Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Biologi Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik pada Konsep Ekosistem Bagi Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama

The study was a research and development aimed at developing learning package based on scientific approach, which was valid, practical, and effective for Junior High School's students. The development procedure used in the study was based on Thiagarajan's model or 4-D model consisted of four phases, namely defining, designing, developing, and dissemination. The development learning package based on scientific approach had been validated by the experts and practitioners and had been revised; thus, it obtained feasible result to be used. The results revealed that the learning package based on scientific approach was valid, practical, and effective. The learning package that were RPP, student's book, and student's worksheet was valid due to the extremely valid category, practical because it was in completely conducted and effective as well because it had met the criteria of effective

Proses Transesterifikasi Biji Minyak Jarak dengan Bantuan Enzim Lipase sebagai Penghasil Biodiesel

The investigation was carried out to prevent the scarce of fosil based fuel. In this investigation used seed of castor oil plan (Jathropha curcas L.) as natural row material to make castor oils and converted to biodiesel so that it's friendly to the biological environment. Castor oils produced by extraction process with soxhletation methods used n-hexane solvent. The result of extraction then converted to biodiesel by transesterification process at optimum temperature 40o C with methanol and catalyzed with lipase enzyme. Free fatty acid analysis and total fat analysis was done to the result product, and then biodiesel converted value as 88.67% gotten. Some characteristics analysis of biodiesel castor oils like density, viscosity, pouring point, flaming point, and caloric value according ASTM D6751. The result of investigation showed castor oils biodiesel can be used as diesel fuel

Amine-functionalized MCM-48 as Adsorbent of Zn2+ and Ni2+ Ions

A compound, 3-aminopropyltrimetoxy silane, has been used to modify mesoporous silica, MCM-48. The modified silica (NH2-MCM-48) was utilized to remove Zn2+ and Ni2+ ions from solutions. The mesoporous material was synthesized in the alkaline solution. Characterization of the unmodified materials was conducted by X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectroscopy. The ions adsorbed on NH2-MCM-48 were studied at various pHs, contact times and initial ions concentrations. An Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) measured the ions content in the solution.. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models performed the kinetic adsorption. The adsorption isotherm was examined by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The result found that optimum contact time for the adsorption of Zn2+ ion was lower than that for Ni2+ ion. The adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model with the adsorption rate of 4.56x10-2 g mg-1 min-1 for Zn2+ ion and 7x10-4 g mg-1 min-1 for Ni2+ ion. The optimum pH was 6 and 4 for Zn2+ and Ni2+ adsorption, respectively. The uptake of both ions from solutions by NH2-MCM-48 fixed better the Langmuir than the Freundlich model with the adsorption capacity of 0.55 and 0.43 mmol g-1, correspondingly. This research work provides valuable information on the interaction between the ions and the functional group of adsorbent

Effect of Feeding Propolis on Growth Performance of Broilers

 An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of propolis on broiler performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters. The experiment was carried out with a completely randomized design of 4 treatments, supplemented with propolis at the rate of 0, 1, 2, and 3 mg/kg diet for 6 weeks. The results indicated that birds diet supplementation with propolis increased body weight (P<0.05), decreased feed intake and improved feed efficiency during the experiment. Carcass traits did not show significant differences for the treatments, with the exception of dressing percentage. The serum total protein and globulins were significantly (P<0.05) increased and the serum cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in propolis supplemented broilers. No significant differences were observed in hematological parameters among the different groups. It could be concluded that dietary inclusion of propolis to poultry diets had a positive effect on growth performance and improved the immune response by elevating blood globulins level. Also, it decreases blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels. &nbsp

Molecular Diagnosis of Human Papillomavirus: Comparison Between Cervical and Vaginal Sampling

