Modelling flexible thrust performance for trajectory prediction applications in ATM

Reduced thrust operations are of widespread use nowadays due to their inherit benefits for engine conservation. Therefore, in order to enable realistic simulation of air traffic management (ATM) scenarios for purposes such as noise and emissions assessment, a model for reduced thrust is required. This paper proposes a methodology for modelling flexible thrust by combining an assumed temperature (AT) polynomial model identified from manufacturer take-off performance data and public thrust models taken from typical ATM performance databases. The advantage of the proposed AT model is that it only depends on the take-off conditions —runway length, airport altitude, temperature, wind, etc. The results derived from this methodology were compared to simulation data obtained from manufacturer’s take-off performance tools and databases. This comparison revealed that the polynomial model provides AT estimations with sufficient accuracy for their use in ATM simulation. The Base of Aircraft Data (BADA) and the Aircraft Noise and Performance (ANP) database were chosen as representative of aircraft performance models commonly used in ATM simulation. It was observed that there is no significant degradation of the overall accuracy of their thrust models when using AT, while there is a correct capture of the corresponding thrust reduction.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Identificación, evaluación y control de riesgos y plan de emergencia para el tanque estacionario de Glp de la Escuela de Gastronomia de la ESPOCH, aplicando la normativa Seveso y método Probit.

El presente trabajo de titulación se basa en identificar, evaluar y controlar los riesgos, además elaborar un plan de emergencia para el tanque estacionario de GLP de la Carrera de Gastronomía de la ESPOCH, en base al desarrollo de la normativa Seveso y el método Probit. Se evaluó la situación actual mediante la identificación y evaluación de los riesgos existentes aplicando la matriz de ánalisis y evaluación INSHT en la cual explosión e incendios son riesgos de accidentes mayores, se procede a la estimación del riesgo, mediante las consecuencias del daño, graduandole como extremadamente dañino y la probabilidad que ocurra el daño alta, esto resulta ser un riesgo intolerable. Se elaboró el método probit obteniendo los siguientes riesgos: muerte por lesiones pulmonares, rotura de timpano, daños estructurales menores, daños estructurales mayores, colapso de edificios y rotura de vidrios, una vez determinado el número probit se obtiene el porcentaje de afectación por el cambio súbito de presión o más conocido como la onda expansiva, se consideró las distancias desde 8 m, 12,5 m, 15 m, 30 m y hasta 135 m en el cual redujeron el porcentaje de afectación. Teniendo en cuenta el crecimiento poblacional aledaños a la ESPOCH, se debe considerar la reubicación del tanque GLP tomando en cuenta el análisis realizado, el cual se debe estimar un área libre de 135 m a la redonda. Por último se recomienda aplicar el presente plan de emergencia establecido, e incluir planes de capacitación y a la vez coordinar con el personal de la institución sobretodo de la Carrera de Gastronomía y el Cuerpo de Bomberos del cantón Riobamba; para la instrucción de la manera correcta de actuar frente a un accidente mayor.The present degree work is based on identifying, evaluating and controlling the risks, in addition to preparing an emergency plan for the stationary GLP tank of the ESPOCH Gastronomy Race, based on the development of the Seveso standard and the Probit method. The current situation was evaluated by identifying and assessing the existing risks by applying the INSHT analysis and evaluation matrix in which explosions and fires are major accident risks, the risk is estimated through the consequences of the damage, grading it as extremely harmful and the probability that high damage occurs, this turns out to be an intolerable risk. The probit method was developed, obtaining the following risks: death due to lung injuries, tympane rupture, minor structural damage, major structural damage, collapse of buildings and glass breakage. Once the probit number is determined, the percentage affected by the change is obtained. Sudden pressure or better known as the shock wave, we considered the distances from 8 m, 12.5 m, 15 m, 30 m and up to 135 m in which they reduced the percentage of affectation. Taking into account the population growth surrounding the ESPOCH, the relocation of the GLP tank should be considered taking into account the analysis carried out, which should estimate a free area of 135 m in all. Finally, it is recommended to apply the present emergency plan, and include training plans and at the same time coordinate with the staff of the institution, above all the Gastronomy Race and the Fire Department of the Riobamba canton; for the instruction of the correct way to act in the face of a major accident

