But That\u27s Where My Books Are! : Adults Who Read Young Adult Literature

This narrative instrumental case study seeks to understand why adults (age 30+) read young adult literature (YAL) and how adults engage with the genre. Additionally, this study seeks to interpret how the genre influences adult identities. Though YAL is typically written by adults for adolescents age 12-18 (Cart, 2008; Cole, 2009), the adult readers in this study preferred reading YAL more than other genres of literature. Using both reader response theory and socio-emotional conceptualizations of reading engagement and identity as theoretical and analytical frameworks, the aim of this study is to understand why adult participants preferred this genre, and what, if anything, they gained from reading YAL. Specifically seeking to understand: ● What are the rationales adults (age 30+) provide for reading YAL? ● In what ways do adults (age 30+) engage with YAL?● How does the genre of YAL influence adult reader identities? This qualitative study draws on both narrative inquiry (Clandinin & Connelly, 2000) and instrumental case study (Stake, 2006), and employs adult participants’ narratives about their experiences reading YAL to elaborate on the greater phenomenon of adults who read YAL for pleasure. The findings of this study suggest the adults engage with YAL through characters, situations, and worlds, utilizing YAL as a simulation tool to insert themselves into the given worlds or situations presented in YAL texts. Additionally, adults in this study cited YAL texts they read as influential on their behaviors, actions, feelings, and intentions, which is indicative of the dynamic, socially constructed nature of identity, rather than a developmental or essentialized construct of identity as the literature purports

The Switch from NF-YAl to NF-YAs Isoform Impairs Myotubes Formation

NF-YA, the regulatory subunit of the trimeric transcription factor (TF) NF-Y, is regulated by alternative splicing (AS) generating two major isoforms, "long" (NF-YAl) and "short" (NF-YAs). Muscle cells express NF-YAl. We ablated exon 3 in mouse C2C12 cells by a four-guide CRISPR/Cas9n strategy, obtaining clones expressing exclusively NF-YAs (C2-YAl-KO). C2-YAl-KO cells grow normally, but are unable to differentiate. Myogenin and-to a lesser extent, MyoD- levels are substantially lower in C2-YAl-KO, before and after differentiation. Expression of the fusogenic Myomaker and Myomixer genes, crucial for the early phases of the process, is not induced. Myomaker and Myomixer promoters are bound by MyoD and Myogenin, and Myogenin overexpression induces their expression in C2-YAl-KO. NF-Y inactivation reduces MyoD and Myogenin, but not directly: the Myogenin promoter is CCAAT-less, and the canonical CCAAT of the MyoD promoter is not bound by NF-Y in vivo. We propose that NF-YAl, but not NF-YAs, maintains muscle commitment by indirectly regulating Myogenin and MyoD expression in C2C12 cells. These experiments are the first genetic evidence that the two NF-YA isoforms have functionally distinct roles

Just What You’re Looking For

Overview: Death is inevitable. It’s something that we are all going to experience at some point in our lives, and it’s all just a matter of when. Many people find death to be too abstract and frightening to contemplate, so it becomes an idea that is displaced to back of their minds to deal with later. For some people that later time comes before they know it. It comes before they are able to grasp the idea of what death is and therefore cannot understand it. Or it can come unexpectedly and without planning. Feeling alone, sad, angry, and miserable, the person left is without any ways to deal with the incident. That person could be twelve years old. According to the website, Grief Watch, “ …around one in ten adolescents between the ages of ten and eighteen [have] experienced the loss of a close loved one” (n.p.). These children and young adults may have lost a grandparent, parent, aunt, uncle, or a friend. How do children specifically deal with a loss? One tool is young adult literature, also known as YAL. YAL is geared towards adolescents and intended to relate to their young lives. It includes many obstacles that young adults are facing today such as death. One young adult novel that teens can relate to is, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian by Sherman Alexie. The main character, Junior, experiences several challenges of living on a reservation while going to a nearby white public school. He overcomes the death of his honorable grandmother, close family friend, and beloved sister. In another novel, Looking for Alaska by John Green, a group of students at a boarding school look for answers for the death of a close friend. Both novels include relatable characters that adolescents can look to for ways to cope with their own loss. By looking at these two novels, we can see that coping with death is a challenge for adolescents, which most people don’t see; this is important because adolescents can use young adult literature to grieve in a positive way. Young adult literature is written for the interest of adolescents by relating to their lives through the characters, their hardships, interests, and culture. Dr. Jonathon Ostenson, a proponent of YAL claims, “Young adult literature is most succinctly defined by Bucher and Hinton (2010) as a work of any genre that, ‘provides a unique adolescent point of view, and reflects the concerns, interests, and challenges of young adults’” (n.p.). Thus, YAL is written to reflect the lives of young adults. Accordingly, when children can relate to what they are reading, then the novel and story becomes of interest to them. This is imperative for teens who dislike reading. Yet, when they read YAL, it becomes a tool that can be used for development. In Lorna Collier’s article, “YA Literature-Where Teens Find Themselves” she writes, “ YA lit is an invaluable resource in today’s English classrooms, engaging students with relevant topics, relatable characters, and accessible language” (6). This is because young adult literature is a relatively new category of literature that reflects the lives of children today more than the classics that are required of many students to read. Specifically, it is more suitable in their lives than reading about challenges that young adults faced in a time that is irrelevant to the 21st century. Thus, adolescents can learn as much, if not more, from YAL than other resources available to them

