Diafragma laserasyonu ve bronşektaziye yol açan bronşial web ile birlikteki kostal ekzositoz

Thoracic complications belong to exostosis with the other abnormality are extremely rare. A 40 year-old man presented with right-sided pleuritic chest pain. Computed tomographic scan of the chest revealed exostosis length 2.5 cm pushing pleura and diaphragm and compressing adjacent to lung and liver. Middle and lower lobe bronchiectasis was also identified. There were a web lesion in bronchial lumen at the level of middle lobe at bronchoscopy. In operation, diaphragm laceration was repaired with sutures. Bilobectomy inferior was performed and 10th costa was partially resected together with exostosis. Exostosis cases which lead to diaphragm laceration and bronchiectasis in addition with bronchial web as we present in this case are quite rare

Archaeogenetic analysis of Neolithic sheep from Anatolia suggests a complex demographic history since domestication

Sheep were among the first domesticated animals, but their demographic history is little understood. Here we analyzed nuclear polymorphism and mitochondrial data (mtDNA) from ancient central and west Anatolian sheep dating from Epipaleolithic to late Neolithic, comparatively with modern-day breeds and central Asian Neolithic/Bronze Age sheep (OBI). Analyzing ancient nuclear data, we found that Anatolian Neolithic sheep (ANS) are genetically closest to present-day European breeds relative to Asian breeds, a conclusion supported by mtDNA haplogroup frequencies. In contrast, OBI showed higher genetic affinity to present-day Asian breeds. These results suggest that the east-west genetic structure observed in present-day breeds had already emerged by 6000 BCE, hinting at multiple sheep domestication episodes or early wild introgression in southwest Asia. Furthermore, we found that ANS are genetically distinct from all modern breeds. Our results suggest that European and Anatolian domestic sheep gene pools have been strongly remolded since the Neolithic

Archaeogenetic analysis of Neolithic sheep from Anatolia suggests a complex demographic history since domestication

Yurtman, ozer, Yuncu et al. provide an ancient DNA data set to demonstrate the impact of human activity on the demographic history of domestic sheep. The authors demonstrate that there may have been multiple domestication events with notable changes to the gene pool of European and Anatolian sheep since the Neolithic. Sheep were among the first domesticated animals, but their demographic history is little understood. Here we analyzed nuclear polymorphism and mitochondrial data (mtDNA) from ancient central and west Anatolian sheep dating from Epipaleolithic to late Neolithic, comparatively with modern-day breeds and central Asian Neolithic/Bronze Age sheep (OBI). Analyzing ancient nuclear data, we found that Anatolian Neolithic sheep (ANS) are genetically closest to present-day European breeds relative to Asian breeds, a conclusion supported by mtDNA haplogroup frequencies. In contrast, OBI showed higher genetic affinity to present-day Asian breeds. These results suggest that the east-west genetic structure observed in present-day breeds had already emerged by 6000 BCE, hinting at multiple sheep domestication episodes or early wild introgression in southwest Asia. Furthermore, we found that ANS are genetically distinct from all modern breeds. Our results suggest that European and Anatolian domestic sheep gene pools have been strongly remolded since the Neolithic

An experimental investigation on performance of fins on a horizontal base in free convection heat transfer

Natural convection heat transfer in rectangular fin-arrays mounted on a vertical base was investigated experimentally. An experimental set-up was constructed and calibrated to test 15 different fin configurations. Fin length and fin thickness were kept fixed at 100 and 3 mm respectively, while fin spacing was varied from 4.5 to 58.75 mm and fin height was varied from 5 to 25 mm. Base-to-ambient temperature difference was also varied through a calibrated wattmeter ranging from 10 to 50 W. The results showed that fin spacing is the most significant parameter in the performance of fin arrays; and for every fin height, for a given base-to-ambient temperature difference, there exists an optimum value for the fin spacing for which the heat transfer rate from the fin array is maximized. It was seen that higher heat transfer enhancement are obtained with vertically oriented bases than with horizontally oriented bases for fin arrays of the same geometr

EFFECT OF VERTICAL SEPARATION DISTANCE ON LAMINAR NATURAL CONVECTIVE HEAT-TRANSFER OVER 2 VERTICALLY SPACED EQUITEMPERATURE HORIZONTAL CYLINDERS