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most significant cause of cervical cancer. In view of the number of drawbacks associated with endocervical sampling, the gold standard for HPV detection, this study examined the utility and specificity of vaginal sampling as an alternative for endocervical sampling for the routine detection of HPV. Case study: The study comprised 51 women who tested positive and 54 women who tested negative for endocervical HPV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), confirmed by histopathology. At the time of specimen collection, both (speculum-assisted) endocervical and vaginal (no speculum) scrapings were isolated from HPV positive and negativewomen, and HPV DNA was assessed by PCR using the MY09/MY11 primer system;HPV type was identified by hybridization of PCR products with type-specific biotinylated DNA probes. Each participant served as her own control. HPV was detected in vaginal and cervical scrapes from all HPV-positive but not HPV-negative women. In HPV-positive women the same HPV type was found in vaginal and endocervical scrapings (positive predictive value = 1.0). Conclusion: Correlation between vaginal and endocervical sampling methods was excellent in detecting the presence of HPV DNA and for identifying distinct HPV genotypes. Utilization of vaginal testing for routine HPV detection, and for the long-term follow-up of persistent HPV infection, is therefore recommended

Adherence and Pathogenicity Assay of Vibrio Harveyi in Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus Monodon) Larvae for Screening Biocontrol Agent

Rifampicin-resistant marker was employed as a reporter to detect the adherence and colonization of V. harveyi in shrimp larvae. Vibrio harveyi P1B and YA32.2 were isolated from dead shrimp larvae in Besuki, Northern Coast of East Java, while V. harveyi HB3, was isolated from pristine sea water in Pacitan, Southern Coast of East Java. Vibrio metschnikovii used as biocontrol agent was isolated from healthy shrimp larvae in Serang, West Java. Spontaneous mutation was conducted to generate V. harveyi P1B, YA32.2 and HB3 resistant to rifampicin. These mutants exhibited similar survival ability to their parental (wild type) strains. Significant larval mortality was observed in shrimp larvae inoculated with YA32.2 than that of larvae inoculated with P1B. Larvae inoculated with HB3 showed the lowest mortality. Bacterial cell count of Vibrio Rf* in dead larvae were 103-104 cells/larvae. Isolates of Vibrio metschnikovii Z and M as biocontrol candidates effectively reduced the growth and adherence ability of YA32.2 to shrimp larvae. Larval mortality in rearing water inoculated simultaneously with YA32.2 and V. metschnikovii was lower than the one inoculated with YA32.2 alone. Therefore, Vibrio metschnikovii Z or M could be developed as an effective probiotic or biocontrol agent for V. harveyi in shrimp hatcheries

Translocation t(11;18)(q21;q21) in gastric B‐cell lymphomas

Translocation t(11;18)(q21;q21) is the most frequent chromosomal aberration reported in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. Intriguingly, this translocation has been reported only rarely in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas; it has been proposed that t(11;18)-positive tumors rarely progress to diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. We examined the frequency of chromosomal translocation t(11;18)(q21;q21) in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the stomach. Paraffin-embedded tissues from patients with gastric B-cell lymphomas were selected retrospectively. The presence of the t(11;18)(q21;q21) was determined using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization. beta-Actin transcript was also determined to evaluate the integrity and efficiency of RNA (cDNA) recovery from paraffin-embedded tissues. We analyzed 53 gastric B-cell lymphomas (33 diffuse large B-cell and 20 mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) obtained from Italy, the USA, or Japan. Beta-actin transcript was amplified in 50 cases (94%), including 19 mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and 31 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (five with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue components). The t(11;18) translocation was detected in 19% (6 of 31) cases with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma versus 26% (five of 19) with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (P = 0.72). One of five diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with a mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue component showed the t(11;18)(q21;q21). In conclusion, translocation t(11;18)(q21;q21) was found in both mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of the stomach at approximately equivalent frequencies; its presence does not exclude progression to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

SINTESIS KARBON MESOPORI, CMK-1 DAN POTENSI ADSORPSINYA ATAS SURFAKTAN DI PERAIRAN

Marina Chimica Acta 5(1) 2004Adsorption of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) on mesoporous carbon, CMK-1 with a variation\ud of the contact time, the concentration of SDBS and a variation of pH has been conducted. The\ud concentration of SDBS before and after adsorption was determined by a UV spectrophotometer. Freundlich\ud and Langmuir models were used to study the adsorption capacity of SDBS by CMK-1. The Results\ud showed that the optimum contact time was 4 hours. To know the adsorption capacity of SDBS on CMK-1,\ud adsorption of SDBS at various consentrations and various pH were conducted at optimum contact time.\ud From the results, it was clear that the adsorption capacity at pH of 7 > pH of 4 > at pH of 10 and\ud adsorption followed isoterm Freundlich