An example of secondary fault activity along the North Anatolian Fault on the NE Marmara Sea Shelf, NW Turkey

Seismic data on the NE Marmara Sea Shelf indicate that a NNE-SSW-oriented buried basin and ridge system exist on the sub-marine extension of the Paleozoic Rocks delimited by the northern segment of the North Anatolian Fault (NS-NAF), while seismic and multi-beam bathymetric data imply that four NW-SE-oriented strike-slip faults also exist on the shelf area. Seismic data indicate that NW-SE-oriented strike-slip faults are the youngest structures that dissect the basin-ridge system. One of the NW-SE-oriented faults (F1) is aligned with a rupture of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) cutting the northern slope of the Cinarcik Basin. This observation indicates that these faults have similar characteristics with the NS-NAF along the Marmara Sea. Therefore, they may have a secondary relation to the NAF since the principle deformation zone of the NAF follows the Marmara Trough in that region. The seismic energy recorded on these secondary faults is much less than that on the NAF in the Marmara Sea. These faults may, however, produce a large earthquake in the long term

Yield response of seedless watermelon to different drip irrigation strategies under Mediterranean conditions

[EN] Water is an essential resource for food production, as agriculture consumes close to 70% of the total freshwater, and its shortage is becoming critical in arid and semiarid areas of the world. Therefore, it is important to use water more efficiently. The objectives of this project are to determine the productive response and the irrigation water use efficiency of seedless watermelon to three irrigation management strategies over two growing seasons. This was done by applying 100, 75 and 50% of the irrigation water requirements (IWR) the first year, in the second year added six additional treatments, of which three treatments were regulated deficit irrigation with 75% IWR during the vegetative growth, fruit development and fruit ripening stages, and the other three treatments were with 50% IWR during the same stages. The exposure of watermelon plants to severe deficit irrigation resulted in a reduction in dry biomass, total and marketable yield, average fruit weight, fruit number and harvest index, and without improvement of marketable fruit quality. The fruit ripening was the less sensitive stage to water deficits. Relative water content and cell membrane stability index decreased as the water deficit increased. Irrigation water use efficiency decreased to a lesser extend during the fruit ripening stage than when water restriction were applied during different growth stages. If water is readily available, irrigating with 100% of water requirements is recommended, but in the case of water scarcity, applying water shortage during fruit ripening stage would be advisable.Abdelkhalik, A.; Pascual-Seva, N.; Nájera, I.; Giner, A.; Baixauli Soria, C.; Pascual España, B. (2019). Yield response of seedless watermelon to different drip irrigation strategies under Mediterranean conditions. Agricultural Water Management. 212:99-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.08.0449911021

Etkin antitüberküloz tedaviden üç yıl sonra ortaya çıkan intrameduller spinal tüberküloma: Olgu sunumu

Santral sinir sistemi tüberkülozu menenjit, tuberkuloma ya da spinal tüberküloz olarak ortaya çıkabilir. Tuberkulomaların antitüberküloz tedavi altında paradox olarak ortaya çıkması literatürde sık olarak bildirilmesine rağmen, tam ve düzgün tedavi almış olgularda, geç dönemde ortaya çıkmaları oldukça nadir bildirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada antitüberküloz tedavi altında intrakranial ve spinal tüberküloma gelişen, 18 aylık tedavi sonrası klinik ve radyolojik tam düzelme gösteren ancak tedavi bitiminden üç yıl sonra spinal tüberkuloma ortaya çıkan 28 yaşında bir erkek olgu sunulmuştur. Bu olgu SSS tüberkülozu tanısı almış olan olguların düzgün tedavi almış olsalar bile uzun süreli takibinin gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır. Halen kullanılmakta olan klasik antitüberküloz ilaçlar metabolik olarak aktif mikobakteriler üzerine etkin olduklarından ve latent organizmalara karşı etkisiz kalabildiklerinden, Mikobakterium Tuberkülozis tedavisinde latent organizmaları da etkileyebilecek yeni tedavi stratejilerine ihtiyaç vardır.Central nervous system tuberculosis manifests as meningitis, tuberculoma or spinal tuberculosis. Although the paradoxically development of tuberculomas during therapy is well known, the late occurance of symptomatic tuberculomas in succesfully treated tuberculous meningitis (TBM) patients has been reported very rarely. In this study we present a 28 year-old TBM patient that developed multiple intracranial and spinal tuberculomas during antituberculosis therapy and developed late intramedullary spinal tuberculoma three years after the cessation of 18 months chemotherapy. This case demonstrates the need for alert and prolonged surveillance of patients during and after central nervous system tuberculosis. As the current antituberculosis chemotherapy targets metabolically active mycobacteria and is ineffective against latent organisms, new therapeutic strategies to eliminate latency are needed for the eradication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Effect of ketamine, thiopental and ketamine–thiopental combination during electroconvulsive therapy for depression

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effect of anaesthesia with thiopental (4 mg kg-1), ketamine (1 mg kg-1) and ketamine-thiopental (1 mg kg-1 and 4 mg kg-1, respectively) combination during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and haemodynamic variables in patients with resistant major depression. Methods: Patients with HDRS scores above 17 were included. The patients were randomly divided into three groups according to the anaesthesia used. Group 1 was given thiopental (4 mg kg-1), Group 2 was given ketamine (1 mg kg-1) and Group 3 was given ketamine (1 mg kg-1) and thiopental (4 mg kg-1). Succinylcholine (1 mg kg-1) was administered in all patients for muscle relaxation. HDRS and HAM-A scores were evaluated before ECT, after 3, 6. ECT and after the final ECT. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rates and oxygen saturations were recorded before and after anaesthesia induction and after the ECT procedure. Seizure duration was recorded. Results: Fifty-eight patients were included in the study. Thirty (52%) patients were male and 28 (48%) were female. The mean age was 42.7±15.8 years in Group 1, 44.8±11 years in Group 2 and 38.6±6.8 years in Group 3. In all groups, HDRS scores were reduced compared with the baseline values. There was no statistical significant difference between the groups regarding HDRS scores. HAM-A scores were higher in Group 2 and Group 3. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate values were lower in Group 1 and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: In this study, anaesthesia induced with thiopental, ketamine and thiopental–ketamine combination was observed to not result in a difference in ECT for patients with treatment-resistant depression. Ketamine at a dose of 1 mg kg-1 given just before ECT did not enhance the antidepressant effect of ECT; however, anxiety scores were increased with ketamine application. © 2015 by Turkish Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Society