at near distances inside an air cleaner prototype duct under three power output (1-, 4-, and 8-bulb) scenarios and conducted theoretical estimation based on a line-source irradiation model. Similarly sized visible fluorescent bulbs were used as a reference. The data were fitted on both ∼1/d2 and ∼1/d correlation of irradiance with distance. Both measured and line source estimated data fit better (i.e., evaluated by R-square, standard errors, root mean squared errors) with the ∼1/d than the ∼1/d2 relationship in the near distance. Although the differences between the measured and the modeled were observed, the pattern of light distribution generally follows an inverse relationship (∼1/d) with distances (d) shorter than two tubular bulb lengths (d < 2L). The pattern applies to both UV and visible light tested in this study. It is recommended that the inverse (∼1/d) correlation be used for near-distance estimation of light distribution, especially for disinfection purposes in air ducting for indoor air quality improvement and airborne disease mitigation.</p