Upper Palaeolithic settlements in Buran-Kaya 3 (Crimea, Ukraine): new interdisciplinary researches of the layers 5-2, 6-1 and 6-2

Грот Буран Кая 3 (Крым, Украина) содержит уникальную стратиграфию литологических и культурных отложений, включающую индустрии среднего и верхнего палеолита. В частности, в слоях 5-2, 6-1, и 6-2 был обнаружен кремневый и костяной инвентарь, относящийся к эпиграветту. Эти же слои содержат многочисленные фаунистические остатки, а также антропологический материал. В данной статье публикуются некоторые результаты междисциплинарных исследований: техникотипологический анализ кремневого и костяного инвентаря; зооархеологическое изучение останков крупных млекопитающих; исследование технологии нанесения орнамента на кости; анализ палеоантропологических материалов. На основании полученных данных предлагается функциональная интерпретация стоянки, а также производится сравнение культурных характеристик эпиграветта Буран Каи 3 и памятников соседних территорий

Upper Palaeolithic settlements in Buran-Kaya 3 (Crimea, Ukraine): new interdisciplinary researches of the layers 5-2, 6-1 and 6-2

Грот Буран Кая 3 (Крым, Украина) содержит уникальную стратиграфию литологических и культурных отложений, включающую индустрии среднего и верхнего палеолита. В частности, в слоях 5-2, 6-1, и 6-2 был обнаружен кремневый и костяной инвентарь, относящийся к эпиграветту. Эти же слои содержат многочисленные фаунистические остатки, а также антропологический материал. В данной статье публикуются некоторые результаты междисциплинарных исследований: техникотипологический анализ кремневого и костяного инвентаря; зооархеологическое изучение останков крупных млекопитающих; исследование технологии нанесения орнамента на кости; анализ палеоантропологических материалов. На основании полученных данных предлагается функциональная интерпретация стоянки, а также производится сравнение культурных характеристик эпиграветта Буран Каи 3 и памятников соседних территорий

Исследование зависимости интерференционных помех в системах широкополосного доступа по сети электропроводки от длины линии

Дана стаття присвячена дослідженню інтерференційних завад в СП (системі передачі) BPL, які виникають при роботі по вітчизняним мережам електропроводки. Наведені і проаналізовані результати розрахунків залежності інтерференційних завад в СП BPL від довжини проводу типу ППВ, а також від моменту часу початку обробки сигналу в приймачі.This article is dedicated to research of harmful interference in BPL TS (transmittion system), that appears when TS works on domestic electrical networks. Given and analyzed calculation results of dependance of harmful interference in BPL TS from length of the wire type PPV and from the time moment and the number of start the signal processing in the receiver.Данная статья посвящена исследованию интерференционных помех в СП (системе передачи) BPL, возникающих при работе по отечественным сетям электропроводки. Приведены и проанализированы результаты расчетов зависимости интерференционных помех в СП BPL от длины провода типа ППВ, а также от момента времени начала обработки сигнала в приемнике

Характеристики широкополосного доступа по сети домовой электропроводки

В статті досліджується телекомунікаційна технологія PLC (Power Line Communication). Запропонована методика розрахунку частотних характеристик телекомунікаційного каналу, сформованого на базі мережу будинкової електропроводки. Розраховані інтерференційні завади у СП (система передавання) PLC і швидкість передавання даних, що може бути досягнута за різних умов.The telecommunication technology PLC (Power Line Communication) is researched in given article. The method of calculation of frequency characteristics of telecommunication channel formed on base of building electric wiring network is proposed. The interference in PLC TS (transmission system) and achieved by PLC TS data transmission rate are calculated for typical network fragment under the different conditions.В статье исследуется телекоммуникационная технология PLC (Power Line Communication). Предложена методика расчета частотных характеристик канала связи, сформированного на базе сети домовой электропроводки. Рассчитаны интерференционные помехи в СП (система передачи) PLC и скорость передачи данных, которая может быть достигнута при различных условиях

Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe

Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local European wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution from the Near East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained mtDNA sequences from 2,099 modern and ancient pig samples and 63 nuclear ancient genomes from Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses revealed that European domestic pigs dating from 7,100 to 6,000 y BP possessed both Near Eastern and European nuclear ancestry, while later pigs possessed no more than 4% Near Eastern ancestry, indicating that gene flow from European wild boars resulted in a near-complete disappearance of Near East ancestry. In addition, we demonstrate that a variant at a locus encoding black coat color likely originated in the Near East and persisted in European pigs. Altogether, our results indicate that while pigs were not independently domesticated in Europe, the vast majority of human-mediated selection over the past 5,000 y focused on the genomic fraction derived from the European wild boars, and not on the fraction that was selected by early Neolithic farmers over the first 2,500 y of the domestication process

Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe

Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ~10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ~8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local Euro-pean wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic con-tribution from the Near East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained mtDNA sequences from 2,099 modern and ancient pig samples and 63 nuclear ancient genomes from Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses revealed that European domestic pigs dating from 7,100 to 6,000 y BP possessed both Near Eastern and European nuclear ancestry, while later pigs possessed no more than 4% Near Eastern ancestry, indicating that gene flow from European wild boars resulted in a near-complete disappearance of Near East ancestry. In addition, we demonstrate that a variant at a locus encoding black coat color likely originated in the Near East and persisted in European pigs. Altogether, our results indicate that while pigs were not independently domesticated in Europe, the vast majority of human-mediated selection over the past 5,000 y focused on the genomic fraction derived from the European wild boars, and not on the fraction that was selected by early Neolithic farmers over the first 2,500 y of the domestication process

THE NEOLITHIC OF THE MOUNTAINOUS CRIMEA

This volume contains the majority of the papers presented during a conference that took place on 16th-21st May, 1997 in Łódź, Poland. The conference was organized by the Institute of Archaeology, University of Łódź and Département d'anthropologie, Université de Montreal (Canada). The conference was funded by the University of Łódź and by IREX (International Research & Exchanges Board), which also supported this publication. The publication was partly founded by the University of Łódź and by the Foundation of Adam Mickiewicz University, too. The major questions of the conference were, 1) what is the current evidence for eastern or southern influences in the development of eastern European Mesolithic and Neolithic populations, and 2) to what extent are current political trends, especially the reassertion or, in some cases, the creation of ethnic and national identities, influencing our interpretations of the prehistoric data. The idea for such a conference came into being through the co-organizers' long-term studies of the development of those prehistoric human populations which inhabited the vast region stretching north and east from the Oder river and Carpathian Mountains to the foothills of the Urals. In a tradition established in modern times by Gordon Childe, virtually all of the transformations of Eastern Europe's Neolithic Age human landscape have been assumed to be responses to prior developments in the Balkan peninsula and Danube basin. We think that a body of new evidence requires a renewed analysis of the distributions of cultural products, peoples, and ideas across Eastern Europe during the Mesolithic through the Early Metal Age within a much wider geographic context than previously has been the case. This includes giving adequate attention to the far-ranging interactions of communities between the Pontic and Baltic area with those located in both the Caucasus and the Aralo-Caspian regions. We hope that this volume will contribute to such a redirection of future analyses

Modeling the Wetting of Titanium Dioxide and Steel Substrate in Water-borne Paint and Varnish Materials in the Presence of Surfactants

This paper reports the results of studying the effect of two additives such as polyether siloxane (PS) and sodium polyacrylate (SPA) on the wetting of various substrates in water-borne paints (WB paints). Titanium dioxide (TiO2), paraffin (PA), steel (ST), and glass (GL) were used as solid substrates. The edge wetting angle (θ0) and the ratio (dCosθ/dСS) were used as the criterion for assessing the wettability of solid substrates. In aqueous solutions (without acrylic resin), both surfactants improve the wetting of the substrates. For PS, all the substrates studied, depending on θ depression, can be arranged in a row: ST>PA>GL>TiO2. For SPA: PA>TiO2>GL>ST. The introduction of an acrylic film-forming agent in the composition enhances the wetting ability of SPA (in comparison with the aqueous solution of surfactants). With an increase in the concentration of SPA from 0 to 4 g/dm3 in acrylic resin solutions, the edge wetting angle of steel decreases by 6÷8° (while in water by only 3°). With respect to TiO2, the wetting activity of SPA does not depend on the acrylic content of the water. PS in acrylic-containing compositions exhibits worse wetting activity than SPA. The introduction of surfactants in the compositions improves the quality of coatings. With optimal SPA contents in the compositions, the corrosion rate of coatings is reduced (in distilled water by 45 %, in 60 % NaCl solution by 60 %). At the same time, the gloss of coatings increases by 50 % while adhesion increases by 2 points (according to ISO 11845: 2020). This is fully correlated with the nature of the effect of surfactants on the wetting of the steel substrate and pigment (titanium dioxide). Based on probabilistic-deterministic planning, the compositions of WB paints were optimized, ensuring their maximum wetting of TiO2 and ST. Equations for calculating cosθ depending on the content of acrylic polymer and surfactants have been derive