Biosafety knowledge and perception among medical laboratory students: a cross-sectional study at a medical university in Vietnam

Introduction: Medical students have to deal with biohazards in laboratories during undergraduate studies and intensive practice in hospitals. Unsafe operators can result in an outbreak of biohazardous pathogens to healthcare workers, the community, and the environment. However, the most common risk factors for laboratory accidents are a lack of perception and knowledge of biosafety and laboratory safety management. This study aimed to assess knowledge and factors influencing the biosafety practices of medical students at Hanoi Public Health University, Vietnam Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the biosafety knowledge of all 286 students majoring in a medical laboratory at HUPH from December 2021 to February 2022. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Hanoi University of Public Health. The questionnaire has been created based on WHO biosafety guidelines with some modifications according to the local context. The data were collected by face-to-face interviews Results:: Out of the 286 students invited to complete a biosafety questionnaire, 68.6% of students recognized the fundamental principles of biosafety. Additionally, 76.2% and 91% of students correctly identified risk factors and danger signs in the laboratory, respectively. Furthermore, 79.8% of students provided accurate answers to biosafety laboratory troubleshooting questions. Notably, academic performance, students’ year of study, and average scores in biosafety courses had significantly related to the biosafety knowledge. Gender factors and academic performance were related to the rate of obtaining precise knowledge about incident handling and preventing risk factors in the laboratory. Conclusion: The passed rate of biosafety knowledge among medical laboratory students at the University of Public Health was 68.6%. Factors such as the student's school year, academic performance, average score in the biosafety course number of internships in hospitals significantly affected their biosafety and troubleshooting knowledge in the laboratory

Determination of the Administration Routes, Doses and Appropriate Age to Vaccinate With Ornitin Triple Vaccine For Cross-breed Colored Broilers in Vietnam

The study was to determine the appropriate dose and administration route of Ornitin Triple vaccine in cross-breed coloured broilers in Vietnam by evaluating the antibody titer against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) and local reactions at injection sites on chickens after vaccination. The study was divided into 2 trials. Both trials were designed with 3 vaccine dose groups: 0.0ml (control group), 0.25ml and 0.5ml and 2 different administration routes: subcutaneous at neck (SC) and intramuscular at breast (IM) injection. The result showed that, no statistically significant difference was found between antibody titer of two administration routes as well as 2 vaccine doses until 13-week-old. Local reactions at the injection sites of IM route was less severe than SC at neck and in higher dose would produce a more severe swelling reaction. Daily weight gain was found to have a slight decrease in the vaccinated groups within 2 weeks after vaccination, however, no statistically significant difference was found in later stage (P > 0.05). In conclusion, Ornitin Triple can be used to vaccinate by IM with the dose of 0.25ml for coloured broilers at early age (3-week-old), or 0.5ml for older birds and should be careful for some reactions at the injection sites

Awareness and preparedness of healthcare workers against the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey across 57 countries.

BACKGROUND: Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, there have been concerns related to the preparedness of healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to describe the level of awareness and preparedness of hospital HCWs at the time of the first wave. METHODS: This multinational, multicenter, cross-sectional survey was conducted among hospital HCWs from February to May 2020. We used a hierarchical logistic regression multivariate analysis to adjust the influence of variables based on awareness and preparedness. We then used association rule mining to identify relationships between HCW confidence in handling suspected COVID-19 patients and prior COVID-19 case-management training. RESULTS: We surveyed 24,653 HCWs from 371 hospitals across 57 countries and received 17,302 responses from 70.2% HCWs overall. The median COVID-19 preparedness score was 11.0 (interquartile range [IQR] = 6.0-14.0) and the median awareness score was 29.6 (IQR = 26.6-32.6). HCWs at COVID-19 designated facilities with previous outbreak experience, or HCWs who were trained for dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, had significantly higher levels of preparedness and awareness (p<0.001). Association rule mining suggests that nurses and doctors who had a 'great-extent-of-confidence' in handling suspected COVID-19 patients had participated in COVID-19 training courses. Male participants (mean difference = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.46; p<0.001) and nurses (mean difference = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.53, 0.81; p<0.001) had higher preparedness scores compared to women participants and doctors. INTERPRETATION: There was an unsurprising high level of awareness and preparedness among HCWs who participated in COVID-19 training courses. However, disparity existed along the lines of gender and type of HCW. It is unknown whether the difference in COVID-19 preparedness that we detected early in the pandemic may have translated into disproportionate SARS-CoV-2 burden of disease by gender or HCW type

Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine on functional outcome after acute stroke (AFFINITY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Trials of fluoxetine for recovery after stroke report conflicting results. The Assessment oF FluoxetINe In sTroke recoverY (AFFINITY) trial aimed to show if daily oral fluoxetine for 6 months after stroke improves functional outcome in an ethnically diverse population. Methods AFFINITY was a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done in 43 hospital stroke units in Australia (n=29), New Zealand (four), and Vietnam (ten). Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acute stroke in the previous 2–15 days, brain imaging consistent with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and a persisting neurological deficit that produced a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or more. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 via a web-based system using a minimisation algorithm to once daily, oral fluoxetine 20 mg capsules or matching placebo for 6 months. Patients, carers, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary outcome was functional status, measured by the mRS, at 6 months. The primary analysis was an ordinal logistic regression of the mRS at 6 months, adjusted for minimisation variables. Primary and safety analyses were done according to the patient's treatment allocation. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000774921. Findings Between Jan 11, 2013, and June 30, 2019, 1280 patients were recruited in Australia (n=532), New Zealand (n=42), and Vietnam (n=706), of whom 642 were randomly assigned to fluoxetine and 638 were randomly assigned to placebo. Mean duration of trial treatment was 167 days (SD 48·1). At 6 months, mRS data were available in 624 (97%) patients in the fluoxetine group and 632 (99%) in the placebo group. The distribution of mRS categories was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (adjusted common odds ratio 0·94, 95% CI 0·76–1·15; p=0·53). Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients in the fluoxetine group had more falls (20 [3%] vs seven [1%]; p=0·018), bone fractures (19 [3%] vs six [1%]; p=0·014), and epileptic seizures (ten [2%] vs two [<1%]; p=0·038) at 6 months. Interpretation Oral fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome and increased the risk of falls, bone fractures, and epileptic seizures. These results do not support the use of fluoxetine to improve functional outcome after stroke

A new species of the assassin bug genus Rihirbus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera Reduviidae) from Vietnam

Lam, Truong Xuan, Hoa, Bui Thi Quynh, Linh, Ha Ngoc, Cai, Wanzhi (2020): A new species of the assassin bug genus Rihirbus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera Reduviidae) from Vietnam. Zootaxa 4780 (3): 587-593, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4780.3.1

Pheophorbide a-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Triggers HLA Class I-Restricted Antigen Presentation in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma1

The immunomodulatory effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been reported in several photosensitizers. Pheophorbide a (Pa), a chlorophyll derivative, shows antitumor effects on a number of human cancers in a PDT approach (Pa-PDT); however, the potential effect of Pa-PDT on the anticancer immunity has never been studied. In the present work, the underlying action mechanism of Pa-PDT was systemically investigated with a human hepatoma cell line HepG2. We found that Pa-PDT significantly inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells with a half maximal inhibitory concentration/endoplasmic reticulum of 0.35 µM at 24 hours by the induction of apoptosis, as shown by externalization of phosphatidylserine, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, and activation of the caspases cascade in the treated cells. Interestingly, using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, a 57-kDa disulfide-isomerase-like ER resident protein (ERp57) that belongs to the HLA class I-restricted antigen-processing machinery was found to be mediated during the Pa-PDT treatment. This activation of antigen presentation was confirmed by Western blot analysis and immunostaining. Furthermore, a cross-presentation of antigen with HLA class I proteins and 70-kDa heat shock protein was found in Pa-PDT-treated cells, as shown by the confocal microscopic observation and immunoprecipitation assay. Nevertheless, the immunogenicity of HepG2 cells was increased by Pa-PDT treatment that triggered phagocytic capture by human macrophages. Our findings provide the first evidence that Pa-PDT can trigger both apoptosis and cancer immunity in the tumor host

sj-docx-1-npx-10.1177_1934578X221126306 - Supplemental material for Flavonoids and the Subchronic Toxicity, Antipeptic Ulcer, and Analgesic Effects of the Ethyl Acetate Soluble Fraction of the Ethanol Extract from <i>Sanchezia nobilis</i> Hook. f Leaves