Plan de mejora para los procesos internos que fortalezcan la comercialización y competitividad en la empresa DAMBEG SHOES en el periodo 2013.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo realizar un plan de mejora en la empresa DAMBEG SHOES, para mejorar las actividades operativas a nivel interno y captar nuevos clientes en el mercado

Kinematics with Gaia DR2 : the force of a dwarf

We use Gaia DR2 astrometric and line-of-sight velocity information combined with two sets of distances obtained with a Bayesian inference method to study the 3D velocity distribution in the Milky Way disc. We search for variations in all Galactocentric cylindrical velocity components (Vϕ, VR, and Vz) with Galactic radius, azimuth, and distance from the disc mid-plane. We confirm recent work showing that bulk vertical motions in the R–z plane are consistent with a combination of breathing and bending modes. In the x–y plane, we show that, although the amplitudes change, the structure produced by these modes is mostly invariant as a function of distance from the plane. Comparing to two different Galactic disc models, we demonstrate that the observed patterns can drastically change in short time intervals, showing the complexity of understanding the origin of vertical perturbations. A strong radial VR gradient was identified in the inner disc, transitioning smoothly from 16 km s−1 kpc−1 at an azimuth of 30° < ϕ < 45° ahead of the Sun-Galactic centre line to −16 km s−1 kpc−1 at an azimuth of −45° < ϕ < −30° lagging the solar azimuth. We use a simulation with no significant recent mergers to show that exactly the opposite trend is expected from a barred potential, but overestimated distances can flip this trend to match the data. Alternatively, using an N-body simulation of the Sagittarius dwarf–Milky Way interaction, we demonstrate that a major recent perturbation is necessary to reproduce the observations. Such an impact may have strongly perturbed the existing bar or even triggered its formation in the last 1–2 Gyr

Avaliação genética de progênies de meio-irmãos de Eucalyptus urophylla utilizando os procedimentos REML/BLUP e E(QM).

Five progeny tests with half-sibs Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake were evaluated. Four 4 of them were from provenances Indonesia and one of them from Brazil. It was used the REML/ BLUP (restricted maximum likelihood / best linear unbiased prediction) procedures and the minimum square method for the estimation of genetic values. The tests were established separately according to the origin, in a complete randomized block design, with five replications and row plots of six plants in 3.0 x 2.0 meter spacing in Guanhães, Minas Gerais State. When the plants were 58 months-old for the characteristics of diameter at breast height (DAP), the five evaluated tests showed standard species values, besides presenting significant genetic variability by the F test at 1% of probability. The coefficients of additive genetic variation presented greater values in the TP-71 test from Wetar and TP-68 from Alor, and presented similar values in other tests for the diameter at breast height (DAP) characteristic. Selection gains were estimated at values of 12.8; 22.9; 9.5; 21.0 and 25.3%, and the effective population size (Ne) at values of 60.2; 58.0; 131.8; 167.9 and 224.1 for the TP-67, TP-68, TP-69, TP-70 and TP-71 tests, respectively. A selection gain of 26.8 % was obtained in the clonal seed orchard with selection of 21 plants that were carriers of the greatest additive genetic values. In both procedures, the values of the genetic parameters were similar, except among families, in which the  REML procedure em obtained higher values with accuracy higher than 70% in all populations, proving to be appropriate for this purpose.Realizou-se avaliação genética em cinco testes de progênies de meio-irmãos de Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake procedentes da Indonésia, com o uso dos procedimentos REML/BLUP (máxima verossimilhaça restrita/melhor predição linear não-viesada) e pelo método dos quadrados mínimos E (QM). Os ensaios foram estabelecidos separadamente por procedência, sendo o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições e parcelas lineares de seis plantas, no espaçamento 3,0 x 2,0 metros, em Guanhães, MG. Nos cinco testes avaliados aos 58 meses de idade, para a característica diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP), apresentaram valores dentro dos padrões da espécie, além de exibir variabilidade genética significativa, pelo teste F a 1% de probabilidade. Os coeficientes de variação genética aditiva apresentaram valores maiores no teste TP-71 originado de Wetar e no TP-68 originado de Alor, e nos outros testes apresentaram valores similares para a característica diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP). Os ganhos de seleção foram estimados na ordem de 12,8; 22,9; 9,5; 21,0 e 25,3% e tamanho efetivo populacional (Ne) na ordem de 60,2; 58,0; 131,8; 167,9 e 224,1 para ao testes TP-67, TP-68, TP-69, TP-70 e TP-71 respectivamente. O ganho de seleção no Pomar de Sementes Clonal (PSC) foi de 26,8 % com a seleção dos 21 indivíduos portadores dos maiores valores genéticos aditivos. Nos dois procedimentos, máxima verossimilhança restrita (REML) e esperança de quadrados mínimos E(QM), os valores dos parâmetros genéticos foram semelhantes, exceto entre familias, em que o procedimento REML proporcionou valores mais elevados com acurácia superior a 70% em todas as populações, mostrando-se como ferramenta apropriada para esse fim

