Very high-energy gamma-ray signature of ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray acceleration in Centaurus A

The association of at least a dozen ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR) events with energy $\gtrsim 55$ EeV detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) from the direction of Centaurus-A, the nearest radio galaxy, supports the scenario of UHECR acceleration in the jets of radio galaxies. In this work, we model radio to very high energy (VHE,$\gtrsim 100$ \rm GeV) $\gamma$-ray emission from Cen A, including GeV hardness detected by Fermi-LAT and TeV emission detected by HESS. We consider two scenarios: (i) Two zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) and external-Compton (EC) models, (ii) Two zone SSC, EC and photo-hadronic emission from cosmic ray interactions. The GeV hardness observed by Fermi-LAT can be explained using these two scenarios, where zone 2 EC emission is very important. Hadronic emission in scenario (ii) can explain VHE data with the same spectral slope as obtained through fitting UHECRs from Cen A. The peak luminosity in cosmic ray proton at 1 TeV, to explain the VHE $\gamma$-ray data is $\approx 2.5 \times 10^{46}$ erg/s. The bolometric luminosity in cosmic ray protons is consistent with the luminosity required to explain the origin of 13 UHECR signal events that are correlated with Cen A.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRASL, Comments welcom

Consumers’ Behaviors and Attitudes toward Doggy Bags: Identifying Barriers and Benefits to Promoting Behavior Change

This study identifies barriers and benefits of consumers’ current doggy bag behaviors and provides the information required to run an effective community-based social marketing campaign encouraging consumers to take their uneaten restaurant and café food home. This is done by applying a two-stage methodology, including quantitatively analyzing existing survey data and qualitatively investigating focus group discussion. Multiple barriers to widespread doggy bag participation were common and varied for different individuals and included both convenience and social stigma-related factors. The rational appeal of “saving money” was found to be the most effective motivator for encouraging doggy bag usage, especially for women, young people, students/unemployed, and low-income earners. Social marketing strategies and behavior change tools can be developed to remove the barriers and enhance the benefits of using doggy bags, such as developing positive social norms around using doggy bags and highlighting the financial incentive of using them. This research contributes to a limited but growing literature on out-of-home food waste and provides practicable insights for both public policy and for the food service sector for future initiatives aiming to reduce food waste

Affine 7-brane Backgrounds and Five-Dimensional ENE_N Theories on S1S^1

Elliptic curves for the 7-brane configurations realizing the affine Lie algebras \wh E_n $(1 \leq n \leq 8)$ and \wh{\wt E}_n $(n=0,1)$ are systematically derived from the cubic equation for a rational elliptic surface. It is then shown that the \wh E_n 7-branes describe the discriminant locus of the elliptic curves for five-dimensional (5D) N=1 $E_n$ theories compactified on a circle. This is in accordance with a recent construction of 5D N=1 $E_n$ theories on the IIB 5-brane web with 7-branes, and indicates the validity of the D3 probe picture for 5D $E_n$ theories on \bR^4 \times S^1. Using the \wh E_n curves we also study the compactification of 5D $E_n$ theories to four dimensions.Comment: 23 pages, Latex, no figures, some statements clarified, typos corrected, references and note adde

The market efficiency in the stock markets

We study the temporal evolution of the market efficiency in the stock markets using the complexity, entropy density, standard deviation, autocorrelation function, and probability distribution of the log return for Standard and Poor's 500 (S&P 500), Nikkei stock average index, and Korean composition stock price index (KOSPI). Based on the microscopic spin model, we also find that these statistical quantities in stock markets depend on the market efficiency.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Mordell-Weil Lattice via String Junctions

We analyze the structure of singularities, Mordell-Weil lattices and torsions of a rational elliptic surface using string junctions in the background of 12 7-branes. The classification of the Mordell-Weil lattices due to Oguiso-Shioda is reproduced in terms of the junction lattice. In this analysis an important role played by the global structure of the surface is observed. It is then found that the torsions in the Mordell-Weil group are generated by the fraction of loop junctions which represent the imaginary roots of the loop algebra $\hat E_9$. From the structure of the Mordell-Weil lattice we find 7-brane configurations which support non-BPS junctions carrying conserved Abelian charges.Comment: 35 pages, Latex, 3 figure

Analysis on the Filament Structure Evolution in Reset Transition of Cu/HfO2/Pt RRAM Device

The resistive switching (RS) process of resistive random access memory (RRAM) is dynamically correlated with the evolution process of conductive path or conductive filament (CF) during its breakdown (rupture) and recovery (reformation). In this study, a statistical evaluation method is developed to analyze the filament structure evolution process in the reset operation of Cu/HfO₂/Pt RRAM device. This method is based on a specific functional relationship between the Weibull slopes of reset parameters' distributions and the CF resistance (R on). The CF of the Cu/HfO₂/Pt device is demonstrated to be ruptured abruptly, and the CF structure of the device has completely degraded in the reset point. Since no intermediate states are generated in the abrupt reset process, it is quite favorable for the reliable and stable one-bit operation in RRAM device. Finally, on the basis of the cell-based analytical thermal dissolution model, a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is implemented to further verify the experimental results. This work provides inspiration for RRAM reliability and performance design to put RRAM into practical application