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-npx-10.1177_1934578X221126306 for Flavonoids and the Subchronic Toxicity, Antipeptic Ulcer, and Analgesic Effects of the Ethyl Acetate Soluble Fraction of the Ethanol Extract from Sanchezia nobilis Hook. f Leaves by Thi Xuan Bui, Minh Ngoc Tran, Thanh Ha Tran and Thi Thu Hien Dang in Natural Product Communications</p

Wysokość lotu UAV i jego wpływ na precyzyjny cyfrowy model wysokości złożonego terenu

The application of lightweight Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has been increasingly common in 3D topographic surveys. Especially in the complex terrains such as open-pit mines, where the elevation is rapidly undulating, the UAV based mapping is more efficient, economic and safe compared to the conventional methods. However, one of the most important factors in UAV mapping of complex terrain is the flight altitude which needs to be seriously considered because of the safety and accuracy of generated DEMs. This paper aims to evaluate the influence of flight height on accuracy of DEMs generated for open-pit mines. For this purpose, the selected study area is a quarry with complex terrain located in the Northern Vietnam. The investigation was conducted with five flight heights of 50 m, 100 m, 150 m, 200 m, and 250 m. To assess the accuracy of resulting DEMs, 10 ground control points and 385 checkpoints measured by both GNSS/RTK and total station methods were used. The accuracy of DEM was assessed by using root-mean-square error (RMSE) in X, Y, Z, XY, and XYZ components. The result showed that the DEM models generated at the flight heights of less than 150 m have high accuracy, RMSEs on the 10 GCPs increased from 1.8 cm to 6.2 cm for vertical (Z), and from 2.6 cm to 6.3 cm for horizontal (XY), whereas RMSE on 385 checkpoints increases gradually from 0.05 m to 0.15 m for vertical (Z) when the height flight increased from 50 m to 250 m.Zastosowanie lekkich bezzałogowych statków powietrznych (UAV) jest coraz bardziej powszechne w badaniach topograficznych 3D. Zwłaszcza w skomplikowanych terenach, takich jak kopalnie odkrywkowe, w których wzniesienie gwałtownie faluje, mapowanie oparte na UAV jest bardziej wydajne, ekonomiczne i bezpieczne w porównaniu z metodami konwencjonalnymi. Jednak jednym z najważniejszych czynników w mapowaniu UAV złożonego terenu jest wysokość lotu, którą należy poważnie rozważyć ze względu na bezpieczeństwo i dokładność generowanych DEM. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu ocenę wpływu wysokości lotu na dokładność DEM generowanych dla kopalni odkrywkowych. W tym celu wybranym obszarem badawczym jest kamieniołom o złożonym terenie położony w północnym Wietnamie. Badanie przeprowadzono przy pięciu wysokościach lotu 50 m, 100 m, 150 m, 200 m i 250 m. Aby ocenić dokładność uzyskanych DEM, wykorzystano 10 naziemnych punktów kontrolnych i 385 punktów kontrolnych mierzonych zarówno metodami GNSS/RTK, jak i metodami stacji całkowitej. Dokładność DEM oceniono za pomocą błędu pierwiastkowego średniego kwadratu (RMSE) w komponentach X, Y, Z, XY i XYZ. Wynik pokazał, że modele DEM generowane na wysokościach lotu poniżej 150 m mają wysoką dokładność, RMSE na 10 GCP wzrosły z 1,8 cm do 6,2 cm dla pionu (Z) i od 2,6 cm do 6,3 cm dla poziomu (XY), podczas gdy RMSE na 385 punktach kontrolnych wzrasta stopniowo z 0,05 m do 0,15 m dla pionu (Z), gdy lot na wysokości wzrósł z 50 m do 250 m