Genetic testing for familial hyperparathyroidism : clinical-genetic profile in a Mediterranean cohort

Approximately 10% of primary hyperparathyroidism cases are hereditary, due to germline mutations in certain genes. Although clinically relevant, a systematized genetic diagnosis is missing due to a lack of firm evidence regarding individuals to test and which genes to evaluate. A customized gene panel (AIP, AP2S1, CASR, CDC73, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CDKN2B, CDKN2C, GCM2, GNA11, MEN1, PTH, RET, and TRPV6) was performed in 40 patients from the Mediterranean area with suspected familial hyperparathyroidism (≤45 years of age, family history, high-risk histology, associated tumour, multiglandular disease, or recurrent hyperparathyroidism). We aimed to determine the prevalence of germline variants in these patients, to clinically characterize the probands and their relatives, and to compare disease severity in carriers versus those with a negative genetic test. Germline variants were observed in 9/40 patients (22.5%): 2 previously unknown pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants of CDKN1B (related to MEN4), 1 novel variant of uncertain significance of CDKN2C, 4 variants of CASR (3 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants and 1 variant of uncertain significance), and 2 novel variants of uncertain significance of TRPV6. Familial segregation studies allowed diagnosis and early treatment of PHPT in first-degree relatives of probands. The observed prevalence of germline variants in the Mediterranean cohort under study was remarkable and slightly higher than that seen in other populations. Genetic screening for suspected familial hyperparathyroidism allows the early diagnosis and treatment of PHPT and other related comorbidities. We recommend genetic testing for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who present with high-risk features

Deciphering the genome structure and paleohistory of _Theobroma cacao_

We sequenced and assembled the genome of _Theobroma cacao_, an economically important tropical fruit tree crop that is the source of chocolate. The assembly corresponds to 76% of the estimated genome size and contains almost all previously described genes, with 82% of them anchored on the 10 _T. cacao_ chromosomes. Analysis of this sequence information highlighted specific expansion of some gene families during evolution, for example flavonoid-related genes. It also provides a major source of candidate genes for _T. cacao_ disease resistance and quality improvement. Based on the inferred paleohistory of the T. cacao genome, we propose an evolutionary scenario whereby the ten _T. cacao_ chromosomes were shaped from an ancestor through eleven chromosome fusions. The _T. cacao_ genome can be considered as a simple living relic of higher plant evolution