A numerical study of laminar natural convective heat transfer in air from a pair of equi-temperature horizontal cylinders placed one above the other in a vertical plane was carried out. Prime attention was focused on how heat transfer characteristics of the upper cylinder are affected by center-to-center separation distance between two cylinders (CCD). The study was limited to Rayleigh number ranging from 2 x 10(4) to 2 x 10(5) . The vertical center-to-center separation distance between the cylinders was varied from two to ten cylinder diameters. A finite difference scheme based on the integration of the governing equations over finite cells was used. Temperature profiles around two cylinders, and heat transfer coefficients for each cylinder were obtained. The effect of center-to-center separation distance between the cylinders on heat transfer from the upper cylinder was considered. For assessing the accuracy of the current computational approach the results are compared with the experimental results reported by Sparrow and Niethammer [10]

Madde kullanım bozukluklarında genetik: bir gözden geçirme

It was thought earlier that environmental and social conditions were effective in the progress of substance use disorder but upon the developments in the genetics area it came forward that the genetic reasons play an important role. The substance use disorder is a complicated process. This process starts with trying the substance, continues with constant use and results in addictiveness progress. The impact of genetic mechanisms on the different levels of this process should be enlightened. It is notified that the addictiveness of alcohol, cigarette, heroin and cocaine pass through the family. The genetic of alcohol use disorder has been studied more compared to the substance use disorder;amp;#8217;s. As a result of these studies it was stated that the genetic impact in alcohol use disorder is more compared to the others. A genetic settlement that is agreed in the substance use disorder progress has not been obtained yet. The reason for this is that the formation of this sickness is attributed to the polygenic reasons. This situation causes the sickness to come in front of us with very different phenotypical features. The exposure of these different phenotypical features will guide the study of genetic groundÖnceleri madde kullanım bozukluklarının (MKB) gelişiminde çevresel, gelişimsel ve sosyal şartların etkili olduğu düşünülmekteydi. Ancak genetik alanında kaydedilen gelişmelerin ardından genetik nedenlerin oynadığı rol ön plana çıkmaya başlamıştır. MKB gelişimi karmaşık bir süreçtir. Bu süreç maddeyi ilk deneme ile başlar, sürekli olarak kullanma ile devam eder ve bağımlılık gelişimi ile sonuçlanır. Genetik mekanizmaların bu sürecin farklı aşamalarına olan etkisi aydınlatılmalıdır. Alkol, sigara, esrar, kokain bağımlılıklarının ailesel geçişi olduğu bildirilmiştir. Alkol kulanım bozukluklarının (AKB)genetiği diğer MKB genetiğine oranla daha sık çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmaların sonucunda AKB ‘da genetik etkinin diğerlerine göre daha fazla olduğu bildirilmiştir. MKB gelişiminde üzerinde uzlaşı sağlanan bir genetik yerleşim henüz saptanmamıştır. Bunun bir nedeni bu hastalığın oluşumunun poligenik nedenlere bağlanmasıdır. Bu durum hastalığın çok farklı fenotipik özelliklerle karşımıza çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu farklı fenotipik özelliklerin ortaya konması genetik zeminin araştırılmasında yol göstericidir

Sürücülerde alkol dışı madde kullanımının saptanması: Neden? Nasıl? Nerede?