Dysregulation of NF–Y splicing drives metabolic rewiring and aggressiveness in colon cancer

NF-Y is an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor that binds specifically to the CCAAT elements of eukaryotic genes, most of which frequently deregulated in cancer. NF-YA, the regulatory subunit of the NF-Y complex, has two isoforms generated by alternative splicing, NF-YAl and NF-YAs, which differ in the transactivation domain. Transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database highlighted a significant increase in the expression of NF-YAs at the expense of NF-YAl in colorectal cancer (CRC), compared to healthy tissues. Despite this, high NF-YAl levels predict lower patients’ survival and distinguish the mesenchymal molecular subtype CMS4, which is characterized by the worst prognosis. Through the analysis of 3D cellular models, we demonstrated that altered expression of genes related to extracellular matrix and epithelial-mesenchymal transition sustains enhanced migratory and invasive behavior of NF-YAl-transduced cells. Moreover, the integration of metabolomics, bioenergetics and transcriptional analyses demonstrated a direct role for NFYAl in metabolic flexibility of cancer cells that adjust their metabolism in response to environmental changes to potentiate migration. The zebrafish xenograft model confirmed the metastatic potential triggered by NF-YAl in CRC cells. Altogether, our data highlight the transcriptional role of NF-YAl in CRC aggressiveness and suggest splice-switching strategies to hinder NF-YAl-induced metastatic dissemination

Book Challenges and Bannings: Young Adult Literature Censorship in Yakima County Secondary Schools

Even though young adult literature (YAL) is known to reflect current issues and have few boundaries, it is challenged and banned on an almost-daily basis. Using data from the American Library Association and primary research from Yakima, Washington, this article explores YAL censorship trends on nationwide, statewide, and countywide levels

Relating to students through young adult literature

No passionate reader, or lifetime reader, goes around reading books that they hate. They are what they enjoy. No single book can meet the individual likes and dislikes of each student. So why can students not read what they choose, and still learn? Based on the works of Donald Gallo, an interview with Jennifer Bueler, and the writers own personal experience with children and literacy, strictly as giving students choice in what they read. Choosing and evaluating books is part of reading, and it is part of teaching reading. Young Adult Literature (YAL) should not be excluded from student choice, it should encourage, especially among students who are struggling with reading, or finding enjoyment in reading. YAL is a great way to teach students many important aspects of reading, including character development, imagery, poetic language, citing text, plot development, irony, philosophical issues and much more. YAL deals with issues as relevant as rape, race, The Holocaust, justice, coming of age, personal growth and more. With YAL teachers are able to teach both important English concepts and instill genuine appreciation for literature

Implementasi Fpga Untuk Sistem Spread-spectrum Dan Analisa Simulasi Kanal Multipath Menggunakan Code Pn Gold