GENETIC EVALUATION OF HALF-SIB Eucalyptus urophylla PROGENIES BY THE REML/BLUP AND MINIMUM SQUARES PROCEDURE

Realizou-se avalia\ue7\ue3o gen\ue9tica em cinco testes de prog\ueanies de meio-irm\ue3os de Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake procedentes da Indon\ue9sia, com o uso dos procedimentos REML/BLUP (m\ue1xima verossimilha\ue7a restrita/melhor predi\ue7\ue3o linear n\ue3o-viesada) e pelo m\ue9todo dos quadrados m\uednimos E (QM). Os ensaios foram estabelecidos separadamente por proced\ueancia, sendo o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com cinco repeti\ue7\uf5es e parcelas lineares de seis plantas, no espa\ue7amento 3,0 x 2,0 metros, em Guanh\ue3es, MG. Nos cinco testes avaliados aos 58 meses de idade, para a caracter\uedstica di\ue2metro \ue0 altura do peito (DAP), apresentaram valores dentro dos padr\uf5es da esp\ue9cie, al\ue9m de exibir variabilidade gen\ue9tica significativa, pelo teste F a 1% de probabilidade. Os coeficientes de varia\ue7\ue3o gen\ue9tica aditiva apresentaram valores maiores no teste TP-71 originado de Wetar e no TP-68 originado de Alor, e nos outros testes apresentaram valores similares para a caracter\uedstica di\ue2metro \ue0 altura do peito (DAP).Os ganhos de sele\ue7\ue3o foram estimados na ordem de 12,8; 22,9; 9,5; 21,0 e 25,3% e tamanho efetivo populacional (Ne) na ordem de 60,2; 58,0; 131,8; 167,9 e 224,1 para ao testes TP-67, TP-68, TP-69, TP-70 e TP-71 respectivamente. O ganho de sele\ue7\ue3o no Pomar de Sementes Clonal (PSC) foi de 26,8 % com a sele\ue7\ue3o dos 21 indiv\uedduos portadores dos maiores valores gen\ue9ticos aditivos. Nos dois procedimentos, m\ue1xima verossimilhan\ue7a restrita (REML) e esperan\ue7a de quadrados m\uednimos E(QM), os valores dos par\ue2metros gen\ue9ticos foram semelhantes, exceto entre familias, em que o procedimento REML proporcionou valores mais elevados com acur\ue1cia superior a 70% em todas as popula\ue7\uf5es, mostrando-se como ferramenta apropriada para esse fim.Five progeny tests with half-sibs Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake were evaluated. Four 4 of them were from provenances Indonesia and one of them from Brazil. It was used the REML/ BLUP (restricted maximum likelihood / best linear unbiased prediction) procedures and the minimum square method for the estimation of genetic values. The tests were established separately according to the origin, in a complete randomized block design, with five replications and row plots of six plants in 3.0 x 2.0 meter spacing in Guanh\ue3es, Minas Gerais State. When the plants were 58 months-old for the characteristics of diameter at breast height (DAP), the five evaluated tests showed standard species values, besides presenting significant genetic variability by the F test at 1% of probability. The coefficients of additive genetic variation presented greater values in the TP-71 test from Wetar and TP-68 from Alor, and presented similar values in other tests for the diameter at breast height (DAP) characteristic. Selection gains were estimated at values of 12.8; 22.9; 9.5; 21.0 and 25.3%, and the effective population size (Ne) at values of 60.2; 58.0; 131.8; 167.9 and 224.1 for the TP-67, TP-68, TP-69, TP-70 and TP-71 tests, respectively. A selection gain of 26.8 % was obtained in the clonal seed orchard with selection of 21 plants that were carriers of the greatest additive genetic values. In both procedures, the values of the genetic parameters were similar, except among families, in which the REML procedure em obtained higher values with accuracy higher than 70% in all populations, proving to be appropriate for this purpose

Phenotypic and Functional Signatures of Peripheral Blood and Spleen Compartments of Cynomolgus Macaques Infected With T. cruzi: Associations With Cardiac Histopathological Characteristics

We performed a detailed analysis of immunophenotypic features of circulating leukocytes and spleen cells from cynomolgus macaques that had been naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, identifying their unique and shared characteristics in relation to cardiac histopathological lesion status. T. cruzi-infected macaques were categorized into three groups: asymptomatic [CCC(-)], with mild chronic chagasic cardiopathy [CCC(+)], or with moderate chronic chagasic cardiopathy [CCC(++)]. Our findings demonstrated significant differences in innate and adaptive immunity cells of the peripheral blood and spleen compartments, by comparison with non-infected controls. CCC(+) and CCC(++) hosts exhibited decreased frequencies of monocytes, NK and NKT-cell subsets in both compartments, and increased frequencies of activated CD8+ T-cells and GranA+/GranB+ cells. While a balanced cytokine profile (TNF/IL-10) was observed in peripheral blood of CCC(-) macaques, a predominant pro-inflammatory profile (increased levels of TNF and IFN/IL-10) was observed in both CCC(+) and CCC(++) subgroups. Our data demonstrated that cardiac histopathological features of T. cruzi-infected cynomolgus macaques are associated with perturbations of the immune system similarly to those observed in chagasic humans. These results provide further support for the validity of the cynomolgus macaque model for pre-clinical research on Chagas disease, and provide insights pertaining to the underlying immunological mechanisms involved in the progression of cardiac Chagas disease