Effects of Soil pH on the Shoot Growth of Several Grape Rootstocks, and Drought and Water Tolerances of Grapes as Affected by Different Rootstock-scion Combinations

1.鉢植えの3309,3306,101-14,5BB,SO・4,H.F,及び110Rの7種類の台木ついて,土壌pHを5段階(pH約5,6,7,8,9)に変え,その生長を調査した.3309,5BB及びH.F.台の生長は酸性区(pH約5)で最も抑制され,次いでアルカリ性区(pH約9)で劣った.3309台ではこれ以外の処理区には差がなかったが,5BBとH.F.の両台木では弱酸性区(pH約6)で最も優れた.これ以外の台木では処理区間に差がなかった. 2.G.M.,101-14,5BB,SO・4及び110R台に接いだ‘巨峰’,並びに3306,101-14,5C,8B及びSO・4台に接いだ‘藤稔’の鉢植え樹について,6月1日から約3週間土壌の乾燥処理を行った.耐乾性は,‘巨峰’では101-14台樹でやや強く,110Rと5BBの両台樹で弱かった.‘藤稔’ではSO・4台樹でやや強く,101-14台樹でやや弱かった.いずれの場合も個体間差が大きかった. 3.G.M.,101-14,5BB,SO・4及び110R台に接いだ‘巨峰’,並びに3306,101-14,5C,8B及びSO・4台に接いだ‘藤稔’の鉢植え樹について,6月1日から約5週間湛水処理を行った.耐湿性は,‘巨峰’ではSO・4台樹で最も強く,5BBと110Rの両台樹で著しく弱かった.‘藤稔’では101-14と5Cの両台樹で最も強く,次いで3306とSO・4の両台樹で優れ,8B台樹で劣ったが,いずれの台樹とも処理区による差は‘巨峰’よりも小さかった

In Silico Study of Rett Syndrome Treatment-Related Genes, MECP2, CDKL5, and FOXG1, by Evolutionary Classification and Disordered Region Assessment

Rett syndrome (RTT), a neurodevelopmental disorder, is mainly caused by mutations in methyl CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2), which has multiple functions such as binding to methylated DNA or interacting with a transcriptional co-repressor complex. It has been established that alterations in cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) or forkhead box protein G1 (FOXG1) correspond to distinct neurodevelopmental disorders, given that a series of studies have indicated that RTT is also caused by alterations in either one of these genes. We investigated the evolution and molecular features of MeCP2, CDKL5, and FOXG1 and their binding partners using phylogenetic profiling to gain a better understanding of their similarities. We also predicted the structural order–disorder propensity and assessed the evolutionary rates per site of MeCP2, CDKL5, and FOXG1 to investigate the relationships between disordered structure and other related properties with RTT. Here, we provide insight to the structural characteristics, evolution and interaction landscapes of those three proteins. We also uncovered the disordered structure properties and evolution of those proteins which may provide valuable information for the development of therapeutic strategies of RTT

Cognitive function among hemodialysis patients in Japan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Over 290,000 patients are undergoing hemodialysis (HD) in Japan. With old age, the odds of undergoing HD treatment sharply increase, as does the prevalence of cognitive impairment. The aim of the present work was to assess cognitive impairment in HD patients and its relation to clinical characteristics.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using a cross-sectional design, we administered the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to 154 HD outpatients and 852 participants from the Iwaki Health Promotion Project 2010, representing the general population.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The prevalence of cognitive impairment based on the MMSE was 18.8% in HD patients. HD patients showed a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment in older groups (50 years and older). In a logistic regression model with age, gender and amount of education as covariates, undergoing HD was a significant independent factor (OR = 2.28, 95% CI 1.33 to 3.94) associated with a lower MMSE score. Among HD patients, we found that level of education was associated with MMSE score.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>There is a high prevalence of cognitive impairment among HD patients that has adverse implications for hospitalization and shortens their life expectancy. HD treatment was an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. Clinicians should carefully monitor and treat cognitive impairment in HD patients. Further studies are required to determine the reasons for cognitive impairment in HD patients.</p

Forming Different Planetary Systems

With the increasing number of detected exoplanet samples, the statistical properties of planetary systems have become much clearer. In this review, we summarize the major statistics that have been revealed mainly by radial velocity and transiting observations, and try to interpret them within the scope of the classical core-accretion scenario of planet formation, especially in the formation of different orbital architectures for planetary systems around main sequence stars. Based on the different possible formation routes for different planet systems, we tentatively classify them into three major catalogs: hot Jupiter systems, standard systems and distant giant planet systems. The standard system can be further categorized into three sub-types under different circumstances: solar-like systems, hot Super-Earth systems, sub-giant planet systems. We also review the planet detection and formation in binary systems as well as planets in star clusters.Comment: 27 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, published in "Research in Astron. Astrophysics." 2012, 12,108

Microscopic approach to current-driven domain wall dynamics

This review describes in detail the essential techniques used in microscopic theories on spintronics. We have investigated the domain wall dynamics induced by electric current based on the $s$-$d$ exchange model. The domain wall is treated as rigid and planar and is described by two collective coordinates: the position and angle of wall magnetization. The effect of conduction electrons on the domain wall dynamics is calculated in the case of slowly varying spin structure (close to the adiabatic limit) by use of a gauge transformation. The spin-transfer torque and force on the wall are expressed by Feynman diagrams and calculated systematically using non-equilibrium Green's functions, treating electrons fully quantum mechanically. The wall dynamics is discussed based on two coupled equations of motion derived for two collective coordinates. The force is related to electron transport properties, resistivity, and the Hall effect. Effect of conduction electron spin relaxation on the torque and wall dynamics is also studied.Comment: manucript accepted to Phys. Re

Translocation and Distribution of 13C-photosynthates in 'Fujiminori' Grapevines as Influenced by Different Rootstocks

3309,3306,101-14,5BB,5C,8B,SO・4および420Aの計8種類の台木に接いだコンテナ植えのブドウ'藤稔'4年生樹(但し,5BB台は2年生樹)について,果実の肥大と品質を調査した,果実肥大は5BB,3306,420Aなどの台樹で優れ,8B,SO・4,101-14の各台樹で劣った.果汁の糖含量は8B台樹で最も多く,次いで5BB,SO・4,3306などの台樹で最も少なかった.果皮のアントシアニン含量は5C,3306,8Bの各台樹で多く,SO・4,3309などの台樹がこれに次ぎ,101-14台樹で著しく少なかった. 3306,101-14,5BBおよびSO・4台樹を供試し,成熟開始期と成熟期に13CO2を取り込ませ,その転流と分配を比較した.いずれの処理時期においても,果実への13Cの転流は3306台樹で最も多く,次いで5BBとSO・4の両台樹で優れたのに対し,101-14台樹では最も少なく,とくに成熟期処理で著しく少なかった.処理終了後120時間目における果実1個当たりの13C含量は,両時期とも3306台樹が101-14台樹の3倍以上であった.13Cの果実への分配率は,成熟開始期処理では3306と5BBの両台樹,成熟期処理ではSO・4台樹で高く,一方101-14台樹では両時期とも最も低かった.しかし,各台樹いずれの処理時期においても,果実への分配率が30%以下であったのに対し,幹と根への分配率は50%以上であった. 以上のことから'藤稔'果実の肥大や品質の台木による違いには,成熟開始期以降の光合成産物の転流と分配が密接に関係していることが考えられた