Morphological characterization of pearl millet hybrids [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] and their parents

The present study was undertaken to characterize pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] hybrids and their parents on the basis of morphological descriptors with the objective to identify key diagnostic characters of the genotypes. A set of 24 pearl millet genotypes (7 hybrids and their 17 parental lines) was evaluated in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications at two locations, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCS HAU) Hisar and Regional Research Station (RRS) Bawal (Rewari) under irrigated and rainfed conditions, respectively, during kharif, 2011. Observations were recorded for 28 morphological and yield characters. All genotypes were classified into different groups based on each character. Nodal pubescence, nodal pigmentation, spike shape, spike density, spike tip sterility, sheath pubescence and spikelet glum colour distinguished all the 24 genotypes by assigning them key diagnostic features that would certainly help the plant breeders, seed growers and seed certification agencies to use these diagnostic characters. Hybrids HHB 216, HHB 226, HHB 117 could be differentiated by bristle length, spikelet glume colour and spike tip sterility. Majority of the morphological characters found to be dominant in the hybrids were contributed by the male parent

Effects of acute cannabidiol on behavior and the endocannabinoid system in HIV-1 Tat transgenic female and male mice

Background: Some evidence suggests that cannabidiol (CBD) has potential to help alleviate HIV symptoms due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Here we examined acute CBD effects on various behaviors and the endocannabinoid system in HIV Tat transgenic mice. Methods: Tat transgenic mice (female/male) were injected with CBD (3, 10, 30 mg/kg) and assessed for antinociception, activity, coordination, anxiety-like behavior, and recognition memory. Brains were taken to quantify endocannabinoids, cannabinoid receptors, and cannabinoid catabolic enzymes. Additionally, CBD and metabolite 7-hydroxy-CBD were quantified in the plasma and cortex. Results: Tat decreased supraspinal-related nociception and locomotion. CBD and sex had little to no effects on any of the behavioral measures. For the endocannabinoid system male sex was associated with elevated concentration of the proinflammatory metabolite arachidonic acid in various CNS regions, including the cerebellum that also showed higher FAAH expression levels for Tat(+) males. GPR55 expression levels in the striatum and cerebellum were higher for females compared to males. CBD metabolism was altered by sex and Tat expression. Conclusion: Findings indicate that acute CBD effects are not altered by HIV Tat, and acute CBD has no to minimal effects on behavior and the endocannabinoid system

Open data from the third observing run of LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO

The global network of gravitational-wave observatories now includes five detectors, namely LIGO Hanford, LIGO Livingston, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO 600. These detectors collected data during their third observing run, O3, composed of three phases: O3a starting in 2019 April and lasting six months, O3b starting in 2019 November and lasting five months, and O3GK starting in 2020 April and lasting two weeks. In this paper we describe these data and various other science products that can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at https://gwosc.org. The main data set, consisting of the gravitational-wave strain time series that contains the astrophysical signals, is released together with supporting data useful for their analysis and documentation, tutorials, as well as analysis software packages

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Not AvailableHuman exploitation of earth’s resources is leading to new problems day by day and hence newer methods are devised to overcome the same. The long-term goal of crop improvement for abiotic stress tolerance in plants is a traditional objective of breeders. World population is expected to increase by 1.8 billion as of 2030 and by 2.5 billion as of 2050, reaching 9.2 billion. By 2030 food demand is expected to increase by 50 percent because of continued population growth and higher incomes (www.popcouncil. org). If global population reaches 9.1 billion by 2050, the FAO says that world food production will need to rise by 70 per cent, and food production in the developing world will need to double. On the other hand food productivity is decreasing due to the effect of various abiotic stresses; therefore minimizing these losses is a major area of concern for all nations to cope with the increasing food requirements. However, abiotic stresses and climate change are becoming increasingly serious threats to crop production worldwide at a time when food staple supply will need to be significantly higher to meet the demand of the growing human population. Drought is the main abiotic factor followed by soil salinity. Now-a-days, agriculture has new huge challenges due to population growth, the pressure on agriculture liability on the environmental conservation, and climate change. To cope with these new challenges, many plant breeding programs have reoriented their breeding scope to stress tolerance in the last years. One such case is breeding for abiotic stress, utilizing even non arable land, to feed the ever increasing population. Research is the key to meeting the challenges of modern agriculture in a sustainable and positive fashion. So, in this chapter, emphasis has been given on importance of abiotic stresses specially on drought and salinity, sources of abiotic stress tolerance, genetics of abiotic stress tolerance, plant breeding presents the conventional (selection and introduction, pedigree method, modified bulk pedigree method, shuttle breeding, mutation breeding, diallele selective mating system supplemented by MAS, back cross method and recurrent selection), and most recent advances and discoveries (somaclonal approach, F1 anther culture, marker assisted selection and genetically modified crop) applied to abiotic stresses, discussing the breeding methods, and modern molecular biological approaches to develop improved cultivars tolerant to most sorts of abiotic stresses. In this chapter more discussed about successful example of conventional breeding methods and non conventional methods because the breeding procedure of each breeding methods is not possible in one chapter.Not Availabl

Biochemical differences among some selected lines of two different voltinic races of Bombyx mori

Protein concn., phosphatase and esterase isoenzyme patterns in 5-​day old, fifth instar larval hemolymph were studied from selected lines of two different voltinic races of Bombyx mori. Total protein concn. was 1.2-​fold higher in bivoltine strain (NB18) than in multivoltine strain (Pure Mysore)​. Electrophoretic analyses of both the enzymes revealed 6-​8 bands among different lines. However, these isoenzymes showed different electrophoretic mobilities

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Not AvailableDevelopment of high oil content (>40%) inbreds, parental lines and hybrids assumes priority in sunflower. Towards this objective, a high oil content genetic stock HOSuS-1 was developed through introduction and selection from the genotype GP4-1424 imported from Russia. Selections were made for different characters including oil content in later generations. The line HOSuS-1 was found promising for oil content (>40%). To confirm high oil content, seed samples were analyzed during the years 2015, 2018, 2019 and 2020 through NMR at ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The mean oil content of the newly developed line over the years was 41.32% compared to the best check (35.54%) and confirmed through Soxhlet analysis as well. This newly developed genetic stock will be useful in developing high oil content and high oil yielding hybrids, gene pools, inbreds and parental lines in sunflower.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAs in any crop, in sunflower, to develop improved breeding lines having superior yield, oil content and resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses, it is essential to have genetically diverse parental lines. In this study, we used six trait specific inbred lines and allowed random mating in isolation. Through population improvement a total of 150 new restorer lines have been developed. Significant variation was observed for different traits among the lines studied. The progenies RGP-11-P1-S2 (39.89%), RGP-58-P4-S2 (39.31%), RGP-58-P4-S1-1 (39.31%) were promising for oil content. RGP-58-P4-S2 (32.1 g/plant), RGP-85-P1-S1 (31.3 g/plant), RGP-85-P1 (30.1 g/plant) for high seed yield. Based on survival under stress condition, the progenies RGP-21-P5, RGP-21-P6, RGP-32-P1 and RGP-61-P2 were identified as best genotypes under moisture stress conditions. RGP-21-P4-S1-3 and RGP-50-P2-S1 were completely free from powdery mildew.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIt is a farmers friendly training manual. The information on improved technologies of oilseeds for the state of Bihar are provided.ATMA, Biha