Fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid content of Anatolian buffaloes at different muscle types and slaughter weight

This research was performed to detect tissue fatty acid (FA) composition and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content in Anatolian buffaloes at different muscle types (MTs) and slaughter weights (SWs). The research was carried out on a private commercial livestock farm in Tokat. The research's animal material comprised 20 Anatolian buffalo calves with approximately 100 kg body weights, weaned at about 150 days of age. Before the experiment started, the calves were randomly divided into two slaughter groups (SW) as low weight (LW=225 kg) and high weight (HW=325 kg). Ten calves from each of the two experimental groups, which were intensively fed, were slaughtered in two different weights. After the slaughtering, FA composition and CLA content of the Semimembranosus (SM), Semitendinosus (ST), and Triceps brachii (TB) muscle tissues of the animals were examined. The study determined that palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and stearic acid (C18:0) were affected by MTs and oleic acid (C18:1) and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) were affected by SW (P 0.05). With the increase of SW (in LW and HW groups), n-6/n3 (SM: 7.783 and 6.533; ST: 8.115 and 7.859; TB: 8.416 and 8.215) (P > 0.05) and PUFA ratio decreased (P 0.05). Again, with the increase in SW, AI and TI values increased in SM and ST muscles, while the same index values decreased in TB muscle (P> 0.05). In conclusion, when considering the PUFA/SFA ratio and the beneficial effects of CLAs on human health, ST in the MT and LW groups in SW, and thus ST and LW in MT and SW were prominent in Anatolian buffaloes

Immunogenicity of a Haemophilus influenzae type b–tetanus conjugate vaccine when administered separately or in combined vaccines for primary immunization in two consecutive national schedules in Turkey

SummaryBackgroundIn Turkey, the Haemophilus influenzae type b–tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (Hib) was replaced by the combined diphtheria–tetanus–acellular pertussis and inactivated polio vaccine (DTaP–IPV/Hib) in 2008. This shift to the new schedule created different cohorts of vaccinated children as a consequence of the different schedules used. We evaluated the immunogenicity of the Hib vaccine in infants vaccinated with these different schedules.MethodsThree groups of children were evaluated: group 1 comprised 145 infants vaccinated with diphtheria, tetanus, and whole cell pertussis (DTwP), oral polio vaccine (OPV), and Hib vaccines simultaneously at separate sites; group 2 comprised 204 infants vaccinated with the DTaP–IPV/Hib combined vaccine; group 3 comprised 100 infants vaccinated with a mixed schedule of DTwP, OPV, and Hib for the first one or two doses, followed by DTaP–IPV/Hib vaccine to complete the series.ResultsAnti-polyribosylribitol phosphate (anti-PRP) titers ≥0.15μg/ml were similar in groups 1, 2, and 3. However, in group 1, who received all the vaccines at separate sites, ≥ l.0μg/ml long-lasting antibody titers and anti-PRP geometric mean titers were higher (p=0.001).ConclusionThis study showed that even one dose administered in combination with other vaccines in a primary series decreased the level of anti-PRP

At-risk student teachers’ attitudes and aspirations as learners and teachers of mathematics

This study explored foundation phase first year student teachers’ perceptions about mathematics. The focus on their attitudes towards mathematics in two roles – (1) as learners of mathematics, based on their prior experiences at school and (2) as aspirant teachers of mathematics for children in the early grades. Data sources were students’ drawings/collages as well as written interpretations and elaborations of the drawings/collages. The findings indicated that participants had generally negative attitudes towards the learning of mathematics. Factors such as the transition from primary to high school, teacher qualities and mathematics-related anxiety contributed to the shaping of their attitudes. It was encouraging to note that over half the participants expressed positive attitudes in their roles as future teachers, with all expressing the desire to provide better mathematics experiences to their future learners.IBS

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Encapsulation of olive leaf antioxidants in microbeads: Application of alginate and chitosan as wall materials

