Universal Mortality Law, Life Expectancy and Immortality

Well protected human and laboratory animal populations with abundant resources are evolutionary unprecedented, and their survival far beyond reproductive age may be a byproduct rather than tool of evolution. Physical approach, which takes advantage of their extensively quantified mortality, establishes that its dominant fraction yields the exact law, and suggests its unusual mechanism. The law is universal for all animals, from yeast to humans, despite their drastically different biology and evolution. It predicts that the universal mortality has short memory of the life history, at any age may be reset to its value at a significantly younger age, and mean life expectancy extended (by biologically unprecedented small changes) from its current maximal value to immortality. Mortality change is rapid and stepwise. Demographic data and recent experiments verify these predictions for humans, rats, flies, nematodes and yeast. In particular, mean life expectancy increased 6-fold (to "human" 430 years), with no apparent loss in health and vitality, in nematodes with a small number of perturbed genes and tissues. Universality allows one to study unusual mortality mechanism and the ways to immortality

Determining the gel point of epoxy resins by various rheological methods

The gel point of TGDDM-based epoxy resin MY721 (Ciba Geigy) mixed with DDS (Sigma) was determined using multiwave, dynamic-time and steady-time tests. The gel times from each test agreed within experimental variations and the effects of temperature, sample size and shear rate are discussed. New methods of determining the gel point of thermosetting resins are discussed using multiwave tests and normal stress measurements during steady shear tests

Chemorheology of thermosets - an overview

A review of current chemorheological techniques and measurement systems is presented for unfilled and filled thermoset resins. The specific measurement techniques for the kinetics, chemorheology, and modeling of these systems are presented, with particular emphasis on the chemorheological techniques and measuring systems. These techniques and measurement systems provide a greater understanding of traditionally complex thermoset processes, provide effective quality control measures for these processes, and will reduce design and operating costs in associated industries

Electroweak parameters of the z0 resonance and the standard model

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