Dengan berkembangnya teknologi IC terprogram yang semakin canggih dan modern seperti FPGA, FPAA dan yang lainnya, maka dibuat suatu modul sistem spread-spektrum dengan FPGA sebagai implementatornya. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan rancang bangun sistem spread spectrum dan simulasi kanal multipath berbasis FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), sebagai kode acak semu dipilih jenis kode Gold. Untuk melihat kinerja sistem tersebut dilakukan uji coba dan pengukuran hasil terhadap pengaturan penundaan (delay) pada lintasan jamaknya. Dari hasil percobaan yang dilakukan sifat kanal frekwensi selektif muncul saat rms delay spreadnya 215,723 nS dengan time symbol 125 nS, perbedaan yang agak jauh dikarenakan keterbatasan pembuatan delay dalam skala kecil. Modul peralatan yang dibuat dapat digunakan sebagai simulasi secara hardware untuk membantu praktikum spread- spectrum, dimana untuk melihat sin yal-sinyal spreading-despreading, sin yal-sin yal PN serta simulasi sederhana kanal multipath.spread spectru

The Use of Diverse Young Adult Literature in High School Classrooms

Although young adult literature (abbreviated YAL) is increasing in popularity, its benefits in the classroom are lacking in research, particularly in large-scale studies featuring both qualitative and quantitative data. Furthermore, as our world continues to become more diverse, students can not only connect with characters like themselves but also learn to appreciate others from diverse backgrounds through reading YAL texts, which are proven to increase students’ engagement with texts. To better analyze if young adult literature is being used in secondary English Language Arts classrooms and how frequently the various facets of diversity are being considered when choosing texts for the curriculum, a sample of high school English teachers were surveyed on their use and perceptions of YAL in the classroom. Results of this study remain consistent with those similar to it and conclude that, while there is a strong interest in incorporating more YAL into the curriculum, there are many different factors that limit its inclusion into the classroom including lack of funding, desire to teach from the literary canon, and feeling limited by the Common Core State Standards

Violence in YAL with special emphasis on contemporary Macedonian YAL

In this paper, we focus on contemporary Macedonian literature for young people, in particular of one of its segment, and it is the presence of violence and violent scenes in the works designed for this audience. Theorists of this literature, popularly called YAL, not circumvent these issues, just like writers who write books intended for adolescents. This topic will be discussed by explicit examples that will be taken of contemporary literature for young people, in order from one side to indicate their presence, and the need to write freely on the subject, and on the other hand to help young people who are experiencing these problems. The analysis will show that in most cases, the cause of the young sometimes turning to violence or themselves been victims of violence are shifting family values, or lack / absence of the family, a family member, usually a parent, neglect by parents and their preoccupation with work

Conceptualizing Identity as Performance in Young Adult Dystopian Literature

Young Adult Literature has historically been read as a genre that encourages singular identity formation. Scholars have argued that this literature inspires young adult readers to find their true identity by showcasing characters in the process of identity construction. However, when read through the lens of performance theory - a vast field that encompasses many disciplines such as sociology, psychology, anthropology, literature and theatre - it becomes evident that YAL actually encourages the formation of multiple roles and identities. This genre features characters trying on new roles, casting assigned roles aside, and assuming new identities to best suit their settings. As such, this project focused on identity formation as performance in YAL dystopian literature and the impact this has on the subgenre, real young adults, and its part in the current crossover trend. YAL is currently aggressively performative, but it has always been thus. In order to examine this trait this project used texts that have been written over the past 30 years such as: The Giver, The House of the Scorpion, Catching Fire, Mockingjay, and Little Brother. It is apparent in all of these dystopian tests that multiple identity performance is an inherent trait of the genre - and always has been. Many YAL text feature characters in the throes of identity formation who assume different roles in order to gain control of their strictly controlled environments. This notion is particularly important for adolescents to recognize because once these young people realize that identity is a performance, performance that allows adolescents to assume power in their lives, they can become comfortable in their own real settings. Young adults are then able to transition into the many roles that await them in the adult world more effectively. This project draws upon theories written by performance theorists such as: Bertolt Brecht, Erving Goffman, Richard Schechner (and others) and also applies current scholarly readings to these YAL dystopian texts in order to argue that YAL does and has always encouraged the formation of multiple identities and roles