This Article describes the background, legislations and new approaches in Turkey for control of drug use of drivers. in recent years, in parallel to the widespread use of illicit drugs, the number of drivers affected by drugs is also increasing. It is well established that alcohol impairs driving ability and increases the risk of accidents. New studies show the contribution of illicit drugs to fatal/nonfatal road accidents. With the addition of social, economical and cultural factors, the traffic of drugs has resulted in an increased ratio of drugs of abuse and addiction in our country which is located in a crowded transition area (UNCLEAR). Drinking and driving have become less socially acceptable. Awareness has also grown about the impairment caused by other drugs. Driving under the inşuence of a legal (prescription drug) or an illegal drug as a controlled substance is controlled by law (Turkish Road Traffic Act 2918 and Related Legislation-Section/ 97 Prohibition for DUI of alcoholic beverages narcotics and euphoric substances). in addition, using screening tests on the road (on-site tests) requirement for controlling DUID is compulsory in order to ensure security of our country‘s roads from materials including saliva, and sweat to determine the drivers who are under the inşuence of drugs, according to important developments in EU countries in recent years. Proof of drug consumption requires analysis of a body şuid to identify the drug. the various methods of drug analyses in alternative samples each have problems with respect to sample collection, handling, and transportation as well as toxicological assays used. Therefore the determination of illicit drug use in drivers and its inşuence on driving is very important. Many prescription drugs, especially sedative-hypnotic or strong analgesics, are classified as controlled substances Also, it should be kept in mind that many addicted patients who constitute a considerable proportion of psychiatric patients may be drivers. Apprehension and punishment of people who chose to drive while impaired has become a higher priority. More stringent controls and onsite tests should be adopted. in this Article, drug testing regulations on drivers were evaluated based on legal, social and toxicological principals and the requirements of international standards are discussed.Bu yazı Türkiye de, trafikte madde kullanımının değerlendirmesi amacıyla kanun ve yeni yaklaşımlara yönelik olarak hazırlanmıştır. Geçmiş yıllarda yasadışı madde kullanımındaki artışa paralel olarak madde etkisinde olan sürücü sayısında da bir artış olmuştur. Alkolün sürücünün yetkinliğini azalttığı ve kaza riskini artırdığı bilinmektedir. Yeni araştırmalar yasadışı maddelerin ölümcül olan ya da olmayan kazalara olan etkisini göstermektedir. Yasadışı madde nakil yolları üzerinde yer alan ülkemizde madde kullanımı sosyoekonomik ve kültürel faktörlerin de etkisiyle artmaktadır. İçki içme ve araç kullanma sosyal olarak daha az kabul edilen bir durum olmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra diğer maddelerin sebep olduğu zararlar konusunda bilgilenme artmıştır. Yasal ya da yasadışı maddelerin etkisi ile araç kullanma yasalarla düzenlenmiştir. Ayrıca son yıllarda Avrupa Birliği ülkelerindeki gelişmeler, karayollarının güvenliği için tükürük, ter gibi materyallerde madde varlığını araştıran testlerin karayollarında uygulanması gerekliliğini ortaya koymuştur. Madde alımının kanıtlanması için beden sıvılarında madde varlığı gösterilmelidir. Madde varlığını değerlendiren farklı dokuların toksikolojik analizlerinde örnek toplama, elde etme ve nâklinde sorunlarla karşılaşılmaktadır. Ancak yasadışı madde kullanımı ve bunun araç kullanma becerisine olan etkisi belirlenmelidir. Birçok reçete edilen ilaçlar özellikle sedatif hipnotikler ya da güçlü analjezikler kontrol edilen maddeler olarak sınışandırılmıştır. Ayrıca trafikte psikiyatrik sorunu olan kişi olarak değerlendirilen çok sayıda madde bağımlısı olan şoför olduğuna dikkat edilmelidir. Madde etkisinde araç kullananları tutuklama ve cezalandırma öncelikli bir durum haline gelmiştir. Bu şartlarda sürücülere duyarlı ve hızlı yanıt alınan bazı testler uygulanmalıdır. Bu yazıda sürücülerde madde testi düzenlemeleri yasal, sosyal, toksikolojik prensipler ve uluslararası gereklilikler göz önüne alınarak tartışılmıştır

Evaluation of the Effects of Different Biomaterials on Bone Defects

PubMed ID: 11307409Studies concerning natural and synthetic graft materials that have been used in different medical procedures have focused on freeze-dried bone, coral, hydroxylapatite, and tricalcium phosphate. This study histologically investigates the effects of these materials on the healing of bone defects. The experiments were performed on 30 albino rabbits. Cavities were drilled in the posterior right tibias of rabbits and were filled with coral, freeze-dried bone, hydroxylapatite, or calcium hydroxide. One cavity was left unfilled as a control. The bone in which the materials were implanted was excised at 7, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days. After the histological staining procedures, the prepared materials were observed using a light microscope. Although all materials showed good bone remodeling at the end of 60 days, coral and hydroxylapatite materials could be seen in the bone structure. The most effective materials within bone defect improvement were freeze-dried bone and calcium hydroxide