Edible microcapsule technology has been declared as a newly developed technology in 21st century by some certain authorities in order to preserve food products. Encapsulation of the bioactive materials in edible coatings is a blessing that can eliminate many undesirable situations that might arise when it is used as additive. In this study, olive leaf extract has been evaluated as active material to prepare microcapsules by using alginate as coating. Ionic gelation was used to produce microbeads. The experimental design of the encapsulation system, the effects of the process parameters, the modeling of the experimental data and the optimization of the conditions were carried out with Box-Behnken design of response surface method (Box-Behnken-RSM). BoxBehnken-RSM produced 17 experimental runs. Calcium chloride (2-15%, w/v) and sodium alginate concentrations (1-2%, w/v), and hardening time (15-45 min) were selected as independent variables, while encapsulation efficiency (EE) of the capsules in terms of total phenolic content (TPC) and oleuropein concentration were responses. Impact of chitosan as coating layer was also investigated with three different ratios of chitosan (0.4%, 0.7%, 1% w/v). Accelerated oxidation test was employed to measure the stability of the microcapsules against oxidation by means of Rancimat method. Encapsulation of the olive leaf extract in alginate microbeads was satisfying with > 70% and > 90% efficiencies with respect to TPC and oleuropein under optimum conditions (2.34% calcium chloride concentration and 2% sodium alginate for 26 min of hardening time)

An alternative technique in the control of massive presacral rectal bleeding: fixation of GORE-TEX® aortic patch

The presacral venous system is located under the pelvic fascia covering the anterior of the sacrum and consists of two lateral sacral veins, middle sacral vein, and the veins that communicate them. The presacral venous system can be easily damaged and causes serious bleeding which is difficult to control and may cause intraoperative mortality. Its incidence varies between 3% and 9.4%. Although several methods have been tried to control presacral bleeding, the definitive method of treatment has not yet been identified. We present here our alternative technique in control of massive presacral massive bleeding developed from the presacral plexus secondary to the traction of the specimen during the dissection. The bleeding could not be controlled despite the use of all technical possibilities such as packing, ligation, and hemostatic agents. Bleeding control was provided by GORE‑TEX® graft. We conclude that fıxatıon of GORE‑TEX® aortic patch should be kept in mind for uncontrolled massive presacral bleeding.Keywords: GORE‑TEX® graft, presacral bleeding, rectal cance

Orchiectomy as a result of ischemic orchitis after inguinal hernia repair

Ischemic orchitis is an established complication after open and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, but ischemic orchitis resulting in orchiectomy after the surgical approach is very rare. We reported a case of healthy 47 year-old man, with no previous surgery or history of trauma, who presented with right direct inguinal hernia. He is a thin, muscular male with a narrow pelvis who underwent right extraperitoneal mesh implantation with open inguinal hernia repair. The patient was discharged on the same day and doing well with minimal pain and swelling until the fifth day after surgery. That night he presented with sudden-onset of pain and swelling of his right testicle and denied both trauma to the area and any sexual activity. Scintigraphy and ultrasound of the testicle revealed no blood flow to the testicle which required exploration and subsequent orchiectomy

Estimation of diffusion and mass transfer coefficients for the microwave-assisted extraction of bioactive substances from Moringa oleifera leaves

In this study, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was applied to extract bioactive materials from leaves of Moringa oleifera. The current study was performed in order to clarify and understand the effects of extraction time, temperature, and power on the kinetics and thermodynamics of extraction, diffusion, and mass transfer coefficients and Biot number for the present system. One gram of Moringa oleifera particles with 80 mL solvent (60% ethanol) was extracted under different extraction temperature values (304, 305, 308, and 309 K) and microwave power values (200, 300, 400, and 500 W) for several time periods (30-400 s). According to the kinetic study, activation energy for the present MAE was calculated as 243.367 kj mol(-1), where the extraction rate increased with temperature (0.0077, 0.0121, 0.022, and 0.0448 mL mg(-1) s(-1)). Thermodynamic study produced the changes of enthalpy (31.572 kj mol(-1)), entropy (0.12817 kj mol(-1)), and Gibbs free energy (- 7.3917, - 7.5199, - 7.90434, and - 8.0325 kj mol(-1)), respectively. An empirical diffusion model was used for the estimation of diffusion coefficients, mass transfer coefficients, and Biot numbers depending on temperature. The diffusion coefficient (3.058 x 10(-10), 3.114 x 10(-10), 5.912 x 10(-10), and 10.38 x 10(-10) m(2) s(-1)), mass transfer coefficient (0.2683, 0.4217, 0.7667, and 1.5613 m s(-1)), and Biot number (375 x 10(3), 578.9 x 10(3), 554.4 x 10(3), and 624.48 x 10(3)) increased with increase in temperature